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1 AFTER
apa (also attested in compounds like Apanónar, see below), \#ep- (used in compounds when the second part of the compound begins with a vowel, only attested in epessë "after-name" – see NICKNAME.) This ep- is a shorter form of epë, which means “before” of spatial relationships but “after” of time (since the Eldar imagined time coming after their present as being before them, VT49:12); apa and epë may be seen as variants of the same word. Other variant forms of apa "after" include opo and pó/po (VT44:36, VT49:12). According to VT44:26, the preposition apa may also appear as pa, pá (cf. yéni pa yéni "years after years" in VT44:35), but pa/pá is in other manuscripts defined as "touching, as regards, concerning". THE AFTER-BORN Apanónar (sg \#Apanóna) (i.e., an Elvish name of Men, according to WJ:387 "a word of lore, not used in daily speech") –Silm:122/WJ:387, UT:266 -
2 SAY
quet- (pa.t. quentë) (speak, talk), equë (the latter word "has no tense forms...being mostly used only before either a proper name...or a full independent pronoun, in the senses say / says or said. A quotation then follows, either direct, or less usually indirect after a 'that'-construction (...) Affixes appear in equen 'said I', eques 'said he / she'." (WJ:392, 415) Attested forms include the aorist quetë and its pl. form quetir (VT41:11, 49:11). Cf. also SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1st pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language". Other forms occur in VT49:13, all with the ending -n “I”: Aorist avan, present ávan or ávëan, future avuvan > auvan, past avanen or aunen, perfect avávien. In one version, the forms ávëan and avanen are marked as poetic or archaic.) NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID avaquétima. SAYING eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, proverbial dictum, quotation) –Silm:436, WJ:370, LT2:348, WJ:392 -
3 WITH
For the purpose of Neo-Quenya writing, the best translation of "with" (in the sense of "together with") is probably \#as, attested with a pronominal suffix (see below). A string of various prepositional elements meaning "with" are attested, but all are probably not meant to coexist in the same form of Quenya; rather Tolkien often changed his mind about the details. The preposition lé, le found in early material (QL:52) is probably best avoided in LotR-style Quenya (in which langauge le is rather the pronoun "you"). Tolkien later seems to be experimenting with yo and ó/o as words for "with"; yo hildinyar in SD:56 probably means *"with my heirs", and VT43:29 reproduces a table where various pronouns are suffixed to ó-, probably meaning "with" (óni *"with me", ólë *"with you", etc.) In the essay Quendi and Eldar, Tolkien assigns a dual meaning to ó- as a prefix; it was used "in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units" (WJ:367; cf. 361 regarding the underlying stem WO, said to be a dual adverb "together"). The plural equivalent of dual ó- is yo- (as in yomenië, WJ:407 cf. 361 regarding the underlying root JŌ), and it may seem to be this yo that occurs as an independent preposition in yo hildinyar in SD:56. The idea that ó- is a distinctly dual form does not appear in all sources; in VT43:29 we have forms like *ómë *"with us", implying at least three persons. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya rendering of the Hail Mary, he experimented with various prepositional elements for the phrase "with thee" (see VT43:29). A form carelyë was replaced with aselyë in the final version. Removing the ending -lyë "thee" and the connecting vowel before it leaves us with \#as as the word (or a word) for "with"; this is ultimately related to the conjunction ar "and" (see VT43:30, 47:31). – In English, the preposition "with" may also have an instrumental force, which is best rendered by the Quenya instrumental case (e.g. *nambanen "with [= using] a hammer").
См. также в других словарях:
authoritative citation to appear before a court — index process (summons), summons, venire Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
appear before a court — participate in a trial, enter court to take part in a trial … English contemporary dictionary
appear — ap·pear vi 1: to present oneself before a person or body having authority to appear before the officer who is to take the deposition Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 37(d): as a: to present oneself in court as a party to a lawsuit often… … Law dictionary
Appear — Ap*pear , v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Appeared}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Appearing}.] [OE. apperen, aperen, OF. aparoir, F. apparoir, fr. L. appar?re to appear + par?reto come forth, to be visible; prob. from the same root as par?re to produce. Cf. {Apparent} … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
appear — ap|pear W1S1 [əˈpıə US əˈpır] v ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(seem)¦ 2¦(give impression)¦ 3¦(start to be seen)¦ 4¦(film/tv programme etc)¦ 5¦(book/newspaper etc)¦ 6¦(available/known)¦ 7¦(law court/meeting)¦ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ [Date: 1200 1300; : Old French; Origin: aparoir,… … Dictionary of contemporary English
appear — [[t]əpɪ͟ə(r)[/t]] ♦ appears, appearing, appeared 1) V LINK: no cont (vagueness) If you say that something appears to be the way you describe it, you are reporting what you believe or what you have been told, though you cannot be sure it is true.… … English dictionary
appear — verb 1 come into sight/existence ADVERB ▪ suddenly ▪ A man suddenly appeared in the doorway. ▪ from nowhere, magically ▪ A police officer appeared as if from nowhere and ordered us to halt … Collocations dictionary
appear — v. 1) (D; intr.) to appear against; for (she appeared against him in court) 2) (D; intr.) to appear to (she appeared to him in a dream) 3) (E) she appears to be well 4) (L; to) it appears (to me) that they will not come 5) (esp. BE) (S) to appear … Combinatory dictionary
appear — verb 1 SEEM (linking verb, not in progressive) a word used especially in formal or written English meaning to seem: appear upset/calm etc: Roger appeared very upset. | The city appeared calm after the previous night s fighting. | appear to be:… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
appear */*/*/ — UK [əˈpɪə(r)] / US [əˈpɪr] verb [intransitive, not usually progressive] Word forms appear : present tense I/you/we/they appear he/she/it appears present participle appearing past tense appeared past participle appeared 1) to make other people… … English dictionary
appear — ap|pear [ ə pır ] verb *** ▸ 1 seem ▸ 2 begin to be seen ▸ 3 be on TV etc. ▸ 4 be in court ▸ 5 start to exist ▸ 6 be written/printed 1. ) linking verb to make other people think that you are something or feel something. Appear is a slightly more… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
