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1 BUT
A sting of different words for the conjunction "but" are attested. In the Etymologies, the word for "but" is ná or nán. In Fíriel's Song, the short variant nan appears. One text (VT49:15) uses apa for “but”, but elsewhere, this is a preposition “after”. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya version of the Lord's Prayer, he was experimenting with many words for "but": anat, onë, ono (VT43:23; ono occurs also in another text in VT44:5/9, and shorter nó is attested in VT41:13), but in the final version of the Lord's Prayer, he used mal. We cannot know how many of these alternatives Tolkien would have considered conceptually valid and which were just experimental. For the purpose of writing in Quenya, the variant ná is probably best avoided since it can be confused with the copula "is"; likewise, nán (and nan?) may also mean *"I am" (ná, na- + the pronominal ending -n "I"). The Lord's Prayer variants are less ambiguous, and mal (the word used in the final version) is perhaps the best alternative so far published. BUT meaning "only" (as in "I am but a boy") may be rendered by er (only, one, alone, still). BUT YET a-nanta, ananta (and yet) –NDAN, LT1:269, FS, VT41:13, VT43:23 -
2 VOWEL
\#ómëa (only pl. ómëar attested), also \#óma-tengwë, \#ómatengwë (this term refers to vowels considered as independent phonemes, according to Fëanor's new insights on phonemics; only pl. ómatengwi is attested), óman (pl. "amandi" in LR:379 is a misreading for omandi, VT46:7; this term from the Etymologies may in any case be obsoleted by the above-mentioned forms), \#lehta tengwë (lit. "free/relased element"; only pl. lehta tengwi is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi). (Note: In some compounds, óma seems to mean "vowel" instead of "voice": VOWEL SIGN \#ómatehta (only pl ómatehtar is attested), DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma, VOCALIC EXTENSION ómataina (q.v. for definition). Yet another term for "vowel", \#penna pl. pennar, is given in VT39:16, but this is taken from a draft and not included in the final text Tolkien wrote. – The term \#mussë tengwë "soft element" (only attested in the pl.: mussë tengwi) covers vowels, semi-vowels (y, w) and continuants (l, r, m, n). –VT39:8/16, OM, WJ:396, 319, 417, VT39:17 -
3 CONSONANT
\#pataca (only pl. patacar is attested), \#lambetengwë (literally "tongue-sign"; only pl. lambetengwi is attested; this refers to consonants as tengwi or phonemes), also náva-tengwë ("ñava-") (literally "mouth-sign"; only pl. náva-tengwi is attested; the shorter form \#návëa pl. návëar was also used, but Fëanor replaced these terms with \#pataca). Yet another term for "consonant" was \#tapta tengwë "impeded element". (Only pl. tapta tengwi is attested; we would rather expect *taptë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective. The nominal pl. of the adjective, taptar, was used in the same sense as tapta tengwi.) Tolkien also notes: "Since...in the mode of spelling commonly used the full signs were consonantal, in ordinary non-technical use tengwar [sg tengwa, see LETTER] became equivalent to 'consonants'." Cf. also surya "spirant consonant" and punta "stopped consonant", i.e. a consonant sign with an underposed dot to indiate that it is not followed by a vowel. –VT39:8, VT39:16, 17, WJ:396, SUS, PUT (see PUS), VT46:10, 33 -
4 SUN
Anar, Úrin (Úrind-) (the latter was a "name of the Sun"; in LT1:271 úrin is glossed "blazing hot", and the word for "Sun" is Úr ["Ûr"] or Úri, Úrinci, Urwen.The stem Úrin is derived from was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from the same stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.) Naira ("the heart of flame"), Calavénë, Calaventë (other names for the Sun). Yet another term was Ancalë or "Radiant One", but it is unclear whether or not Tolkien rejected this form (see LR:362 s.v. KAL). NEW SUN AFTER SOLSTICE ceuranar (VT48:7). SUNLIGHT árë (older [MET] ázë); SUNRISE anarórë, ambaron/Ambarónë (uprising, Orient) (a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR), rómen (glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always "east"). SUNSET andúnë (west, evening). (Amuntë in LT2 is certainly obsolete in LotR-style Quenya.) RAY OF THE SUN firin (this may not be a valid word in LotR-style Quenya; in a later source, firin is the adjective "dead"). –ANÁR, UR, LotR:1157, LotR:254, ORO, AM, LotR:490, NDU, MR:198, Silm:428, LT2:335, 341
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