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  • 121 резать

    гл.;
    1. to cut; 2. to slit; 3. to slash; 4. to shred; 5. to chop, to chop up; 6. to clip; 7. to prune; 8. to trim; 9. to carve; 10. to pierce; 11. to mow
    Глагол резать дает общее название действия, без различия самого характера действия, инструмента или объекта, на которое оно направлено. Характер действия в русском языке передается приставками, например: подрезать, разрезать, обрезать, и словосочетаниями с глаголом резать или другими глаголами. В английском языке характер действия, его объект и инструмент диктуют употребление разных глаголов.
    1. to cut — резать, разрезать, обрезать (нет уточнения, как производится действие): to cut bread (cheese) — резать хлеб (сыр); to cut meat — резать мясо/ нарезать мясо; to cut one's finger — порезать палец; to cut oneself— пopезаться; to cut a slice of bread (cake, meat) — отрезать ломтик хлеба (кусок торта, кусочек мяса); to cut smth into two (into three) parts — разрезать что-либо на две (на три) части I have cut myself badly while shaving. — Я сильно порезался во время бритья. This knife is blunt it won't cut. — Этот нож тупой, он не режет. The icy wind cut me to the bones. — Ледяной ветер пронизывал меня до костей. She went to cut some flowers. — Она пошла срезать немного цветов.
    2. to slit — разрезать вдоль, разрезать полосами, делать разрез, нарезать узкими полосками (сделать тонкий, узкий надрез в чем-либо, обыкновенно для того, чтобы этот предмет раскрыть): to slit open an envelope — вскрыть конверт; to slit a man's throat — перерезать человеку горло; to slit cloth into strips — нарезать материю узкими полосками When the zipper on my jeans broke, I had to slit them up the side to get litem off. — Когда на моих джинсах испортилась молния, мне пришлось разрезать их по бокам, чтобы снять. He slit the envelope open with a knife and took out the letter. — Он надрезал конверт ножом и вынул письмо.
    3. to slash — порезать, полосовать, глубоко разрезать, глубоко ринить (разрезать быстрым движением, используя нож, обыкновенно для того, чтобы нанести ущерб или повредить что-либо): He slashed the priceless picture with a knife. — Он разрезал бесценную картину ножом. The drunk had slashed him across the face with a broken bottle. — Пьяный поранил ему лицо, ударив его разбитой бутылкой. I wouldn't leave your car there, unless you want to have your tyres slashed. — Я бы не оставлял там машину, если, конечно, вы не хотите, чтобы вам прокололи шины.
    4. to shred — резать на полоски, разрезать на полоски, измельчать, шинковать ( овощи): Add some salt and oil to the cabbage after it has been shredded. — Добавь немного соли и масла в нашинкованную капусту. The salad consists of some shredded lettuce and cabbage. — В салат входят нарезанный латук и нашинкованная капуста.
    5. to chop, to chop up — резать, рубить (что-либо, например, овощи сечкой или дерево топором на более мелкие части), нарезать ( кусками), нарубить: Не took his axe and went out to the backyard to chop some wood. — Он взял топор и пошел во двор, чтобы наколоть дров. Chop this onion up for meal, will you? — Пожалуйста, нарежь эту луковицу к мясу. She was chopping vegetables in the kitchen. — Она резала овощи на кухне. Do not add chopped meat until the oil is very hot. — Сильно разогрейте масло в сковороде и только потом положите крупно нарезанное мясо.
    6. to clip — обрезать, укорачивать, стричь, подрезать, отрезать, подстригать (обычно ножницами, придавая определенную форму): to clip the hedge — подровнять изгородь/подрезать изгородь; to clip one's nails — подстригать ногти; to clip a cigar — обрезать кончик сигары (ножницами);
    7. to prune — обрезать, подрезать ( ветки и сучья у деревьев). подстригать ( кусты), формировать ( крону деревьев): Spring is the best time to prune overgrown shnibs. — Заросшие кусты лучше всего обрезать весной. The rose bush was not pruned this year, so I doubt if we are going to have many flowers. — Кусты роз в этом году не обрезали, и я боюсь цветов будет мало.
    8. to trim — подрезать, подстригать, подравнивать (кусты, деревья или волосы, чтобы придать им определенный вид): Do you have lime to trim the edges of the lawn before you go? — У тебя до твоего ухода есть время, чтобы подровнять края лужайки? My father would spend hours before a mirror trimming his beard. — Отец часами стоял у зеркала, подравнивая бороду/Отец часами стоял у зеркала, подстригая бороду. Could you just trim my hair and thin it out on top. — Подравняйте мне волосы и снимите немного на макушке.
    9. to carve — резать ( большой кусок вареного мяса на куски большим ножом для подачи на стол), вырезать (из целого куска дерева, камня, породы): Не carved the beef thinly and evenly. — Он нарезал мясо тонкими ровными кусками. Remove the meal from the pan, carve it into slices and arrange it on a hot servingdish. — Снимите мясо со сковороды, нарежьте его кусками и уложите на блюдо. Не carved a statue of a pagan god out of a log. — Он вырезал из бревна статую языческого божества. She carved his name on her school desk. — Она вырезала его имя на школьной парте. The river has carved some spectacular gorges. — Река прорезана несколько красивых ушелий./Река размыла несколько красивых ущелий.
    10. to pierce — прорезать, пронзить, проколоть, продырявить ( сделать маленькое отверстие чем-либо острым): One of museum exhibits is a skull pierced by a spear. — Одним из музейных экспонатов является череп, проткнутый/пронзенный копьем. She came to have her ears pierced. — Она пришла, чтобы ей прокололи уши.
    11. to mow — резать, срезать, подрезать, косить ( траву): It is time to mow his lawn again. — Ему пора подстричь траву на лужайке. Tom spent the whole afternoon mowing the grass and sweeping up the leaves. — Том провел весь день, подстригая траву и сгребая листья.

    Русско-английский объяснительный словарь > резать

  • 122 Napier, Robert

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 18 June 1791 Dumbarton, Scotland
    d. 23 June 1876 Shandon, Dunbartonshire, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish shipbuilder one of the greatest shipbuilders of all time, known as the "father" of Clyde shipbuilding.
    [br]
    Educated at Dumbarton Grammar School, Robert Napier had been destined for the Church but persuaded his father to let him serve an apprenticeship as a blacksmith under him. For a while he worked in Edinburgh, but then in 1815 he commenced business in Glasgow, the city that he served for the rest of his life. Initially his workshop was in Camlachie, but it was moved in 1836 to a riverside factory site at Lancefield in the heart of the City and again in 1841 to the Old Shipyard in the Burgh of Govan (then independent of the City of Glasgow). The business expanded through his preparedness to build steam machinery, beginning in 1823 with the engines for the paddle steamer Leven, still to be seen a few hundred metres from Napier's grave in Dumbarton. His name assured owners of quality, and business expanded after two key orders: one in 1836 for the Honourable East India Company; and the second two years later for the Royal Navy, hitherto the preserve of the Royal Dockyards and of the shipbuilders of south-east England. Napier's shipyard and engine shops, then known as Robert Napier and Sons, were to be awarded sixty Admiralty contracts in his lifetime, with a profound influence on ship and engine procurement for the Navy and on foreign governments, which for the first time placed substantial work in the United Kingdom.
    Having had problems with hull subcontractors and also with the installation of machinery in wooden hulls, in 1843 Napier ventured into shipbuilding with the paddle steamer Vanguard, which was built of iron. The following year the Royal Navy took delivery of the iron-hulled Jackall, enabling Napier to secure the contract for the Black Prince, Britain's second ironclad and sister ship to HMS Warrior now preserved at Portsmouth. With so much work in iron Napier instigated studies into metallurgy, and the published work of David Kirkaldy bears witness to his open-handedness in assisting the industry. This service to industry was even more apparent in 1866 when the company laid out the Skelmorlie Measured Mile on the Firth of Clyde for ship testing, a mile still in use by ships of all nations.
    The greatest legacy of Robert Napier was his training of young engineers, shipbuilders and naval architects. Almost every major Scottish shipyard, and some English too, was influenced by him and many of his early foremen left to set up rival establishments along the banks of the River Clyde. His close association with Samuel Cunard led to the setting up of the company now known as the Cunard Line. Napier designed and engined the first four ships, subcontracting the hulls of this historic quartet to other shipbuilders on the river. While he contributed only 2 per cent to the equity of the shipping line, they came back to him for many more vessels, including the magnificent paddle ship Persia, of 1855.
    It is an old tradition on the Clyde that the smokestacks of ships are made by the enginebuilders. The Cunard Line still uses red funnels with black bands, Napier's trademark, in honour of the engineer who set them going.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knight Commander of the Dannebrog (Denmark). President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1864. Honorary Member of the Glasgow Society of Engineers 1869.
    Further Reading
    James Napier, 1904, The Life of Robert Napier, Edinburgh, Blackwood.
    J.M.Halliday, 1980–1, "Robert Napier. The father of Clyde shipbuilding", Transactions of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 124.
    Fred M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde. A History of Clyde Shipbuilding, Cambridge: PSL.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Napier, Robert

  • 123 اتجاه

    اِتِّجاه \ attitude: a way of thinking or behaving: What is your attitude to employing female teachers?. bearings: direction, where one is in relation to other places: He lost his bearings in the desert and wandered about helplessly. Let me get my bearings and I’ll find the right road course. direction: the way that sb. or sth. goes: He went in the wrong direction. line: a course; a direction: One road follows the line of the river; the other follows the coastline. track: the course that is taken when one is tracking, the course that is being followed in any planned action: I think she’s on the right track. trend: the general direction of a change: a trend towards greater freedom for women. way: a direction: Which is the way to London? I’ve lost my way. It’s a long way away (it’s far away). Please lead the way (Please go in front). \ See Also ناحية (ناحِيَة)، مثيل (مَثيل)، وجهة (وِجْهَة)، سَبِيل \ الاتِّجاه المُعَاكِس \ reverse: (of a machine) going backwards: He put his car into reverse. \ بِاتِّجاه \ on: (showing a direction) towards: She turned her back on me. His eyes were on the door. towards: in the direction of: My window faced towards the east. \ بِاتِّجاه الخَلْف \ in reverse gear: going backwards (in the reverse direction). \ بِاتِّجاه الشَّرْق \ east: in or towards the direction in which the sun rises: We flew east for several hours. eastwards: towards the east. \ بِاتِّجاه الشَّمَال \ northward(s): towards the north. \ بِاتِّجاه عقارب الساعة \ clockwise: in the direction taken by the hands of a clock: To open this lock, turn the key clockwise (or in a clockwise direction). \ بِاتِّجاه مجرَى النَّهْر \ downstream: (moving) in the way the water flows, towards the mouth of a river, etc.: I threw a stick into the water and watched it float downstream.

    Arabic-English dictionary > اتجاه

  • 124 استخدم

    اِسْتَخْدَمَ \ apply: to put sth. on or into use (force, rules, etc.): Apply as much force as is necessary. employ: to give work to: My firm employs 300 men, to use: She employed every trick that she knew in the hope of getting what she wanted. engage: to give a job to: The school has engaged two new teachers. exercise: to make active use of (one’s mind, a power or right): Exercise a little more patience, please. exploit: to develop; make full use of (things that nature provides: forests, oil, coal, etc.): We can make electricity by exploiting the force of the river. take: to use; follow: We took the train to London. You took the wrong road. Don’t go! You should take this chance of a new job. take on: to give employment to: My company has taken on three new clerks. use: to employ (sth.) for a purpose; do sth. with: We use cups for drinking. I had to use force to open the door. utilize: to make use of (sth. that one has): Coal, oil and gas are all utilized as means of power. \ See Also شغل (شَغَّلَ)، وظف (وَظَّفَ)، استثمر (اِسْتَثْمَر)‏ \ اِسْتَخْدَمَ بِبَرَاعة (أداة، سُلْطة، إلخ)‏ \ wield: old use to use or handle effectively (an axe, sword, power, etc.). \ اِسْتَخْدَمَ الآلة بدلاً من الإنسان \ mechanize: to supply with machines; use machines for (instead of using men, horses, etc.): mechanized farming. \ اِسْتَخْدَمَ علامات الفصل والوقف في الكتابة \ punctuate: to put the stops (?;. etc.) into writing. \ اِسْتَخْدَمَ كَـ \ act as: to be useful for; be used as: The fallen tree acted as a bridge across the river.

    Arabic-English dictionary > استخدم

  • 125 طريق

    طَرِيق \ course: a line of action to be followed: He was given a course of treatment for disease. Your best course is to wait for an answer. key: sth. that provides an answer, or a way to gain sth.: Hard work is the key to success. passage: passing; way: Fallen rocks blocked our passage. procedure: a regular or official way of doing things: What’s the usual procedure at an election?. process: a course of action, a course of change: Coal was formed out of forests by chemical processes. road: a track with a hard surface, suitable for cars, etc.: a main road; the road to London. route: the way that one takes from one place to another: Which is the safest route up the mountain?. street: a road in a town (or the main road in a village), with buildings beside it: Side streets lead from a main street into the back streets. tack: the course that is taken when one is tacking, the course that is being followed in any planned action: I think she’s on the right tack. track: a rough road or path: a cart track; a mountain track; a railway track (the ground on which the line is laid, or the line itself). way: a road: highway; motorway, a direction Which is the way to London? I’ve lost my way. It’s a long way away (it’s far away) Please lead the way (Please go in front). \ See Also طَريقَة عَمَلِيَّة، خطة (خُطَّة)، سَبيل، مفتاح (مِفْتاح)، درب (دَرْب)، مرور (مُرور)، مِنْهاج سَيْر العَمَل \ بِطَريقٍ مُتَشابهة \ similarly: in the same way: They were similarly dressed. \ طَرِيق تُرابِيّ \ path: (also footpath, pathway) a track made by people’s feet, across open ground; a way made for people to walk along: a path over the fields; a garden path. \ طَرِيق جَانِبيّ \ bypass: a road that avoids a town by passing round it. \ طَرِيق خاصّة \ drive: a private road to a house. \ طَرِيق سيارات سريع \ motorway, freeway: a broad road with limited entrances, for fast travel over a long distance, which goes over or under all other roads. \ See Also رئيسي (رئيسيّ)‏ \ طَرِيق ضيّق \ lane: a narrow road in the country. path: also footpath, pathway) a track made by people’s feet, across open ground; a way made for people to walk along: a path over the fields; a garden path. \ طَرِيق عامّ \ highway: a main road; any public road. \ See Also رئيس( رئيسسريع( سريع)‏ \ طَرِيق فَرْعِيٌّ \ byroad: an unimportant road; a side road. \ See Also خاص (خَاصّ)‏ \ طَرِيق مائيّ \ waterway: a river or canal along which boats can travel. \ طَرِيق مُخْتَصَرَة \ short cut: a way between two places that shortens the distance: Instead of following the road, we took a short cut across the fields, a quicker way of doing sth. I can add the numbers up in my head, but using a calculating machine is a short cut. \ طَرِيق مُسَفْلَتة \ tarmac: Tarred surface: The aircraft landed smoothly on the tarmac.

    Arabic-English dictionary > طريق

  • 126 واسع

    وَاسِع \ baggy: hanging in loose folds; not tight: a baggy pair of trousers. broad: wide: a broad river. catholic: (of likings, pleasures etc.) wide; general: a man of catholic interests. extensive: wide; stretching far: an extensive knowledge of radio; an extensive view from the window. large: big (in size or amount; not usu. used of a person): He needs a large car for his big family. loose: not tight: loose clothes. roomy: made with plenty of space: a roomy car, suitable for a large family. vast: very large: a vast ocean. wide: measuring a lot from side to side; broad: a wide road; a river 200 feet wide; a wide knowledge of art. \ See Also فضفاض (فَضْفَاض)، متهدل (مُتَهَدِّل)‏ \ وَاسِع الاطّلاع \ well-read: having learnt much from a variety of books. \ وَاسِع الأُفُق \ broad: (of opinions) open and generous in judgement: a broad mind. broad-minded: understanding and accepting different points of view in other people: I don’t smoke myself, but I’m quite broad-minded about it. \ وَاسِع الانتشار \ widespread: to spread over a wide area; found in many places: a widespread disease; a widespread belief. \ وَاسِع الثَّقافَة \ wise: having wide knowledge; learned: a wise old teacher at the university. \ See Also الاطّلاع \ وَاسِع الحيلَة \ resourceful: clever at dealing with difficulties. \ وَاسِع الخَيَال \ imaginative: showing active imagination: imaginative writing; an imaginative child. \ وَاسِع الصَّدْر \ good-tempered: not easily annoyed.

    Arabic-English dictionary > واسع

  • 127 sa

    1) adv at hand
    2) adv in front of
    3) n river bank: low
    4) n sea shore
    5) n shore: sea
    6) n ca n
    7) n bank: low river
    8) n saha n g x
    9) n sapo n
    10) n elder sister
    11) n sister: elder
    12) n saha n g x
    13) n plain (meadow)
    14) vi spread out
    15) vi exposed
    16) vi open

    Ainu-English dictionary > sa

  • 128 переход через реки траншейным методом

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > переход через реки траншейным методом

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