-
1 EARTH
cemen (soil). (Note: at the time Tolkien wrote Etym, he thought of cemen as the genitive of cén, but later cemen evidently became the nominative form, as it had been in earlier writings [LT1:257]. In Silm:433, it is said that cemen [kemen] refers to "the Earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens". LT1:257, reproducing early material, also has cemi "earth, soil, land" and Kémi "Mother Earth".) Locative cemendë "on earth" in VT43:17. HEAVEN AND EARTH Menel Cemenyë (VT47:11). EARTH-QUEEN Kementári (Yavanna's title); EARTHEN, OF EARTH cemna. (LR:363 gves "kemina", but according to VT45:19, this is a misreading for "kemna" in Tolkien's manuscript.) EARTH (= world) Ambar (world) (Tolkien equated Ambar with Oikoumene, a Greek word denoting "world" considered as "the inhabited world of Men". But ambar also seems to mean "doom", q.v. MR:337 (cf. WJ:419) has Imbar instead of Ambar; the literal meaning of both words is said to be "habitation") EARTH-DWELLERS –LT2:343 gives indi, rendered "earthdwellers" and said to be another word for "men", but this is hardly a valid word in LotR-style Quenya. –KEM/Silm:433/LT1:257/VT44:34, MBAR cf. Letters:283 or SD:409 -
2 SAY
quet- (pa.t. quentë) (speak, talk), equë (the latter word "has no tense forms...being mostly used only before either a proper name...or a full independent pronoun, in the senses say / says or said. A quotation then follows, either direct, or less usually indirect after a 'that'-construction (...) Affixes appear in equen 'said I', eques 'said he / she'." (WJ:392, 415) Attested forms include the aorist quetë and its pl. form quetir (VT41:11, 49:11). Cf. also SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1st pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language". Other forms occur in VT49:13, all with the ending -n “I”: Aorist avan, present ávan or ávëan, future avuvan > auvan, past avanen or aunen, perfect avávien. In one version, the forms ávëan and avanen are marked as poetic or archaic.) NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID avaquétima. SAYING eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, proverbial dictum, quotation) –Silm:436, WJ:370, LT2:348, WJ:392 -
3 TOE
taltil (taltill-) (said to be the word for toe in "ordinary language", VT47:10). The term nútil (nútill-, pl. nútilli given), "under-point", is also used to mean "toe". BIG TOE taltol, also tolbo (read perhaps *tolvo in the more usual form of Quenya). The word atto, atya, basically "daddy", is said to be used for "big toe" (and "thumb") in children's play, like the word nettë (prob. netti-) "sister" is said to be used for "fourth toe" (or "fourth finger", or even referring to the ninth digit when both hands/feet are considered). The word selyë "daughter" was also introduced as a name for the fourth finger/toe (counting from the big toe/thumb) in children's play (VT47:10), but Tolkien apparendly abandoned it (VT47:15). The terms yonyo "big boy, son" and tolyo (also tollo) "stricker-up" could be used of the middle finger or toe. The word winimo "baby" (exilic *vinimo) was used for "little finger" or "little toe".-VT47:10-12, 15, 26, VT48:6 -
4 SMALL
níca, *nincë (said to have "good senses"; the latter is given in the archaic form "ninki" and would therefore have the stem-form ninci-), nípa, *nimpë (said to be used "usually with connotation of weakness"; the latter adj. is given in the archaic form nimpi and would therefore have the stem-form nimpi-), pitya (the latter is never translated by Tolkien, but Pitya-naucor is glossed "petty-dwarves", and pica "small spot" must be derived from the same root.) In one compound, Tolkien seemingly changed pitya to nitya (see PM:365, VT48:15). Cf. also nauca, an adjective "especially applied to things that though in themselves full-grown were smaller or shorter than their kind, and were hard, twisted, or ill-shapen." LT1:256 has an adjective inya "small", but this is probably not a valid word in LotR-style Quenya (in which language *inya may mean "my, mine".) –VT48:18, VT47:26, PIK, WJ:389, 413 -
5 GREAT
túra (big), hoa (large), (great in size:) alta (large) (The form alat- is used in compounds when the next word has an initial vowel, as in Alatairë. Tolkien's gloss of alta, alat- was actually illegible, and I give the root meaning of the stem ÁLAT. The meaning of the Quenya word cannot differ too widely from it, for Alatairë is said to correspond to "Noldorin" Belegoer [in LotR-style Sindarin Belegaer], The Great Sea.) – An early [TLT] word for "great", velicë, is possibly obsolete in LotR-style Quenya: In LT1:254 velicë is said to correspond to Gnomish beleg, but according to LR:352 the stem from which beleg is derived is "not found in Q[uenya]". In post-LotR material the words velca, velcë briefly turned up, apparently meaning “large, great, big”, but Tolkien rejected these forms as well.) –PE17:115, ÁLAT, cf. BEL, cf. Silm:428, LT1:254 -
6 WITH
For the purpose of Neo-Quenya writing, the best translation of "with" (in the sense of "together with") is probably \#as, attested with a pronominal suffix (see below). A string of various prepositional elements meaning "with" are attested, but all are probably not meant to coexist in the same form of Quenya; rather Tolkien often changed his mind about the details. The preposition lé, le found in early material (QL:52) is probably best avoided in LotR-style Quenya (in which langauge le is rather the pronoun "you"). Tolkien later seems to be experimenting with yo and ó/o as words for "with"; yo hildinyar in SD:56 probably means *"with my heirs", and VT43:29 reproduces a table where various pronouns are suffixed to ó-, probably meaning "with" (óni *"with me", ólë *"with you", etc.) In the essay Quendi and Eldar, Tolkien assigns a dual meaning to ó- as a prefix; it was used "in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units" (WJ:367; cf. 361 regarding the underlying stem WO, said to be a dual adverb "together"). The plural equivalent of dual ó- is yo- (as in yomenië, WJ:407 cf. 361 regarding the underlying root JŌ), and it may seem to be this yo that occurs as an independent preposition in yo hildinyar in SD:56. The idea that ó- is a distinctly dual form does not appear in all sources; in VT43:29 we have forms like *ómë *"with us", implying at least three persons. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya rendering of the Hail Mary, he experimented with various prepositional elements for the phrase "with thee" (see VT43:29). A form carelyë was replaced with aselyë in the final version. Removing the ending -lyë "thee" and the connecting vowel before it leaves us with \#as as the word (or a word) for "with"; this is ultimately related to the conjunction ar "and" (see VT43:30, 47:31). – In English, the preposition "with" may also have an instrumental force, which is best rendered by the Quenya instrumental case (e.g. *nambanen "with [= using] a hammer"). -
7 DOOM
manar, mandë (final end, fate, fortune, final bliss); umbar- (umbart-) (fate). See below concerning *anan in Rithil-Anamo. In the story of Túrin Turambar, it seems that ambar means "doom": Turambar is said to mean "Master of Doom", and Nienor even uses the word in the instrumental case: ambartanen "by doom". Similarly, LT2:348 gives ambar "Fate". But in Etym, ambar means "earth", and LotR Appendix E confirms that "fate" is umbar. DOOM RING Máhanaxar (a foreign word in Quenya, adopted and adapted from Valarin, also translated as:) Rithil-Anamo "Ring of Doom", name of the place where judgement was passed in Valinor (hence Anamo as genitive "of Doom", nominative probably *anan with stem anam-, otherwise but less likely *anama – this seems to be "doom" in the sense of judgement or juridical justice, since the root is NAM as in nam- "to judge"). –MAN/MANAD, MBARAT/VT45:5, Silm:261, 269, LotR:1157, WJ:399, WJ:401 -
8 GOLD
(the metal) malta (so in LotR – Etym has malda [stem SMAL], but cf. the archaic form smalta mentioned under LAWAR); GOLD laurë (= "not the metal but the colour, what we should call golden light", Letters:308, "of light and colour, not of the metal", Silm:433, "not a metallic word. It was applied to those things which we often call 'golden' though they do not much resemble metallic gold: golden light, especially sunlight", RGEO:70, “golden light”, VT49:47, "a word for golden light or colour, never used for the metal", PM:353, "light of the golden Tree Laurelin", LR:368; a "mystic name" of gold, LT1:255 [possibly a notion Tolkien later abandoned]; in LT1:258 and LT2:341 the gloss is simply "gold".) RED GOLD †cullo (obsoleting culu in LT2:341? In LT1:255 culu is said to be a poetic word for "gold", but also used mythically as a name of all red and yellow metals), GOLDEN laurëa (pl laurië is attested; LT1:258 has laurina), GOLDEN-RED culda, culina (flame-coloured); (cf. Silm. Appendix: "cul- 'golden-red' in Culúrien") –LotR:1157/SMAL, Letters:308/RGEO:70/LAWAR, KUL, RGEO:70/Nam, Silm:429 -
9 HAND
má (pl. allative mannar "into...hands" is attested in FS; the long á evidently becomes short a before a consonant cluster).The plural of má is máli, the dual is mát (VT47:6). For maqua as a colloquial term for "hand", and its secondary meanings, see separate entry HAND-FULL. The term palta is used of "the flat of the hand, the hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed (with fingers and thumb closed or spread" (VT47:9). Individual hand-names: forma "right hand", hyarma "left hand" (VT47:6, VT49:12). Other terms for "hand": nonda (said to mean "hand, especially in [?clutching]"; Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible, VT47:23), quárë (this is properly "fist", but was often used for "hand" – see FIST); HOLLOW OF HAND cambë (also used simply = “hand”, as in cambeya “his hand”, VT49:17). A variant of this, camba, is in VT47:7 defined as "the whole hand, but as flexed, with fingers more or less closed, cupped, in the attitude of receiving or holding". HAND-LINK, see WRIST. Adj. HAVING HANDS mavoitë; HANDY, HANDED maitë (stem *maiti-) (skilled) (pl. maisi. When maitë is the final element of names, it is translated "handed" instead of "handy", e.g. Angamaitë "Iron-handed", morimaitë "blackhanded") For other "handed"-related terms, see HEAVYHAND(ED). Compound LANGUAGE OF THE HANDS mátengwië –MA3/LT2:339/VT39:10, FS, VT47:6, 9, 23, KWAR/Silm:429, KAB, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425, LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, UT:460, VT47:9 -
10 NAME
(noun) essë (pl. essi is attested, but see below concerning \#esser as a possible alternative pl. form. Note: the word essë was also used in the sense "person as a whole", body and soul.) AFTER-NAME epessë (i.e., "a nickname – mostly given as a title of admiration or honour"); MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT) \#amilessë (tercenya) (i.e. names given by Elvish mothers to their children, indicating some dominant feature of the nature of the child as perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi tercenyë is attested.) NAME OF INSIGHT \#essë tercenya (i.e., the same as "mother-name"; only pl essi tercenyë is attested); GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi is attested. This term includes both "after-names" and "mother-names".) NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a child announces its name), NAME-CHOOSING Essecilmë (an Eldarin seremony in which a person chooses a name according to his or her personal lámatyávë or sound-taste); SELF-NAME \#cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is attested, said to mean more literally "names of personal choice": \#cilmë "choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some among the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to their own deeds and personal history: such names were called kilmessi 'self-names'.") PLACE NAME \#nómessë (isolated from the gen. pl. form nómesseron, "of place-names", VT42:17. This word suggests that the plural of essë can be esser as well as essi). –ES/LotR:1157/MR:216, UT:266, MR:217, 214, VT42:17 (verb) esta- –ES, VT45:12 -
11 BETWEEN
1) imbi (dual imbë). This is "between" referring to a gap, space, barrier, or anything intervening between two other things, like or unlike one another. The pluralized form imbi implies "among" of several things (ancalima imbi eleni "brightest among stars"); "in the sense 'among' before plurals [imbë] is usually pluralized > imbi even when a plural noun follows". As pointed out by Patrick Wynne, imbi may also be used in the sense of "between" before two singular nouns connected by "and" (as in the example imbi Menel Cemenyë "between heaven and earth"), whereas imbë is used before dual forms, as in the examples imbë siryat "between two rivers", imbë met "between us". Elided imb' is attested in the phrase imb' illi "among all". The form imbit is said to be a "dualized form" expressing "between two things" when "these are not named" (VT47:30), apparently implying that imbit by itself means *"between the two", with no noun following. 2) enel (used for "between" = "at the central position in a row, list, series, etc. but also applied to the case of three persons" [VT47:11]. This preposition refers to the position of a thing between others of the same kind). 3) mitta- (does the final hyphen suggest that the latter form is used as prefix, somewhat like *"inter-"?) –Nam/RGEO:67, VT47:11, 30; VT43:30 -
12 CAPE
mundo (nose, snout), stem *mundu- given the primitive form mbundu. (Note: mundo also means "ox", and as such the word may not have a distinct stem-form.) CAPE (OF LAND) nortil (stem *nortill-), said to be "only used of the ends of promontories or other seaward projections that were relatively sharp and spike-like". –MBUD, VT47:28 -
13 SPIRIT
fëa (= the spirit or "soul" of an incarnate, normally housed in a body; pl fëar is attested), ëala ("being"; pl. eälar is attested. Eälar are spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a physical body, e.g. Balrogs), súlë (Þ) (earlier [MET] thúlë, Þúlë) (maybe a more "impersonal" word for spirit), manu (= departed spirit; LT1:260 has mánë), fairë (= spirit in general, as opposed to matter, or a phantom or disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape. Pl. fairi is attested), vilissë (a "Qenya" word maybe not valid in LotR-style Quenya). A person's "spirit" meaning his or her general personality and attitude may be expressed by the word órë, in LotR defined as "heart, inner mind" (q.v.), cf. PM:337, where it is said that "there dwelt in her [Galadriel] the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl. Nermir is attested. The Nermir are "fays of the meads".) HOLY SPIRIT airefëa (other version: fairë aista; both versions are attested with the dative ending -n attached). SPIRIT-IMPULSE fëafelmë (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate). –MR:349, 218, 165; cf. Silm:431; LotR:1157, MAN, MC:223, MR:349, GL:23, LT1:260, VT43:36-37, VT44:17, VT41:19 cf. 13 -
14 STAR
elen (normal pl eleni, but occasionally †eldi in verse; allative elenna and pl ablative elenillor are attested), †él (pl. éli is mentioned), tinwë (properly = sparkle), ílë. (Note: in Etym elen is said to be poetic, but Tolkien later concluded that elen was "the normal word for a star on the actual firmanent", the poetic word being él instead. According to MR:388, a tinwë was one of the "apparent stars" on Varda's simulacrum covering Valinor, also called nillë or "silver glint". Etym mentions the words ellen and elena without glossing them, but according to Silm:431 elena is an adjective meaning "of the stars".) TWINKLING STAR tingilya, tingilindë, HAVING MANY STARS lintitinwë; STARLIKE elvëa (pl. elvië is attested); STARWARDS elenna (Elenna or Elennanórë, "the land named Starwards", a name of Númenor); STARLIGHT silmë (light of Silpion); STARCROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil) Elerrína (so in Silm:42; Etym has Elerína); STAR-QUEEN (=Varda), STARLIT DUSK, STARRY TWILIGHT tindómë; FLASHING OR [?STARRY] LIGHT élë See also *STELLAR. The word Tintánië is glossed STARMAKER as another title of Varda, but it is also interpreted as an abstract STARMAKING. –EL, Silm:313, MC:222 cf. 215, TIN, WJ:362, UT:317, LotR:1157, LT1:269, MC:223, Silm:42, DOMO, Silm:438, VT45:12, TAN/VT46:17 -
15 FAIR
(1) (adjective) vanima (beautiful, proper, right), vanë, melima, linda (the last word = fair/beautiful of sound, VT45:27); FAIR FOLK Vanimo (pl. Vanimor is given but seems perfectly regular; the word is said to apply to the "children of the Valar"). FAIR-MINDED faila (generous, just), NOT FAIR úvanima (ugly) FAIRWAY (= navigable channel for ships) londë (road in sea). –BAN/VT39:14, LT1:272, MEL, SLIN, PM:352, VT39:14, VT45:28 (2) (noun): Carl F. Hostetter suggests that the untranslated word parma-restalyanna means *”upon your book-fair”, pointing to \#resta as a word for “fair” in this sense. The word is elsewhere defined as “field” (q.v.), and the word may refer to a “fair” held in a field, though Hostetter also suggests a possible connection with ré “day” (VT49:39-40). -
16 FURTHER, FURTHERMORE
(adv.) entë (moreover, what is more). The word an may also be used = ”moreover, furthermore, and so – for, to proceed”, but an would often imply “for”, introducing the reason for what has already been said. –VT47:15, VT49:19Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > FURTHER, FURTHERMORE
-
17 MONSTER
ulundo, úvanimo (creature of Melkor). In LT1:236, Úvanimor are said to be "monsters, giants, and ogres". See also ORC. –ÚLUG, BAN/LT1:272/VT45:7 -
18 MUMMY
(affectionate form of "mother") emmë, emya (for emenya *"my mother"), also emil(inya) "(my) mother", said to be the terms a child would use to address his or her mother. (In UT:191 the form mamil occurs, used by a child but not in address.) The words emmë, emya were also used in children's play for "index finger" and "index toe" –VT47:10, 26, VT48:4 -
19 SELF-NAME
\#cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is attested, said to mean more literally "names of personal choice": \#cilmë "choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some among the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to their own deeds and personal history: such names were called kilmessi 'self-names'.") -
20 SERPENT
lócë (snake, dragon; "so do the Eldar name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85). The word foalócë is said to be a "name of a serpent that guarded a treasure". The word is not capitalized, so this "name" must be a common noun and not a proper name. –LOK, LT2:340
Страницы
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Said ibn Aamir al-Jumahi — ( ar. سعيد بن عامر الجماحي) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Governor of Homs in Syria during the caliphate of Umar. As a youth he was among the thousands who left for Tanim on the outskirts of Mecca at the invitation of the… … Wikipedia
Said Ibrahim Ben Ali — (1911 1975) was the chief minister of The Comoros from 2 April 1970 16 July 1972. He was part of the Said family, including other Comorian politicians like Said Mohamed Jaffar, Said Atthoumani, and Said Ali Kemal.ource … Wikipedia
And Maggie Makes Three — The Simpsons episode … Wikipedia
Said-Khasanom Abumuslimov — Dr. Said Khasanom Abumuslimov (also spelled Sait Khassan Abumuslimov and Said Hassan Abumuslimov) is a historian, writer and publicist. In the years 1996–1997 he was acting vice president of the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria under acting … Wikipedia
Said Muhammad Husayn Qahtani — is a citizen of Saudi Arabia, held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba. [http://www.dod.mil/news/May2006/d20060515%20List.pdf list of prisoners (.pdf)] , US Department of Defense , May 15 2006] … Wikipedia
Said Mohammed — is a citizen of Afghanistan, held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba. [http://www.defenselink.mil/news/May2006/d20060515%20List.pdf list of prisoners (.pdf)] , US Department of Defense , May 15 … Wikipedia
Said Ibrahim Ramzi Al Zahrani — is a citizen of Saudi Arabia held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba. [http://www.dod.mil/news/May2006/d20060515%20List.pdf list of prisoners] , US Department of Defense , May 15 2006] His… … Wikipedia
Said Akl — Said Akl(4, July,1912) (Also transliterated Said Aql and Saeed Akl) is a prominent Lebanese poet, writer and ideologue, He was born in Zahle and is considered to be, one of the most important modern Lebanese poets.He was known for his radical… … Wikipedia
Said faiq — is Professor of Translation Intercultural Studies. He has worked in Africa, the Middle East and Europe practicing in translation and intercultural briefing for 16 years. Currently, Said is employed at the American University of Sharjah in United… … Wikipedia
Said Aburish — Said K. Aburish ( ar. سعيد أبو ريش) (born 1935, al Eizariya) is a Palestinian journalist and writer.BiographyAfter attending school in Jerusalem and Beirut, he studied at university in the United States. He returned to Beirut in the 1950s as a… … Wikipedia
Said-Magomed Kakiyev — Said Magomed Shamaevich Kakiyev ( ru. Саид Магомед Шамаевич Какиев, also spelled Kakiev; born 22 February 1970) is the leader of the GRU Spetsnaz Special Battalion West ( Zapad ), a pro Moscow Chechen military force. Inside Chechnya his men are… … Wikipedia
