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81 Научно-исследовательская лаборатория авиационной медицины армии США
Aviation medicine: US Army Aeromedical Research LaboratoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Научно-исследовательская лаборатория авиационной медицины армии США
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82 лаборатория НИОКР в области баллистики оружия СВ
Military: Army Ballistics Research laboratoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > лаборатория НИОКР в области баллистики оружия СВ
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83 лаборатория тропических исследований СВ
Military: Army Tropical Research laboratoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > лаборатория тропических исследований СВ
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84 медицинская лаборатория биомеханических исследований СВ
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > медицинская лаборатория биомеханических исследований СВ
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85 медицинская научно-исследовательская лаборатория СВ
Military: Army Medical Research LaboratoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > медицинская научно-исследовательская лаборатория СВ
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86 научно-исследовательская лаборатория ГСМ СВ
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > научно-исследовательская лаборатория ГСМ СВ
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87 научно-исследовательская лаборатория авиационной медицины СВ
Military: Army Aeromedical Research LaboratoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > научно-исследовательская лаборатория авиационной медицины СВ
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88 научно-исследовательская лаборатория аэронавтики СВ
Military: Army Aeronautical Research laboratoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > научно-исследовательская лаборатория аэронавтики СВ
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89 научно-исследовательская лаборатория инженерно-строительной техники СВ
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > научно-исследовательская лаборатория инженерно-строительной техники СВ
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90 научно-исследовательская лаборатория протезирования СВ
Military: Army Prosthetics Research LaboratoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > научно-исследовательская лаборатория протезирования СВ
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91 USAARL
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92 AFLRL
AFLRL, Army Fuel and Lubricants Research LaboratoryEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > AFLRL
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93 AMBRL
AMBRL, Army Medical Biomechanical Research LaboratoryEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > AMBRL
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94 APRL
APRL, Army Prosthetics Research LaboratoryEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > APRL
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95 CRREL
1) Военный термин: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory2) Сокращение: Cold Region Research & Engineering Laboratory (US Army)3) Экология: Cold Region Research and Engineering Laboratory -
96 LAIR
1) Военный термин: Letterman Army Institute of Research2) Сокращение: Lamp-augmented Infrared, Laser & Atomic Research & Development (Croatia)3) Университет: Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence Research4) Деловая лексика: Loyalty Award Incentive Reward -
97 lair
1) Военный термин: Letterman Army Institute of Research2) Сокращение: Lamp-augmented Infrared, Laser & Atomic Research & Development (Croatia)3) Университет: Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence Research4) Деловая лексика: Loyalty Award Incentive Reward -
98 Forrester, Jay Wright
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 14 July 1918 Anselmo, Nebraska, USA[br]American electrical engineer and management expert who invented the magnetic-core random access memory used in most early digital computers.[br]Born on a cattle ranch, Forrester obtained a BSc in electrical engineering at the University of Nebraska in 1939 and his MSc at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he remained to teach and carry out research. Becoming interested in computing, he established the Digital Computer Laboratory at MIT in 1945 and became involved in the construction of Whirlwind I, an early general-purpose computer completed in March 1951 and used for flight-simulation by the US Army Air Force. Finding the linear memories then available for storing data a major limiting factor in the speed at which computers were able to operate, he developed a three-dimensional store based on the binary switching of the state of small magnetic cores that could be addressed and switched by a matrix of wires carrying pulses of current. The machine used parallel synchronous fixed-point computing, with fifteen binary digits and a plus sign, i.e. 16 bits in all, and contained 5,000 vacuum tubes, eleven semiconductors and a 2 MHz clock for the arithmetic logic unit. It occupied a two-storey building and consumed 150kW of electricity. From his experience with the development and use of computers, he came to realize their great potential for the simulation and modelling of real situations and hence for the solution of a variety of management problems, using data communications and the technique now known as interactive graphics. His later career was therefore in this field, first at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts (1951) and subsequently (from 1956) as Professor at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNational Academy of Engineering 1967. George Washington University Inventor of the Year 1968. Danish Academy of Science Valdemar Poulsen Gold Medal 1969. Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society Award for Outstanding Accomplishments 1972. Computer Society Pioneer Award 1972. Institution of Electrical Engineers Medal of Honour 1972. National Inventors Hall of Fame 1979. Magnetics Society Information Storage Award 1988. Honorary DEng Nebraska 1954, Newark College of Engineering 1971, Notre Dame University 1974. Honorary DSc Boston 1969, Union College 1973. Honorary DPolSci Mannheim University, Germany. Honorary DHumLett, State University of New York 1988.Bibliography1951, "Data storage in three dimensions using magnetic cores", Journal of Applied Physics 20: 44 (his first description of the core store).Publications on management include: 1961, Industrial Dynamics, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 1968, Principles of Systems, 1971, Urban Dynamics, 1980, with A.A.Legasto \& J.M.Lyneis, System Dynamics, North Holland. 1975, Collected Papers, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Further ReadingK.C.Redmond \& T.M.Smith, Project Whirlwind, the History of a Pioneer Computer (provides details of the Whirlwind computer).H.H.Goldstine, 1993, The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, Princeton University Press (for more general background to the development of computers).Serrell et al., 1962, "Evolution of computing machines", Proceedings of the Institute ofRadio Engineers 1,047.M.R.Williams, 1975, History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.See also: Burks, Arthur Walter; Goldstine, Herman H.; Wilkes, Maurice Vincent; Williams, Sir Frederic CallandKF -
99 Domagk, Gerhard Johannes Paul
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 30 October 1895 Lagow, Brandenburg, Germanyd. 24 April 1964 Burgberg, Germany[br]German physician, biochemist and pharmacologist, pioneer of antibacterial chemotherapy.[br]Domagk's studies in medicine were interrupted by the outbreak of the First World War and his service in the Army, delaying his qualification at Kiel until 1921. For a short while he worked at the University of Greifswald, but in 1925 he was appointed Reader in Pathology at the University of Munster, where he remained as Extraordinary Professor of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy (1928) and Professor (1958).In 1924 he published a paper on the role of the reticulo-endothelial system against infection. This led to his appointment as Director of Research by IG Farbenindustrie in their laboratory for experimental pathology and bacteriology. The planned programme of research into potential antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs led, via the discovery of the dye Prontosil rubrum by his colleagues, to his reporting in 1936 the clinical antistreptococcal effects of the sulphonamide drugs. These results were confirmed in other countries, but owing to problems with the Nazi authorities he was unable to receive until 1947 the Nobel Prize that he was awarded in 1939.Domagk turned his interest to the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, and in 1946 he was able to report the therapeutic activity of the thiosemicarbazones, which, although too toxic for general use, in their turn led to the discovery of the potent and effective isoniazid. In his later years he moved into the field of cancer chemotherapy, but interestingly he wrote, "One should not have too great expectations of the future of cytostatic agents." His only daughter was one of the first patients to have a severe streptococcal infection successfully treated with Prontosil rubrum.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine 1939. Foreign Member of the Royal Society. Paul Ehrlich Gold Medal.Bibliography1935, "Ein Beitrag zur Chemotherapie der bakteriellen Infektionen", Deutsche med. Woch.1924, Virchows Archiv für Path. Anat. und Physiol. u.f. klin. Med. 253:294–638.Further Reading1964, Biographical Memoirs of the Royal Society: Gerhard Domagk, London.MGBiographical history of technology > Domagk, Gerhard Johannes Paul
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100 assistance
əˈsɪstəns сущ. поддержка, помощь, поощрение, содействие to render( give, offer, provide) assistance ≈ оказывать помощь considerable/great assistance ≈ большая помощь, ощутимая поддержка economic/financial assistance ≈ экономическое содействие legal assistance ≈ юридическая помощь material assistance ≈ материальная помощь public assistance ≈ общественная поддержка technical assistance ≈ техническая поддержка economic assistance to underdeveloped countries ≈ экономическая помощью отсталым странам He was of considerable assistance to us. ≈ Он нам сильно помог. Syn: helpпомощь, содействие - mutual * взаимопомощь - technical * техническая помощь - to render * оказывать помощь - can I be of any *? могу ли я помочь вам? - they came to my * они пришли мне на помощь вспомоществование, пособие помощник;
ассистент;
референт - * to the Secretaty of State помощник государственного секретаря - manager's * помощник директора (технический) сотрудник;
работник - research * (старший) научный сотрудник - laboratory * лаборант вспомогательное средство - * to memory средство, способствующее запоминанию, мнемоническое средство замещающий, помогающий - * manager заместитель заведующего - A. Secretary of State заместитель государственного секретаря (в США) - A. Secretary of the Army заместитель военного министра (в армии США) младший, рядовой - * lecturer ассистент, младший преподаватель( вуза)assistance вспомоществование ~ поддержка ~ помощь, содействие;
to render assistance оказывать помощь ~ помощь, содействие ~ помощь ~ пособие ~ содействиеcollection ~ помощь при инкассированииexecutive ~ административная помощьfinancial ~ финансовая помощь financial ~ финансовое содействиеgovernment ~ правительственная поддержка government ~ правительственная помощь government ~ правительственное содействие government ~ содействие правительстваintercourt ~ международная правовая помощьjuridical ~ правовая помощьlend ~ оказывать помощь lend: ~ давать, предоставлять;
to lend assistance (support) оказывать помощь (поддержку)mutual ~ взаимное содействие mutual ~ взаимопомощьmutual judicial ~ взаимная судебная помощьpecuniary ~ финансовая помощьpublic ~ государственное вспомоществование public ~ общественная помощь;
помощь со стороны органа власти public ~ социальная помощь public ~ социальное обеспечение~ помощь, содействие;
to render assistance оказывать помощь render ~ оказывать помощьsocial ~ общественная поддержка social ~ социальная поддержка, социальное вспоможествование social ~ социальная (общественная) помощь social ~ социальное обеспечениеtechnical ~ техническая помощьvocational ~ профессиональная помощьБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > assistance
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