-
1 ava-
2 prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" WJ:370 3 prefix "without" ARsup2/sup, AWA. In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" q.v. 4 vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit WJ:370. Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed with the ending -n I in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan ávëan, future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t.aunë in the sense was not, as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkiens the text was revised. -
2 lár
1 noun "league", a linear measure, 5000 rangar q.v.. A ranga was approximately 38 inches, so a lár was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches ca. 4826 m, supposing the equivalence to be exact" - close enough to our league of 5280 yards to justify this translation. The basic meaning of lár is "pause";in marches a brief halt was made for each league. UT:285 2 noun "ear" ?. Tolkien's wording is not clear, but ¤lasū is given as an ancient dual form "pair of ears"; Quenya lár could represent the old singular las- LASsup2/sup. In a post-LotR source, Tolkien derives hlas ear dual hlaru from a stem SLAS PE17:62. Initial hl- rather than l- reflects the revised form of the stem LAS becoming SLAS, and in the later version of the phonology, postvocalic -s does not become -r when final. Compare the noun dream, given as olor in the Etymologies LOS, but as olos pl. olori in a later source UT:396 -
3 hriz-
vb. to snow, impersonal, given in the form hríza it is snowing. Normally z would turn to r in Exilic Quenya, but since two r's close to one another were disliked, it may be that hriz- became *hris- instead compare razë sticks out becoming rasë instead of **rarë, PE19:73 Past tense hrinsë with s from the original root SRIS and another form which the editor tentatively reads as hrissë the development ns ss is regular. PE17:168 -
4 sívë
1 prep. "as", apparently ve of similar meaning with the prefix sí- "this, here, now"; sívë therefore makes a comparison with something close, whereas tambë q.v. refers to something remote. Sívë...tambë "as...so" VT43:17. Elided sív' in VT43:12, since the next word begins in the vowel e-. 2 noun "peace" VT44:35 3 noun knowing, knowledge PE17:68; probably never meant to coexist with \#1 and \#2 above, so istya may be preferred -
5 latya-
2 vb. "to open anything so as to allow entry PE17:159. Cf. the negated form avalatya *"un-open" = to "close"? VT41:6. See ava- \#3.
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