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61 teoría atómica
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62 атомистика
1) General subject: the doctrine of the atom2) Chemistry: atomies3) Physics: atomistics4) Special term: atomism5) Makarov: atomic physics, atomic theory -
63 atom
(Russian) atom. atomni parchalash splitting of the atom. atom og’irligi atomic weight. atom nazariyasi atomic theory -
64 атомистична теория на Далтон
dalton's atomic theoriesdalton's atomic theoryБългарски-Angleščina политехнически речник > атомистична теория на Далтон
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65 teorioca
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66 Davy, Sir Humphry
[br]b. 17 December 1778 Penzance, Cornwall, Englandd. 29 May 1829 Geneva, Switzerland[br]English chemist, discoverer of the alkali and alkaline earth metals and the halogens, inventor of the miner's safety lamp.[br]Educated at the Latin School at Penzance and from 1792 at Truro Grammar School, Davy was apprenticed to a surgeon in Penzance. In 1797 he began to teach himself chemistry by reading, among other works, Lavoisier's elementary treatise on chemistry. In 1798 Dr Thomas Beddoes of Bristol engaged him as assistant in setting up his Pneumatic Institution to pioneer the medical application of the newly discovered gases, especially oxygen.In 1799 he discovered the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide, discovered not long before by the chemist Joseph Priestley. He also noted its intoxicating qualities, on account of which it was dubbed "laughing-gas". Two years later Count Rumford, founder of the Royal Institution in 1800, appointed Davy Assistant Lecturer, and the following year Professor. His lecturing ability soon began to attract large audiences, making science both popular and fashionable.Davy was stimulated by Volta's invention of the voltaic pile, or electric battery, to construct one for himself in 1800. That enabled him to embark on the researches into electrochemistry by which is chiefly known. In 1807 he tried decomposing caustic soda and caustic potash, hitherto regarded as elements, by electrolysis and obtained the metals sodium and potassium. He went on to discover the metals barium, strontium, calcium and magnesium by the same means. Next, he turned his attention to chlorine, which was then regarded as an oxide in accordance with Lavoisier's theory that oxygen was the essential component of acids; Davy failed to decompose it, however, even with the aid of electricity and concluded that it was an element, thus disproving Lavoisier's view of the nature of acids. In 1812 Davy published his Elements of Chemical Philosophy, in which he presented his chemical ideas without, however, committing himself to the atomic theory, recently advanced by John Dalton.In 1813 Davy engaged Faraday as Assistant, perhaps his greatest service to science. In April 1815 Davy was asked to assist in the development of a miner's lamp which could be safely used in a firedamp (methane) laden atmosphere. The "Davy lamp", which emerged in January 1816, had its flame completely surrounded by a fine wire mesh; George Stephenson's lamp, based on a similar principle, had been introduced into the Northumberland pits several months earlier, and a bitter controversy as to priority of invention ensued, but it was Davy who was awarded the prize for inventing a successful safety lamp.In 1824 Davy was the first to suggest the possibility of conferring cathodic protection to the copper bottoms of naval vessels by the use of sacrificial electrodes. Zinc and iron were found to be equally effective in inhibiting corrosion, although the scheme was later abandoned when it was found that ships protected in this way were rapidly fouled by weeds and barnacles.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1812. FRS 1803; President, Royal Society 1820. Royal Society Copley Medal 1805.Bibliography1812, Elements of Chemical Philosophy.1839–40, The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy, 9 vols, ed. John Davy, London.Further ReadingJ.Davy, 1836, Memoirs of the Life of Sir Humphry Davy, London (a classic biography). J.A.Paris, 1831, The Life of Sir Humphry Davy, London (a classic biography). H.Hartley, 1967, Humphry Davy, London (a more recent biography).J.Z.Fullmer, 1969, Cambridge, Mass, (a bibliography of Davy's works).ASD -
67 атомистика
научн. atomic theoryБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > атомистика
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68 атомистика
<scient.> atomic theory -
69 завоёвывать всеобщее признание
•Dalton's atomic theory won (or gained) general acceptance (or recognition).
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > завоёвывать всеобщее признание
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70 атомизм
1) General subject: atomism, the doctrine of the atom2) Psychology: materialism3) Makarov: atomic theory -
71 атомистическая теория
1) General subject: atomism, the doctrine of the atom2) Philosophy: atomic theoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > атомистическая теория
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72 атомическая теория
Mathematics: atomic theoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > атомическая теория
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73 атомно-молекулярное учение
Chemistry: atomic theoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > атомно-молекулярное учение
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74 атомизм
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75 אטומיסטי
adj. atomistic, of atomism (atomic theory; doctrine of the action of atoms; source of mental phenomenon in simple causes) -
76 Atomtheorie
f < phys> ■ atomic theory -
77 atomlære
subst. atomic theory -
78 atomteori
subst. atomic theory -
79 атомістична теорія Дальтона
Українсько-англійський словник з аналітичної хімії > атомістична теорія Дальтона
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80 атомістика
См. также в других словарях:
Atomic theory — Atomic model redirects here. For the unrelated term in mathematical logic, see Atomic model (mathematical logic). This article is about the historical models of the atom. For a history of the study of how atoms combine to form molecules, see… … Wikipedia
Atomic theory — Theory The o*ry, n.; pl. {Theories}. [F. th[ e]orie, L. theoria, Gr. ? a beholding, spectacle, contemplation, speculation, fr. ? a spectator, ? to see, view. See {Theater}.] 1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in speculation or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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atomic theory — n 1) a theory of the nature of matter: all material substances are composed of minute particles or atoms of a comparatively small number of kinds and all the atoms of the same kind are uniform in size, weight, and other properties called also… … Medical dictionary
atomic theory — n. the theory that all material objects and substances are composed of atoms, and that various phenomena are explained by the properties and interactions of these atoms … English World dictionary
atomic theory — 1. Physics, Chem. any of several theories describing the structure, behavior, and other properties of the atom and its component parts. 2. Philos. atomism (def. 1). [1840 50] * * * ▪ physics ancient philosophical speculation that all things … Universalium
atomic theory — noun 1. a theory of the structure of the atom • Hypernyms: ↑scientific theory • Hyponyms: ↑Bohr theory, ↑Rutherford atom • Part Holonyms: ↑nuclear physics, ↑atomic physics, ↑ … Useful english dictionary
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atomic theory — n. theory explaining the structure of the atom; theory which asserts that all matter is comprised of atoms … English contemporary dictionary
atomic theory — noun Date: 1814 1. a theory of the nature of matter: all material substances are composed of minute particles or atoms of a comparatively small number of kinds and all the atoms of the same kind are uniform in size, weight, and other properties 2 … New Collegiate Dictionary
atomic theory — noun a) The theory that all gross matter is composed of atoms. b) Any of several theories that explain the structure of the atom, and of subatomic particles … Wiktionary