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1 приблизительное вычисление
Engineering: approximation computationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > приблизительное вычисление
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2 הערכה
estimation, evaluation, appraisal, assessment, estimate, valuation, appraisement, approximation, computation; criticism; appreciation, homage, credit, commendation -
3 Berechnung
Berechnung f 1. COMP calculation, computation; 2. GEN calculation, estimate* * ** * *Berechnung
(Belastung) charge, charging, (Fakturieren) billing, invoicing, (Preisstellung) pricing, quotation, (Rechnung) reckoning, figuring out, (Überschlag) calculation, computation, account, estimate, rate, valuation, assessment, (Umrechnung) conversion, reduction;
• bei billigster (niedrigster) Berechnung on most moderate terms, at the lowest price (calculation);
• nach meiner Berechnung according to my calculation;
• nach unten stehender Berechnung acording to the statement below;
• annähernde Berechnung approximation;
• erneute Berechnung recalculation;
• falsche Berechnung miscalculation, miscomputation;
• flüchtige Berechnung rough calculation;
• komplizierte Berechnungen complex calculations;
• pauschale Berechnung flat calculation;
• statische Berechnung static calculation;
• überschlägliche Berechnung rude sketch;
• vereinfachte Berechnung short-cut computation;
• vorsichtige Berechnung conservative (safe) estimate;
• Berechnung der Abschreibungssätze (Abschreibungsbeträge auf das Anlagevermögen) capital allowance computation, computation of the capital allowance (Br.);
• Berechnung des Aktienwertes computation of share value;
• Berechnung der Ausgleichspflicht hotchpot calculation (computation);
• Berechnung der Beiträge calculation of contributions;
• Berechnung einer Frist computation of a term;
• Berechnung der Inlandskapitalrendite domestic return-on-capital computation;
• Berechnung der Kosten calculation (computation) of expenses;
• Berechnung der Leistungen calculation of benefits;
• Berechnung der Produktionskapazität capacity evaluation;
• Berechnung der Produktionskosten process costing;
• Berechnung des Satzumfangs cast off, character count (Br.);
• Berechnung der Selbstkosten (des Selbstkostenpreises) costing, cost accounting;
• Berechnung zu höheren Steuersätzen higher rates calculation;
• Berechnung von Zinsen computation of interest;
• Berechnung anstellen (vornehmen) to make a calculation, to calculate, to work a sum. -
4 Consciousness
Consciousness is what makes the mind-body problem really intractable.... Without consciousness the mind-body problem would be much less interesting. With consciousness it seems hopeless. (T. Nagel, 1979, pp. 165-166)This approach to understanding sensory qualia is both theoretically and empirically motivated... [;] it suggests an effective means of expressing the allegedly inexpressible. The "ineffable" pink of one's current visual sensation may be richly and precisely expressed as a 95Hz/80Hz/80Hz "chord" in the relevant triune cortical system. The "unconveyable" taste sensation produced by the fabled Australian health tonic Vegamite might be poignantly conveyed as a 85/80/90/15 "chord" in one's four channeled gustatory system.... And the "indescribably" olfactory sensation produced by a newly opened rose might be quite accurately described as a 95/35/10/80/60/55 "chord" in some six-dimensional space within one's olfactory bulb. (P. M. Churchland, 1989, p. 106)One of philosophy's favorite facets of mentality has received scant attention from cognitive psychologists, and that is consciousness itself: fullblown, introspective, inner-world phenomenological consciousness. In fact if one looks in the obvious places... one finds not so much a lack of interest as a deliberate and adroit avoidance of the issue. I think I know why. Consciousness appears to be the last bastion of occult properties, epiphenomena, and immeasurable subjective states-in short, the one area of mind best left to the philosophers, who are welcome to it. Let them make fools of themselves trying to corral the quicksilver of "phenomenology" into a respectable theory. (Dennett, 1978b, p. 149)When I am thinking about anything, my consciousness consists of a number of ideas.... But every idea can be resolved into elements... and these elements are sensations. (Titchener, 1910, p. 33)A Darwin machine now provides a framework for thinking about thought, indeed one that may be a reasonable first approximation to the actual brain machinery underlying thought. An intracerebral Darwin Machine need not try out one sequence at a time against memory; it may be able to try out dozens, if not hundreds, simultaneously, shape up new generations in milliseconds, and thus initiate insightful actions without overt trial and error. This massively parallel selection among stochastic sequences is more analogous to the ways of darwinian biology than to the "von Neumann" serial computer. Which is why I call it a Darwin Machine instead; it shapes up thoughts in milliseconds rather than millennia, and uses innocuous remembered environments rather than noxious real-life ones. It may well create the uniquely human aspect of our consciousness. (Calvin, 1990, pp. 261-262)To suppose the mind to exist in two different states, in the same moment, is a manifest absurdity. To the whole series of states of the mind, then, whatever the individual, momentary successive states may be, I give the name of our consciousness.... There are not sensations, thoughts, passions, and also consciousness, any more than there is quadruped or animal, as a separate being to be added to the wolves, tygers, elephants, and other living creatures.... The fallacy of conceiving consciousness to be something different from the feeling, which is said to be its object, has arisen, in a great measure, from the use of the personal pronoun I. (T. Brown, 1970, p. 336)The human capacity for speech is certainly unique. But the gulf between it and the behavior of animals no longer seems unbridgeable.... What does this leave us with, then, which is characteristically human?.... t resides in the human capacity for consciousness and self-consciousness. (Rose, 1976, p. 177)[Human consciousness] depends wholly on our seeing the outside world in such categories. And the problems of consciousness arise from putting reconstitution beside internalization, from our also being able to see ourselves as if we were objects in the outside world. That is in the very nature of language; it is impossible to have a symbolic system without it.... The Cartesian dualism between mind and body arises directly from this, and so do all the famous paradoxes, both in mathematics and in linguistics.... (Bronowski, 1978, pp. 38-39)It seems to me that there are at least four different viewpoints-or extremes of viewpoint-that one may reasonably hold on the matter [of computation and conscious thinking]:A. All thinking is computation; in particular, feelings of conscious awareness are evoked merely by the carrying out of appropriate computations.B. Awareness is a feature of the brain's physical action; and whereas any physical action can be simulated computationally, computational simulation cannot by itself evoke awareness.C. Appropriate physical action of the brain evokes awareness, but this physical action cannot even be properly simulated computationally.D. Awareness cannot be explained by physical, computational, or any other scientific terms. (Penrose, 1994, p. 12)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Consciousness
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5 Schätzung
Schätzung f 1. GEN appraisal, estimation, projection; 2. GRUND apportionment, appraisement, valuation; 3. STEUER assessment • nach niedrigster Schätzung GEN at the lowest estimate* * *f 1. < Geschäft> appraisal, estimation, projection; 2. < Grund> apportionment, appraisement, valuation; 3. < Steuer> assessment ■ nach niedrigster Schätzung < Geschäft> at the lowest estimate--------: zu hohe Schätzung<Finanz, Rechnung, Vw> overestimate* * *Schätzung
estimate, estimation, valuation, pricing, (Berechnung) computation, calculation, (Steuerwesen) rating, assessment, (Versicherung) appraisal, appraisement, (Voranschlag) estimate, rough calculation, (Wert) price, value, (steuerlicher Wert) assessed value (valuation, US);
• bei roher (vorläufiger) Schätzung at a venture (rough estimate, rough computation);
• nach der niedrigsten Schätzung at the lowest estimate;
• amtliche Schätzung official appraisement (estimate), professional valuation;
• angemessene Schätzung fair estimate;
• annähernde Schätzung approximate calculation, approximation;
• erneute Schätzung revaluation, reassessment;
• falsche Schätzung incorrect estimate;
• möglichst genaue Schätzung outside estimate (coll.);
• grobe Schätzung guesstimate (US sl.);
• gutachtliche Schätzung expert appraisal;
• zu hohe Schätzung overestimation, overestimate, overvaluation;
• irrtümliche Schätzung error of estimation;
• marktgerechte Schätzung market valuation;
• zu niedrige Schätzung low estimate, underestimate, undervaluation;
• rohe (ungefähre) Schätzung rough estimate, guess;
• ungeprüfte Schätzung uncritical estimate;
• unsichere Schätzung long guess;
• vorsichtige Schätzung conservative (safe) estimate;
• Schätzung zwecks hypothekarischer Beleihung rating of the entire mortgage pattern;
• Schätzung zu Erbschaftssteuerzwecken appraisal for inheritance taxation purposes;
• Schätzungen des Finanzministeriums treasury forecasts;
• Schätzung eines Geschäftsgrundstücks business property appraisal;
• Schätzung der Grundsteuer rating valuation (Br.);
• Schätzung der Herstellungskosten estimate of the cost of construction;
• Schätzung der Inflationsentwicklung inflation estimate;
• Schätzung der Sozialproduktentwicklung forecast of the national product;
• Schätzung der Unterhaltungskosten maintenance cost estimate;
• Schätzung nach dem höchsten Wahrscheinlichkeitswert maximum likelihood estimation;
• Schätzung des Wertes festverzinslicher Effekten bond rating;
• vorsichtige Schätzung zugrunde legen to employ a more conservative estimate;
• Schätzung im Blitzverfahren vornehmen to evaluate on a hurry-up basis;
• zu niedrige Schätzung vornehmen to pitch an estimate too low. -
6 пошаговый
прил. мат. step-by-step -
7 порядка
1) in the order of
2) of the order of
– код порядка числа
– шестого порядка
близость нулевого порядка — proximity of zero order
более высокого порядка или степени — higher
величина порядка малости — order infinitesimal
вычисление с точностью до порядка — order-of-magnitude computation
дифференциал второго порядка — second differential
имеющая N-1-кратную точку линия N-го порядка — monoid
интеграл дробного порядка — fractional integral
кратный корень порядка — multiple root of order
кривая второго порядка — <geom.> point conic, quadratic curve
кривая высшего порядка — higher plane curve
кривая третьего порядка — cubic
малая порядка н — <math.> infinitesimal of order n
малость порядка н — n-order infinitesimal
мода высшего порядка — higher-order mode
параметр ближнего порядка — short-range order parameter
параметр дальнего порядка — long-range order parameter
поверхность второго порядка невырождающаяся — <geom.> conicoid
поверхность втоторого порядка — surface of second order
поверхность пятого порядка — quintic
поверхность четвертого порядка — quartic
приближение нулевого порядка — zero-order approximation
производная второго порядка — second-order derivative
производная высшего порядка — higher derivative
производная дробного порядка — fractional derivative
реакция нулевого порядка — zero-order reaction
реакция первого порядка — first-order reaction
смешанный момент второго порядка — <math.> covariance
соприкосновение выше первого порядка — superosculation
уравнение первого порядка — first-order equation
фокусировка высокого порядка — high-order focusing
характеристическое уравнение поверхности второго порядка — discriminating cubic
член более высокого порядка — higher-order term
эквиангармоническая кривая третьего порядка — equianharmonic cubic
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8 arvio
yks.nom. arvio; yks.gen. arvion; yks.part. arviota; yks.ill. arvioon; mon.gen. arvioiden arvioitten; mon.part. arvioita; mon.ill. arvioihinappraisal (noun)appreciation (noun)assessment (noun)calculation (noun)estimate (noun)estimation (noun)valuation (noun)* * *• expectation• forecast• outlook• prediction• prognostication• prospect• rough guess• speculation• survey• approximation• valuation• evaluation• estimation• estimate• esteem• conjecture• computation• assessment• appreciation• appraisal• calculation -
9 arviointi
• evaluation• statement• rough guess• reckoning• rating• opinion• valuation• judgement• taxation• estimate• estimate survey• criticism• computation• calculation• assessment• approximation• appraisement• appraisal• estimation• notice
См. также в других словарях:
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approximation — ap•prox•i•ma•tion [[t]əˌprɒk səˈmeɪ ʃən[/t]] n. 1) math. phs an inexact computation or result that still falls within the required limits of accuracy 2) cv the quality or state of being near or close: an approximation to the facts[/ex] 3) the act … From formal English to slang
approximation — noun 1. an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth (Freq. 3) an estimate of what it would cost a rough idea how long it would take • Syn: ↑estimate, ↑estimation, ↑idea • Derivationally related forms: ↑ … Useful english dictionary
approximation — Synonyms and related words: access, accession, accord, accordance, addition, adjunct, advance, advent, affairs, affiliation, affinity, afflux, affluxion, agreement, alikeness, alliance, allowance, analogy, aping, appraisal, appraisement, approach … Moby Thesaurus
computation — Synonyms and related words: accounting, adding, adding machine, analysis, appraisal, appraisement, approximation, arithmetic, assessment, assize, assizement, automatic electronic navigation, braking, calculation, calculator, calculus, casting,… … Moby Thesaurus
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computation — noun 1. the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods (Freq. 3) • Syn: ↑calculation, ↑computing • Derivationally related forms: ↑computational, ↑compute, ↑calculate ( … Useful english dictionary
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