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altitudo

Толкование Перевод

1 altitudo

altĭtūdo, dĭnis, f. [altus], height or depth (cf. alo, p. a. init.).
I.
Height, altitude (syn.: altum, cacumen, culmen, vertex, apex).
A.
Lit.:
altitudinem temperato,
Cato, R. R. 22, 23:
altitudo aedium,
Cic. Off. 3, 16:
montium,
id. Agr. 2, 19; Vulg. Isa. 37, 24:
in hac immensitate altitudinum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20:
navis,
Caes. B. G. 4, 25:
muri,
Nep. Them. 6, 5:
moenium,
Tac. H. 3, 20; so absol.:
fore altitudines, quas cepissent hostes (sc. montium),
heights, Liv. 27, 18.—
B.
Trop., height, loftiness:
elatio atque altitudo orationis,
Cic. Brut. 17:
fortunae et gloriae,
id. Rab. Post. 16:
animi,
greatness of soul, nobleness of mind, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; so Liv. 4, 6 fin.; Gell. 17, 2 et saep.—
II.
Depth (syn.: altum, profundum).
A.
Lit.:
spelunca infinitā altitudine,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48; so id. ib. 2, 5, 27; id. Div. 1, 43:
fluminis,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17:
maris,
id. ib. 4, 25:
terrae,
Vulg. Matt. 13, 5; ib. Marc. 4, 5:
plagae,
Cels. 7, 7, § 9.—
B.
Trop., depth, extent (eccl. Lat.):
O altitudo divitiarum sapientiae et scientiae Dei,
Vulg. Rom. 11, 33.—Spec., depth of soul, secrecy, reserve, Gr bathutês: exercenda est facilitas et altitudo animi, quae dicitur, i. e. a serenity or calmness that conceals the real feelings, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88.—In mal. part.:
ad simulanda negotia altitudo ingenii incredibilis,
Sall. J. 95, 3:
per illos dies egit altitudine animi,
Tac. A. 3, 44; id. H. 4, 86:
altitudines Satanae,
deep plots, Vulg. Apoc. 2, 24.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > altitudo
2 altitūdō

altitūdō dinis, f [altus], height, altitude: aedium: montium: muri, N.: altitudines, heights, L.: in altitudinem pedum LXXX, Cs.—Meton., depth: spelunca infinitā altitudine: maris, Cs.— Fig., height, elevation, loftiness: orationis: gloriae: animi, nobleness, L. — Depth, reserve: animi, i. e. serenity: ingeni, secrecy, S.
* * *

altitudinis N F

height, altitude; depth; loftiness, profundity, noblemindedness, secrecy

Latin-English dictionary > altitūdō
3 obficio

offĭcĭo ( obf-), ēci, ectum, 3, v. n. and a. [ob-facio], to come in the way of, to hinder, oppose, thwart, obstruct (class.; syn. obsto).
I.
Lit.
(α).
Neutr.:
nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole: offecerat videlicet apricanti,
hindered him from sunning himself, stood before him so as to intercept the sunshine, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92: luminibus, to obstruct one's light:
jus vel altius tollendi aedes aut non tollendi, ne luminibus vicini officiatur,
Gai. Inst. 2, 31; Dig. 8, 2, 2; 10; 23;
39, 1, 5 et saep.—So, in a fig.: nec mentis quasi luminibus officit altitudo fortunae et gloriae,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:
demoliri ea, quorum altitudo officeret auspiciis,
id. Off. 3, 16, 66:
ipsa umbra terrae soli officiens noctem efficit,
intervening before, id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:
cum alii in angustiis ipsi sibi properantes officerent,
Sall. J. 58, 6:
hostium itineri,
id. ib. 52, 6: prospectui, Auct. B. Afr. 52.—
(β).
Act. (only ante- and post-class.):
quapropter simul inter se retrahuntur et extra Officiuntur,
are impeded, Lucr. 2, 156; 4, 763; 5, 776 (iter, Auct. B. Afr. 61, is prob. a gloss).—
II.
Trop., to stand in the way of, to oppose, obstruct, to be detrimental or hurtful to, to hurt (cf.:
obsisto, adversor, noceo): promitto tibi non offerturum,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 97:
cur te mihi offers, ac meis commodis, officio simulato, officis et obstas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; cf. id. ib. 2, 6:
consiliis alicujus,
Sall. C. 27, 4:
timor animi auribus officit,
id. ib. 58, 2:
nomini, i. e. famae, Liv. praef. 1: officiunt laetis frugibus herbae,
hurt by shutting off light and moisture, Verg. G. 1, 69:
lactucae officiunt claritati oculorum,
Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 68.—With quominus:
nec vero Isocrati, quominus haberetur summus orator, offecit, quod, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obficio
4 officio

offĭcĭo ( obf-), ēci, ectum, 3, v. n. and a. [ob-facio], to come in the way of, to hinder, oppose, thwart, obstruct (class.; syn. obsto).
I.
Lit.
(α).
Neutr.:
nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole: offecerat videlicet apricanti,
hindered him from sunning himself, stood before him so as to intercept the sunshine, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92: luminibus, to obstruct one's light:
jus vel altius tollendi aedes aut non tollendi, ne luminibus vicini officiatur,
Gai. Inst. 2, 31; Dig. 8, 2, 2; 10; 23;
39, 1, 5 et saep.—So, in a fig.: nec mentis quasi luminibus officit altitudo fortunae et gloriae,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:
demoliri ea, quorum altitudo officeret auspiciis,
id. Off. 3, 16, 66:
ipsa umbra terrae soli officiens noctem efficit,
intervening before, id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:
cum alii in angustiis ipsi sibi properantes officerent,
Sall. J. 58, 6:
hostium itineri,
id. ib. 52, 6: prospectui, Auct. B. Afr. 52.—
(β).
Act. (only ante- and post-class.):
quapropter simul inter se retrahuntur et extra Officiuntur,
are impeded, Lucr. 2, 156; 4, 763; 5, 776 (iter, Auct. B. Afr. 61, is prob. a gloss).—
II.
Trop., to stand in the way of, to oppose, obstruct, to be detrimental or hurtful to, to hurt (cf.:
obsisto, adversor, noceo): promitto tibi non offerturum,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 97:
cur te mihi offers, ac meis commodis, officio simulato, officis et obstas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; cf. id. ib. 2, 6:
consiliis alicujus,
Sall. C. 27, 4:
timor animi auribus officit,
id. ib. 58, 2:
nomini, i. e. famae, Liv. praef. 1: officiunt laetis frugibus herbae,
hurt by shutting off light and moisture, Verg. G. 1, 69:
lactucae officiunt claritati oculorum,
Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 68.—With quominus:
nec vero Isocrati, quominus haberetur summus orator, offecit, quod, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > officio
5 cālīgō

cālīgō inis, f [2 CAL-], a thick air, mist, vapor, fog: picea, V.: atra, V.: noctem eadem caligo obtinuit (i. e. nebula), L.: Boreas caligine tectus, i. e. dust and clouds, O.—Meton., darkness. obscurity, gloom: cum altitudo caliginem oculis obfudisset, i. e. had caused dizziness, L.: in tantā caligine, L.: obscura: caeca, V.: inter caliginis umbras, O.: caligo ac tenebrae, Cu.: quod videbam... quasi per caliginem.—Mental darkness, confusion, ignorance: illa, quam dixi: caecā mentem caligine consitus, Ct. — Calamity, affliction, gloom: caligo bonorum, tenebrae rei p.
* * *
I
caligare, caligavi, caligatus V

be dark/gloomy/misty/cloudy; have bad vision; cloud; be blinded; be/make dizzy
II
caliginis N F

mist/fog; darkness/gloom/murkiness; moral/intellectual/mental dark; dizziness

Latin-English dictionary > cālīgō
6 ex or (only before consonants) ē

ex or (only before consonants) ē praep. with abl, out of, from within (opp. in). I. In space, out of, from: signa ex urbe tollere: solem e mundo tollere: ex hoc fonticulo tantumdem sumere, H.: ex Aethiopiā Ancillula, T.: ex urbe sicarii: eius ex Africā reditus: ex Hispaniā quidam, Cs.: puer ex aulā, H.—From, down from, from off: ex speluncā saxum in crura eius incidisse: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, from horseback, Cs.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur.—Up from, above, out of: collis paululum ex planitie editus, Cs.: globum terrae eminentem e mari.—In gen., from, down from, at, in, upon: ex cruce Italiam cernere: ex equo pugnare: ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Cs.: ex hoc loco verba fecisti: ex vinculis causam dicere, L.— Esp., in adverbial phrases: ex itinere, on the march, without halting, S.: ex fugā, during the flight, Cs.: portus ex adverso urbi positus, opposite, L.: erat e regione oppidi collis, over against, Cs.: ex omni parte perfectum, entirely: aliquā ex parte incommodis mederi, in some measure: impetūs ex maximā parte servorum: e vestigio, suddenly.— II. In time, of succession, from, immediately after, directly after, after, following: Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam: tanta vilitas annonae ex inopiā consecuta est: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitem, Cs.: Aliam rem ex aliā cogitare, T.: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, day after day.—Of duration, from... onward, from, since, beginning at: ex eā die ad hanc diem: ex eo die, quo, etc.: ex certo tempore, after a fixed date: ex aeterno tempore: Motum ex Metello consule (bellum), H.: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., since, Ta.: Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Ian. magni tumultūs sint, after. —With the notion of escape or relief, from and after, from: se ex labore reficere, Cs.: ex illo metu mortis recreatus: animus ex miseriis requievit, S. — Esp., in phrases: ex tempore effutire, off hand, without reflection: ex meo tempore, for my convenience: in quibus (quaestionibus) ex tempore officium quaeritur, according to circumstances: ex intervallo consequi, after a while: ex tempore aliquo.— III. Fig., of the point of departure, away from, from, out of, of: amicitiam e vitā tollunt: e fundo eiectus, dispossessed of: agro ex hoste capto, L.: ex populo R. bona accipere, S. —Partitive uses, of a whole or class, of, out of, from among, among: alia ex hoc quaestu, i. e. trade, T.: non orator unus e multis, i. e. no common: acerrimus ex omnibus sensibus: ex primo hastato (ordine) legionis, one of the first division, Cs.: multum ex ripā colere, Ta.: altitudo puppium ex navibus, Cs. — Of the means, out of, by means of, with: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: ex caede vivunt: largiri ex alieno, L.; cf. ex iure hesterno panem vorent, dipped in, T.—Of the origin or source, from, out of, born of, arising from: bellorum causae ex rei p. contentione natae: ex pertinaciā oritur seditio: ex animo amicus, heartily.—Esp. with verbs of sense, intelligence, etc.: quā re negent, ex me non audies: ut ex amicis acceperam: ex quo intellegere posset: ut ex iis quaeratur: video ex litteris.—Of the material, of, out of: statua ex aere facta: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore: milites mixti ex conluvione gentium, L. — Of a condition or nature which is changed, from, out of: di ex hominibus facti: ex exsule consul: duas ex unā civitate discordia fecerat, L. — Of the cause, from, through, by, in consequence of, by reason of, on account of: gravida e Pamphilo, T.: infirmus ex morbo: e viā languere: ex gravitate loci volgari morbos, L.: ex illā ipsā re, for that very reason: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.: ex hac clade atrox ira, L.: ex legato timor, Ta.—From, after, on account of: cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, S.: nomen ex vitio positum, O.: urbem e suo nomine Romam iussit nominari. —Of measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with, in pursuance of, by: ex aliarum ingeniis me iudicet, T.: dies ex praeceptis tuis actus: ex consuetudine suā, Cs.: e virtute vivere: ex senatūs sententiā: ex sententiā, satisfactorily, T.: illum ex artificio comico aestimabat.—Esp., in the phrases, ex re, according to the fact, to the advantage, to profit: oratio ex re et ex causā habita: Non ex re istius, for his good, T.: garrit Ex re fabellas, apt, H.: quid tam e re p. fuit? for the public benefit: ex usu, advantageous: ex usu quod est, id persequar, T.: rem ex usu Galliae accidisse, Cs.: e re natā, according to circumstances, T.—Of manner, mostly in adverb. phrases: res ex libidine magis quam ex vero celebrare, arbitrarily... justly, S.: dicam ex animo, outright: ex composito, by agreement, L.: ex facili, with ease, Ta.— IV. In compounds, ex stands before vowels and h, and before c, p (except epoto, epotus), q, s (except escendere, escensio), t; ef (sometimes ec) before f; ē before b, d, g, i consonant, l (except exlex), m, n, v. For exs-, ex- alone is often written (exanguis for exsanguis, etc.).

Latin-English dictionary > ex or (only before consonants) ē
7 īn-fīnītus

īn-fīnītus adj. with comp, not limited, infinite, endless, boundless, unlimited: altitudo: imperium: domini infinitā potestate, L.: sin cuipiam nimis infinitum videtur, too vast: quos erat infinitum nominare, an endless task.—Innumerable, countless: occupationes, numberless engagements, N.: multitudo librorum: hominum multitudo, Cs.—Indefinite: res est infinitior: conexa, indefinite conditional sentences.

Latin-English dictionary > īn-fīnītus
8 minimus or minumus

minimus or minumus adj. sup. [3 MAN-], least, smallest, very small, minute, trifling, insignificant (used as sup. of parvus, comp. minor): nihil in rerum naturā minimum, quod dividi nequeat: ne minimo quidem casu locum relinquere, for the slightest mishap, Cs.: quā minima altitudo fluminis erat, Cs.: licentia, S.: in minimis rebus, trifles. —Prov.: minima de malis, the least among evils. —As subst n.: minimo contenti: minimum virium: unde minimum periculi erat, L.: pro minimis debere, trifles, L.—Of time, least, shortest, very short: pars temporis, a moment, Cs.—Of age, youngest, smallest: ex illis, S.: filius minimus ex tribus, L.: minimus natu horum omnium: ex his natu.—Of price and value, as subst n., the least, lowest price: minimo (emere): minimo aestimare: minimo me provocat, for a trifle, H.

Latin-English dictionary > minimus or minumus
9 mīrandus

mīrandus adj. [P. of miror], wonderful, strange, singular: mirandumne id est? T.: quo minus mirandum est homines consuluisse, S.: altitudo: mirandum est, unde, etc., the wonder is, etc., Iu.: mirandum in modum, wonderfully.

Latin-English dictionary > mīrandus
10 simulō

simulō (not similō), āvī, ātus, āre [similis], to make like, imitate, copy, represent: nimbos et fulmen, V.: Catonem, H.: artem Ingenio suo, O.: anum, assume the form of, O.: Homeri illa Minerva simulata Mentori: simulata Troia, counterfeit Troy, O.: cupressum, i. e. depict, H.; cf. aera Alexandri voltum simulantia, imaging, H.: simulat... terram Edere fetum olivae, represents the earth producing, etc., O.— To represent, feign, assume the appearance of, pretend, counterfeit, simulate: cur simulat? T.: qui te ament ex animo ac non simulent: simulandi gratiā, S.: quasi perterritus simulans, by pretending fear, Cu.: Quid est, quod amplius simuletur? T.: mortem verbis, i. e. to pretend that she was dead, T.: studium coniurationis, S.: aegrum, pretend to be sick, L.: ad simulanda negotia altitudo ingeni incredibilis, S.: eius ficti simulatique voltūs: simulatā amicitiā, Cs.: simulato vecta iuvenco, O.: ille se Tarentum proficisci cum simulasset: simulat Iove natus abire, O.: sese probos simulare, S.
* * *

simulare, simulavi, simulatus V

imitate, copy; pretend (to have/be); look like; simulate; counterfeit; feint

Latin-English dictionary > simulō
11 superō

superō āvī, ātus, āre [superus], to go over, rise above, overtop, surmount, transcend: capite et cervicibus, V.: has (turrīs) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat, Cs.: ut aqua genua vix superaret, L.: Posterior partīs superat mensura priores, O.— To go over, rise above, mount, ascend, surmount, overtop: ardua montis Per deserta iugo superans, passing over the summit, V.: (tempestas) summas ripas fluminis superavit, Cs.: munitiones, L.: montīs, V.: Caucasum, Cu.: tantum itineris, traverse, Ta.: regionem castrorum, go beyond, Cs.: insidias circa ipsum iter locatas, L.: superant (Parnasi) cacumina nubes, O.— To sail by, pass, double, weather: promunturium, L.: Euboeam, N.: cursu Isthmon, O.: Regna Liburnorum, V.—Poet.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. C.— To exceed, be in excess, overrun, be abundant, abound: in quo superare mendosum est: quae Iugurthae fesso superaverant, had been too much for, S.: superante multitudine, L.: superat gregibus dum iuventas, V.: uter igitur est divitior, cui deest an cui superat?— To be left over, remain, survive: quae superaverunt animalia capta, immolant, Cs.: quod superaret pecuniae: nihil ex raptis commeatibus superabat, L.: si de quincunce remota est Uncia, quid superat? H.: vitā, survive, Cs.: Quid puer Ascanius? superatne? V.: quid igitur superat, quod purgemus? L.—In war, to be victorious, overcome, subdue, conquer, vanquish: superavit postea Cinna cum Mario: maximas nationes, Cs.: exercitūs regios: navali praelio superati, Cs.: ferro incautum, V.: bello Asiam, N.— To extend beyond: clamor superat inde castra hostium, L.—Fig., to have the upper hand, be superior, excel, overcome, surpass: numero hostis, virtute Romanus superat, L.: superans animis, i. e. exulting, V.: hostes equitatu superare, N.: superat sententia Sabini, Cs.— To surpass, excel, exceed, outdo, outstrip, transcend: quaerit, quā se virtute Plancius superarit: doctrinā Graecia nos superabat: Phoebum canendo, V.: Duritiā ferrum, O.: cursu canem, H.: non dubitabam, quin hanc epistulam fama esset celeritate superatura, will outstrip. —To master, overcome, suppress, defeat, subdue, surmount: hanc (orationem) diligens scriptura superabit: necessitas quam ne dii quidem superant, to which not even the gods are superior, L.: superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est, V.
* * *

superare, superavi, superatus V

overcome, conquer; survive; outdo; surpass, be above, have the upper hand

Latin-English dictionary > superō
12 ad

ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
I.
As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
A.
In space.
1.
Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
a.
Horizontally:
fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,
the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:
Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;
and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
b.
In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:
duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):
ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,
Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;
ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 188:
altitudo pertingit ad caelum,
Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
c.
Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):
tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
2.
The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
a.
Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):
ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
(α).
With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:
ad Sullam adire,
id. ib. 25:
ad se adferre,
id. Verr. 4, 50:
reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,
id. ib. 5, 27:
ad laborem adhortantur,
id. de Sen. 14:
T. Vectium ad se arcessit,
id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
(β).
Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):
oratus sum venire ad te huc,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:
eamus ad me,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:
ancillas traduce huc ad vos,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:
transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,
id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:
te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,
Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
(γ).
Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:
Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:
in aedem Veneris,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;
in aedem Concordiae,
Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;
2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,
to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:
ad Opis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:
ad Castoris,
id. Quint. 17:
ad Juturnae,
id. Clu. 101:
ad Vestae,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
(δ).
With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:
postea ad pistores dabo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:
praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:
in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:
nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:
de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,
id. ib. 5, 3:
velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,
id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:
ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,
in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:
ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,
Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):
has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,
Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:
quae institueram, ad te mittam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;
and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,
Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
(ε).
With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:
miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,
Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:
ad Veios,
Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:
ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,
Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;
or when it is joined with usque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:
magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,
Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
(ζ).
With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:
nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:
Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,
Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:
Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:
ipse ad hostem vehitur,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:
aliquem ad hostem ducere,
Tac. A. 2, 52:
clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,
Verg. A. 2, 443:
munio me ad haec tempora,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18:
ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;
so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,
Cic. Off. 3, 24:
remedium ad tertianam,
Petr. Sat. 18:
munimen ad imbris,
Verg. G. 2, 352:
farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,
Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:
ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,
Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
(η).
The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:
nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:
vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,
Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
b.
The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):
via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:
rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:
cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:
ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,
Curt. 3, 9, 10:
laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,
id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:
ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,
Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,
vestis ad Seras peti,
id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:
si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:
deverberasse usque ad necem,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;
without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:
virgis ad necem caedi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
3.
Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):
ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;
3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,
stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;
apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:
astiterunt ad januam,
Vulg. Act. 10, 17:
non adest ad exercitum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:
aderant ad spectaculum istud,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:
et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,
Lucr. 3, 959:
quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,
at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:
haec arma habere ad manum,
Quint. 12, 5, 1:
dominum esse ad villam,
Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:
errantem ad flumina,
Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):
pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!
Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:
qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),
Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:
ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,
among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:
neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,
Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:
si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:
villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:
“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”
Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:
pons, qui erat ad Genavam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:
ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:
conchas ad Caietam legunt,
id. Or. 2, 6:
ad forum esse,
to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:
ad dextram,
Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:
ad laevam,
Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:
ad dextram... ad laevam,
Liv. 40, 6;
and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,
at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:
sepultus ad quintum lapidem,
Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
B.
In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
1.
Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:
domum reductus ad vesperum,
toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,
toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
2.
The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:
ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:
philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:
quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:
ad multam noctem,
Cic. de Sen. 14:
Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,
id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:
Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:
bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,
id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:
ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8:
usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
3.
Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:
praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,
at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:
admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,
on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:
nostra ad diem dictam fient,
id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:
ad id tempus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
C.
The relations of number.
1.
An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):
ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:
nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:
quasi ad quadraginta minas,
as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:
sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:
cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:
ad hominum milia decem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:
oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,
id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:
occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33:
ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,
id. B. C. 3, 53:
ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,
Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
2.
The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):
ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:
aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,
even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:
miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,
to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:
quid ad denarium solveretur,
Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:
de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,
Cic. Lael. 23:
ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,
Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:
naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:
ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16:
Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,
Verg. A. 5, 687.
D.
In the manifold relations of one object to another.
1.
That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
a.
With verbs:
ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,
in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:
numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,
id. ib. 5, 4, 1:
nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,
that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:
nil est ad nos,
is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:
nil ad me attinet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:
nihil ad rem pertinet,
Cic. Caecin. 58;
and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:
Quid ad praetorem?
id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
b.
With adjectives:
ad has res perspicax,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:
virum ad cetera egregium,
Liv. 37, 7, 15:
auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25:
ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:
ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:
difficilis (res) ad credendum,
Lucr. 2, 1027:
ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
c.
With nouns:
prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):
mentis ad omnia caecitas,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:
magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,
id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:
ad cetera paene gemelli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:
facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,
Cic. Font. 6;
facultas ad agendum,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
d.
In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;
jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,
Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
2.
With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):
columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,
Cic. Mur. 77:
taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:
ad amussim non est numerus,
Varr. 2, 1, 26:
ad imaginem facere,
Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:
ad cursus lunae describit annum,
Liv. 1, 19:
omnia ad diem facta sunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5:
Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:
ad aequos flexus,
at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:
turres ad altitudiem valli,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:
ad eandem crassitudinem structi,
id. 44, 11:
ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,
with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:
stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,
Suet. Ner. 31:
lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,
Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:
canere ad tibiam,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:
in numerum ludere,
Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):
quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:
ad unguem factus homo,
a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):
ad istorum normam sapientes,
Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:
Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,
ad simulacrum,
Liv. 40, 6:
ad Punica ingenia,
id. 21, 22:
ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,
Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:
omnia fient ad verum,
Juv. 6, 324:
quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:
ad hunc modum institutus est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:
ad eundem istunc modum,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:
quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,
of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.
91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,
Lucr. 2, 281:
ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,
to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:
ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,
id. Rab. Post. 21:
aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 51:
rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26:
rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,
id. Font. 36:
ad vulgi opinionem,
id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:
ad instar castrorum,
Just. 36, 3, 2:
scoparum,
App. M. 9, p. 232:
speculi,
id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:
ad navis feratur,
like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:
ad specus angustiac vallium,
like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
3.
With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
a.
The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:
cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,
Lucr. 3, 144:
ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,
on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
b.
The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
(α).
is done,
(β).
is designed, or,
(γ).
is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
(α).
Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):
venimus coctum ad nuptias,
in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:
omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:
cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,
in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:
quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:
utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:
ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,
for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:
haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,
Sall. C. 13, 4:
ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:
paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
(β).
Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:
ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;
(in the same sense: in rem,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):
ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:
ad frena leones,
Verg. A. 10, 253:
delecto ad naves milite,
marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:
servos ad remum,
rowers, id. 34, 6; and:
servos ad militiam emendos,
id. 22, 61, 2:
comparasti ad lecticam homines,
Cat. 10, 16:
Lygdamus ad cyathos,
Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:
puer ad cyathum statuetur,
Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
(γ).
Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:
haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:
causa ad objurgandum,
id. And. 1, 1, 123:
argumentum ad scribendum,
Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):
vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato R. R. 125:
nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,
Cic. Brut. 24:
reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:
homines ad hanc rem idoneos,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:
calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:
orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:
sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:
homo ad nullam rem utilis,
id. Off. 3, 6:
ad segetes ingeniosus ager,
Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
4.
Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:
ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:
ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:
terra ad universi caeli complexum,
compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:
homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,
Liv. 22, 22, 15:
at nihil ad nostram hanc,
nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
E.
Adverbial phrases with ad.
1.
Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:
ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,
Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
2.
Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:
nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,
Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:
his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,
Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
3.
Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):
ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
4.
Ad tempus.
a.
At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
b.
At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
c.
For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
d.
According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
5.
Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
a.
For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
b.
At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
6.
Ad locum, on the spot:
ut ad locum miles esset paratus,
Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
7.
Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
8.
Ad summam.
a.
On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
b.
In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
9.
Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
a.
At the end, finally, at last.
(α).
Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:
missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,
Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
(β).
Of time = telos de, at last, finally:
ibi ad postremum cedit miles,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
(γ).
of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;
ad extremum agere cum dignitate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
b.
In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:
consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,
id. 28, 28, 8.—
10.
Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
11.
Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
► a.
Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:
traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
b.
Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:
quam ad,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:
senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4:
ripam ad Araxis,
Tac. Ann. 12, 51;
or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,
id. ib. 12, 8.—
c.
The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
II.
In composition.
A.
Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
B.
Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
1.
Local.
a.
To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
b.
At, by: astare, adesse.—
c.
On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
d.
Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
2.
Fig.
a.
To: adjudico, adsentior.—
b.
At or on: admiror, adludo.—
c.
Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
d.
Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
e.
Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
f.
Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad
13 adtono

at-tŏno (better than adt-), ŭi, ĭtum, 1, v. a., to thunder at; hence, to stun, stupefy (a poet. word of the Aug. per.; most frequent as P. a.; syn.: percello, perturbo, terreo): altitudo attonat, Maecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 19:
quis furor vestras attonuit mentes!
Ov. M. 3, 532; id. H. 4, 50.—Hence, attŏnĭtus ( adt-), a, um, P. a., thundered at; hence trop. as in Gr. embrontêtheis, embrontêtos.
A.
Thunderstruck, stunned, terrified, stupefied, astonished, amazed, confounded:
attonitus est stupefactus. Nam proprie attonitus dicitur, cui casus vicini fulminis et sonitus tonitruum dant stuporem,
Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 172:
quo fragore edito concidunt homines, exanimantur, quidam vero vivi stupent, et in totum sibi excidunt, quos vocamus attonitos, quorum mentes sonus ille caelestis loco pepulit,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 27:
aures,
Curt. 8, 4, 2; Petr. 101:
talibus attonitus visis ac voce deorum,
Verg. A. 3, 172:
attonitus tanto miserarum turbine rerum,
Ov. M. 7, 614; 4, 802; 8, 777; 9, 409 and 574; 11, 127; 8, 681 al.: alii novitate ac miraculo attoniti, Liv 1, 47; 2, 12; 5, 46; 3, 68 fin.; 7, 36; 30, 30; 39, 15;
44, 10: subitae rei miraculo attoniti,
Tac. H. 4, 49; so id. ib. 2, 42; 3, 13. —With de:
mentis de lodice parandā Attonitae,
crazed, bewildered about getting a bed-blanket, Juv. 7, 67.—Also without an abl.:
Attonitae manibusque uterum celare volenti, Ov M. 2, 463: mater... Attonitae diu similis fuit,
id. ib. 5, 510; 6, 600;
12, 498: ut integris corporibus attoniti conciderent,
Liv. 10, 29:
attoniti vultus,
Tac. H. 1, 40:
circumspectare inter se attoniti,
id. ib. 2, 29:
attonitis etiam victoribus,
id. ib. 4, 72:
attonitā magis quam quietā contione,
id. A. 1, 39:
attonitis jam omnibus,
Suet. Caes. 28; id. Claud. 38; id. Dom. 17:
attonitos habes oculos,
Vulg. Job, 15, 12; ib. Prov 16, 30.— Poet., with gen.:
attonitus serpentis equus,
Sil. 6, 231.—Also poet. transf. to inanimate things:
neque enim ante dehiscent Attonitae magna ora domūs,
Verg. A. 6, 53 (but acc. to Serv. in an act. sense, syn. with attonitos facientes, stupendae, stunning, terrifying, as pallida senectus, etc.):
mensa,
Val. Fl. 1, 45:
arces,
Sil. 4, 7 Drak.:
quorundam persuasiones,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 28. —
B.
Seized with inspiration, smitten with prophetic fury, inspired, frantic:
attonitae Baccho matres,
Verg. A. 7, 580:
Bacchus attonitae tribuit vexilla catervae,
Stat. S. 5, 1, 116: Vates, * Hor. C. 3, 19, 14.—

* Adv.: attŏnĭtē, frantically, etc.:
Britannia hodieque eum attonite celebrat etc.,
Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13 (Jan, attonita).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adtono
14 attono

at-tŏno (better than adt-), ŭi, ĭtum, 1, v. a., to thunder at; hence, to stun, stupefy (a poet. word of the Aug. per.; most frequent as P. a.; syn.: percello, perturbo, terreo): altitudo attonat, Maecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 19:
quis furor vestras attonuit mentes!
Ov. M. 3, 532; id. H. 4, 50.—Hence, attŏnĭtus ( adt-), a, um, P. a., thundered at; hence trop. as in Gr. embrontêtheis, embrontêtos.
A.
Thunderstruck, stunned, terrified, stupefied, astonished, amazed, confounded:
attonitus est stupefactus. Nam proprie attonitus dicitur, cui casus vicini fulminis et sonitus tonitruum dant stuporem,
Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 172:
quo fragore edito concidunt homines, exanimantur, quidam vero vivi stupent, et in totum sibi excidunt, quos vocamus attonitos, quorum mentes sonus ille caelestis loco pepulit,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 27:
aures,
Curt. 8, 4, 2; Petr. 101:
talibus attonitus visis ac voce deorum,
Verg. A. 3, 172:
attonitus tanto miserarum turbine rerum,
Ov. M. 7, 614; 4, 802; 8, 777; 9, 409 and 574; 11, 127; 8, 681 al.: alii novitate ac miraculo attoniti, Liv 1, 47; 2, 12; 5, 46; 3, 68 fin.; 7, 36; 30, 30; 39, 15;
44, 10: subitae rei miraculo attoniti,
Tac. H. 4, 49; so id. ib. 2, 42; 3, 13. —With de:
mentis de lodice parandā Attonitae,
crazed, bewildered about getting a bed-blanket, Juv. 7, 67.—Also without an abl.:
Attonitae manibusque uterum celare volenti, Ov M. 2, 463: mater... Attonitae diu similis fuit,
id. ib. 5, 510; 6, 600;
12, 498: ut integris corporibus attoniti conciderent,
Liv. 10, 29:
attoniti vultus,
Tac. H. 1, 40:
circumspectare inter se attoniti,
id. ib. 2, 29:
attonitis etiam victoribus,
id. ib. 4, 72:
attonitā magis quam quietā contione,
id. A. 1, 39:
attonitis jam omnibus,
Suet. Caes. 28; id. Claud. 38; id. Dom. 17:
attonitos habes oculos,
Vulg. Job, 15, 12; ib. Prov 16, 30.— Poet., with gen.:
attonitus serpentis equus,
Sil. 6, 231.—Also poet. transf. to inanimate things:
neque enim ante dehiscent Attonitae magna ora domūs,
Verg. A. 6, 53 (but acc. to Serv. in an act. sense, syn. with attonitos facientes, stupendae, stunning, terrifying, as pallida senectus, etc.):
mensa,
Val. Fl. 1, 45:
arces,
Sil. 4, 7 Drak.:
quorundam persuasiones,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 28. —
B.
Seized with inspiration, smitten with prophetic fury, inspired, frantic:
attonitae Baccho matres,
Verg. A. 7, 580:
Bacchus attonitae tribuit vexilla catervae,
Stat. S. 5, 1, 116: Vates, * Hor. C. 3, 19, 14.—

* Adv.: attŏnĭtē, frantically, etc.:
Britannia hodieque eum attonite celebrat etc.,
Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13 (Jan, attonita).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > attono
15 caligo

1.
cālīgo ( call-), ĭnis, f. [root cal-, cover; cf.: oc-culo, clam, cella], a thick atmosphere, a mist, vapor, fog (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):
suffundere caelum caligine,
Lucr. 6, 479; 6, 461; 6, 92:
(ignis) piceă crassus caligine,
Verg. G. 2, 309; cf. id. A. 9, 36; Liv. 29, 27, 7:
densa caligo occaecaverat diem,
id. 33, 7, 2; cf. Suet. Ner. 19:
fumidam a terră exhalari caliginem,
Plin. 2, 42, 42, § 111:
caligo aestuosa,
Col. 11, 2, 53 (for which, id. 11, 2, 57:
nebulosus aestus): pruinae et caligo,
id. 3, 2, 4; cf. Pall. Febr. 9, 2.—Also in plur.:
inter caligines,
Col. 3, 1, 7.—Hence,
II.
Transf.
A.
(Causa pro effectu.) Darkness, obscurity, gloom (produced by mist, fog, etc.; freq. with tenebrae;
class. in prose and poetry): mi ob oculos caligo obstitit, Plaut Mil. 2, 4, 51: cum altitudo caliginem oculis obfudisset,
i. e. had caused dizziness, Liv. 26, 45, 3:
erat in tantā calligine major usus aurium quam oculorum,
id. 22, 5, 3 Weissenb.: noctem insequentem eadem calligc obtinuit;
sole orto est discussa,
id. 29, 27, 7:
nox terram caligine texit,
Lucr. 6, 853; 5, 649:
caeca noctis,
id. 4, 457:
caecae umbra,
id. 3, 305; cf. Verg. A. 3, 203:
quam simul agnorunt inter caliginis umbras,
Ov. M. 4, 455:
ara obscurā caligine tecta,
Cic. Arat. 194.—With tenebrae, Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44; Curt. 9, 4, 18; Lampr. Comm. 16.—In later writers also with a gen.:
caligo tenebrarum,
Quint. Decl. 18, 7; cf. Sen. Agam. 472 Heins.;
and inversely: tenebris illunae caliginis impeditus,
App. M. 9, p. 214.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., mental blindness, dulness of perception:
quod videbam equidem, sed quasi per caliginem: praestrinxerat aciem animi D. Bruti salus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 3; so id. Fin. 5, 15, 43: adhuc tamen [p. 270] per caliginem video, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 8: caecā mentem caligine consitus, * Cat. 64, 207:
Augustus... omnibus omnium gentium viris magnitudine suā inducturus caliginem,
to throw into the shade, Vell. 2, 37, 1. —
2.
Of dark, difficult circumstances, calamity, affliction, gloom:
vide nunc caliginem temporum illorum,
Cic. Planc. 40, 96:
superioris anni,
id. post Red. in Sen. 3, 5:
an qui etesiis, qui per cursum rectum regnum tenere non potuerunt, nunc caecis tenebris et caligine se Alexandriam perventuros arbitrati sunt?
id. Agr. 2, 17, 44:
illa omnis pecunia latuit in illā caligine ac tenebris, quae totam rem publicam tum occuparant,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177:
ecce illa tempestas, caligo bonorum, tenebrae rei publicae,
id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:
tantum caliginis, tantum perturbationis offusum,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 16:
quaedam scelerum offusa caligo,
Quint. 9, 3, 47.—
C.
In medic. lang., as a disease of the eyes, dim-sightedness, weakness of the eyes, Cels. 6, 6, n. 32; Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 61; 20, 23, 95, § 254; 25, 13, 92, § 144; 32, 9, 31, § 97; 34, 11, 27, § 114; Scrib. Comp. 179.
2.
cālīgo, āre, v. n. [1. caligo].
I.
To emit vapor or steam, to steam, reek:
amnes aestate vaporatis, hieme frigidis nebulis caligent,
Col. 1, 5, 4:
aram tenui caligans vestiet umbrā,
Cic. Arat. 205 (449); cf.:
omnem quae nunc Mortalis hebetat visus tibi et umida circum Caligat, nubem eripiam,
Verg. A. 2, 606.—
B.
Transf.
1.
To be involved in darkness, to be dark, gloomy:
caligare oculos,
darkness covers the eyes, Lucr. 3, 157; Verg. G. 4, 468; Stat. Th. 1, 95. —
2.
Poet.:
altae caligantesque fenestrae,
dizzy, Juv. 6, 31.—
II.
Trop., of the understanding, to be blind, to be surrounded by darkness, to grope about:
orbatae caligant vela carinae,
Stat. S. 5, 3, 238:
caligare ad pervidendum,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 1:
virtus inhorrescit ad subita, et caligabit, si, etc.,
id. Ep. 57, 4; Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 2; Quint. Decl. 18 fin.:
rex caligare alto in solio, nec pondera regni posse pati,
Sil. 14, 88.—Prov.:
caligare in sole,
to grope in broad daylight, Quint. 1, 2, 19.—
B.
In medic. lang., of the eyes, to suffer from weakness, be weak, Cels. 6, 6, 32; Plin. 20, 22, 87, § 239; cf. id. 11, 37, 54, § 147.— Transf., of the person, to be dim-sighted:
caligans Thyestes,
Mart. 10, 4, 1; Scrib. Comp. 184.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caligo
16 derigo

dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:
haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:
crates,
id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:
naves ante portum,
Liv. 37, 31; cf.:
naves in pugnam,
id. 22, 19:
vicos,
i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.
castella,
Flor. 4, 12, 26:
molem recta fronte,
Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:
regiones lituo,
i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:
finem alicui veterem viam regiam,
Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:
aciem,
to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.
frontem,
Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:
membrana plumbo derecta,
ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—
* b.
Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:
elephantum machaeră dirigit,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—
B.
In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):
ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,
Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:
aciem ad te,
Cat. 63, 56:
cursum ad litora,
Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:
equum in consulem,
Liv. 2, 6:
currum in hostem,
Ov. M. 12, 78:
tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,
Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:
hastam in te,
Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:
dentes in inguina,
id. ib. 8, 400:
cursum in Africam,
Vell. 2, 19 fin.:
cursum per auras in lucos,
Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:
navem eo,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:
gressum huc,
Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:
Ilo hastam,
Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:
ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,
to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:
iter navis,
Ov. F. 1, 4:
cursum,
Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:
spicula,
Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:
hastile,
Verg. A. 12, 490:
tela,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:
sagittas,
Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:
vulnera,
Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:
vulnera alicui,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):
materias divisione dirigere,
Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),
B.
In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).
(α).
With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:
orationem ad exempla,
id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:
judicium ad ea,
id. 6, 5, 2:
se ad id quod, etc.,
id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:
se ad ea effingenda,
id. 10, 1, 127:
praecipua rerum ad famam,
Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):
in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,
Cic. Brut. 37, 140:
vitam ad certam rationis normam,
to conform, id. Mur. 2:
leges hominum ad naturam,
id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—
(β).
With in (not so in Cic.):
tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,
Quint. 10, 3, 28:
communes locos in vitia,
id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—
(γ).
With abl. (only in Cic.):
quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:
omnia voluptate,
id. ib. 2, 22, 71:
utilitatem honestate,
id. Off. 3, 21, 83:
haec normā,
id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—
(δ).
Without an object:
(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,
Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —
(ε).
With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—
(ζ).
With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.
A.
Lit.:
auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.
aes (tubae), opp. flexum,
Ov. M. 1, 98:
iter,
Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.
trabes,
id. ib. 7, 23, 1:
ordo (olearum),
Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:
arcus (opp. obliquus),
Ov. M. 2, 129:
paries,
i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:
praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:
(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:
cornu,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:
in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,
in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,
altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,
Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:
cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),
Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—
B.
Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:
o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,
Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:
iter ad laudem,
id. Cael. 17, 41:
vera illa et directa ratio,
id. ib. 18:
tristis ac directus senex,
id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:
quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,
id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:
percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,
Liv. 21, 19; cf.
contiones,
Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):
verba,
Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:
actio,
Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.
institutio (opp. precaria),
id. 29, 1, 19:
libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),
id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.
a.
dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):
dicere,
Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:
ire,
Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,
b.
dīrectō, directly, straight:
deorsum ferri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 25:
transversas trabes,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:
ad fidem spectare,
Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —
* c.
dīrectā:
quo magis ursimus alte directā,
press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—
d.
dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:
directius gubernare,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > derigo
17 dimetiens

dī-mētĭor, mensus, 4, v. dep. a., to measure any thing, to measure out (v. demetior init. —rare but class.):
studium dimetiendi caeli atque terrae,
Cic. de Sen. 14, 49:
dimetiri et dinumerare syllabas,
id. Or. 43, 147:
campum ad certamen,
Verg. A. 12, 117:
mundum,
Quint. 12, 11, 10; cf. id. 9, 4, 112.—Hence, part. as subst.: dīmētĭens, entis, f., the diameter (diametros), Plin. 2, 23, 21, § 86 sq.
► In pass.
signif.:
columnae altitudo dimetiatur in partes duodecim,
Vitr. 3, 3; 5, 9; Quint. 8 prooem. §
27: mirari se sollertiam ejus, a quo essent illa dimensa atque descripta,
Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; so in the part., Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 5; 4, 17, 3; Quint. 9, 4, 27; Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 155; Verg. G. 1, 231; 2, 284.—Cf. in fut. pass. part.:
non cum vitae tempore esse dimetiendam commemorationem nominis nostri,
Cic. Arch. 11, 29 Halm (Baiter, dimittendam).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dimetiens
18 dimetior

dī-mētĭor, mensus, 4, v. dep. a., to measure any thing, to measure out (v. demetior init. —rare but class.):
studium dimetiendi caeli atque terrae,
Cic. de Sen. 14, 49:
dimetiri et dinumerare syllabas,
id. Or. 43, 147:
campum ad certamen,
Verg. A. 12, 117:
mundum,
Quint. 12, 11, 10; cf. id. 9, 4, 112.—Hence, part. as subst.: dīmētĭens, entis, f., the diameter (diametros), Plin. 2, 23, 21, § 86 sq.
► In pass.
signif.:
columnae altitudo dimetiatur in partes duodecim,
Vitr. 3, 3; 5, 9; Quint. 8 prooem. §
27: mirari se sollertiam ejus, a quo essent illa dimensa atque descripta,
Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; so in the part., Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 5; 4, 17, 3; Quint. 9, 4, 27; Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 155; Verg. G. 1, 231; 2, 284.—Cf. in fut. pass. part.:
non cum vitae tempore esse dimetiendam commemorationem nominis nostri,
Cic. Arch. 11, 29 Halm (Baiter, dimittendam).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dimetior
19 directum

dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:
haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:
crates,
id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:
naves ante portum,
Liv. 37, 31; cf.:
naves in pugnam,
id. 22, 19:
vicos,
i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.
castella,
Flor. 4, 12, 26:
molem recta fronte,
Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:
regiones lituo,
i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:
finem alicui veterem viam regiam,
Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:
aciem,
to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.
frontem,
Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:
membrana plumbo derecta,
ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—
* b.
Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:
elephantum machaeră dirigit,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—
B.
In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):
ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,
Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:
aciem ad te,
Cat. 63, 56:
cursum ad litora,
Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:
equum in consulem,
Liv. 2, 6:
currum in hostem,
Ov. M. 12, 78:
tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,
Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:
hastam in te,
Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:
dentes in inguina,
id. ib. 8, 400:
cursum in Africam,
Vell. 2, 19 fin.:
cursum per auras in lucos,
Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:
navem eo,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:
gressum huc,
Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:
Ilo hastam,
Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:
ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,
to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:
iter navis,
Ov. F. 1, 4:
cursum,
Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:
spicula,
Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:
hastile,
Verg. A. 12, 490:
tela,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:
sagittas,
Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:
vulnera,
Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:
vulnera alicui,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):
materias divisione dirigere,
Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),
B.
In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).
(α).
With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:
orationem ad exempla,
id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:
judicium ad ea,
id. 6, 5, 2:
se ad id quod, etc.,
id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:
se ad ea effingenda,
id. 10, 1, 127:
praecipua rerum ad famam,
Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):
in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,
Cic. Brut. 37, 140:
vitam ad certam rationis normam,
to conform, id. Mur. 2:
leges hominum ad naturam,
id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—
(β).
With in (not so in Cic.):
tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,
Quint. 10, 3, 28:
communes locos in vitia,
id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—
(γ).
With abl. (only in Cic.):
quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:
omnia voluptate,
id. ib. 2, 22, 71:
utilitatem honestate,
id. Off. 3, 21, 83:
haec normā,
id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—
(δ).
Without an object:
(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,
Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —
(ε).
With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—
(ζ).
With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.
A.
Lit.:
auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.
aes (tubae), opp. flexum,
Ov. M. 1, 98:
iter,
Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.
trabes,
id. ib. 7, 23, 1:
ordo (olearum),
Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:
arcus (opp. obliquus),
Ov. M. 2, 129:
paries,
i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:
praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:
(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:
cornu,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:
in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,
in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,
altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,
Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:
cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),
Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—
B.
Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:
o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,
Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:
iter ad laudem,
id. Cael. 17, 41:
vera illa et directa ratio,
id. ib. 18:
tristis ac directus senex,
id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:
quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,
id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:
percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,
Liv. 21, 19; cf.
contiones,
Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):
verba,
Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:
actio,
Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.
institutio (opp. precaria),
id. 29, 1, 19:
libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),
id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.
a.
dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):
dicere,
Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:
ire,
Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,
b.
dīrectō, directly, straight:
deorsum ferri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 25:
transversas trabes,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:
ad fidem spectare,
Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —
* c.
dīrectā:
quo magis ursimus alte directā,
press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—
d.
dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:
directius gubernare,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > directum
20 dirigo

dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:
haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:
crates,
id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:
naves ante portum,
Liv. 37, 31; cf.:
naves in pugnam,
id. 22, 19:
vicos,
i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.
castella,
Flor. 4, 12, 26:
molem recta fronte,
Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:
regiones lituo,
i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:
finem alicui veterem viam regiam,
Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:
aciem,
to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.
frontem,
Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:
membrana plumbo derecta,
ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—
* b.
Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:
elephantum machaeră dirigit,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—
B.
In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):
ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,
Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:
aciem ad te,
Cat. 63, 56:
cursum ad litora,
Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:
equum in consulem,
Liv. 2, 6:
currum in hostem,
Ov. M. 12, 78:
tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,
Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:
hastam in te,
Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:
dentes in inguina,
id. ib. 8, 400:
cursum in Africam,
Vell. 2, 19 fin.:
cursum per auras in lucos,
Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:
navem eo,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:
gressum huc,
Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:
Ilo hastam,
Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:
ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,
to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:
iter navis,
Ov. F. 1, 4:
cursum,
Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:
spicula,
Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:
hastile,
Verg. A. 12, 490:
tela,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:
sagittas,
Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:
vulnera,
Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:
vulnera alicui,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):
materias divisione dirigere,
Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),
B.
In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).
(α).
With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:
orationem ad exempla,
id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:
judicium ad ea,
id. 6, 5, 2:
se ad id quod, etc.,
id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:
se ad ea effingenda,
id. 10, 1, 127:
praecipua rerum ad famam,
Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):
in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,
Cic. Brut. 37, 140:
vitam ad certam rationis normam,
to conform, id. Mur. 2:
leges hominum ad naturam,
id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—
(β).
With in (not so in Cic.):
tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,
Quint. 10, 3, 28:
communes locos in vitia,
id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—
(γ).
With abl. (only in Cic.):
quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:
omnia voluptate,
id. ib. 2, 22, 71:
utilitatem honestate,
id. Off. 3, 21, 83:
haec normā,
id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—
(δ).
Without an object:
(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,
Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —
(ε).
With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—
(ζ).
With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.
A.
Lit.:
auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.
aes (tubae), opp. flexum,
Ov. M. 1, 98:
iter,
Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.
trabes,
id. ib. 7, 23, 1:
ordo (olearum),
Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:
arcus (opp. obliquus),
Ov. M. 2, 129:
paries,
i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:
praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:
(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:
cornu,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:
in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,
in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,
altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,
Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:
cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),
Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—
B.
Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:
o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,
Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:
iter ad laudem,
id. Cael. 17, 41:
vera illa et directa ratio,
id. ib. 18:
tristis ac directus senex,
id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:
quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,
id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:
percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,
Liv. 21, 19; cf.
contiones,
Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):
verba,
Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:
actio,
Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.
institutio (opp. precaria),
id. 29, 1, 19:
libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),
id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.
a.
dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):
dicere,
Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:
ire,
Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,
b.
dīrectō, directly, straight:
deorsum ferri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 25:
transversas trabes,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:
ad fidem spectare,
Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —
* c.
dīrectā:
quo magis ursimus alte directā,
press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—
d.
dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:
directius gubernare,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dirigo

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ALTITUDO — titulus Regum honorarius in veteribus Tabulis Regum Franciae, apud Camusatum in Antiquit. Trecensib. Besium in Comit. Pictav. Acherium Spicileg. Tom. XII. etc. cuius locô Graeci ὕψος et κορνφην` usurpant. ita cnim iam Pindarus Olymp. od. α. Τὺ δ᾿ … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
O altitudo — foreign term Etymology: Latin O (the) height ; feeling of spiritual exaltation … New Collegiate Dictionary
altitude — [ altityd ] n. f. • 1485; lat. altitudo 1 ♦ Élévation verticale d un point par rapport au niveau de la mer. Altitude relative : élévation d un point par rapport à un autre. Mesure des altitudes (opérations de nivellement). Voler à basse altitude … Encyclopédie Universelle
altitudine — ALTITÚDINE, altitudini, s.f. Înălţime a unui punct de pe suprafaţa pământului, considerată în raport cu nivelul mării sau faţă de alt punct de pe suprafaţa terestră. – Din lat. altitudo, inis, fr. altitude. Trimis de ana zecheru, 08.01.2003.… … Dicționar Român
Juan de Zumárraga — (1468 ndash; 3 June 1548) was a Spanish Basque Franciscan prelate and first bishop of Mexico.Zumárraga was born in Durango in the Biscay province in the Basque Country. He entered the Franciscan Order, and in 1527 was custodian of the convent of… … Wikipedia
альтитуда — (от лат. altitudo высота), то же, что абсолютная высота. * * * АЛЬТИТУДА АЛЬТИТУДА (от лат. altitudo высота), то же, что абсолютная высота (см. АБСОЛЮТНАЯ ВЫСОТА) … Энциклопедический словарь
Хуан де Сумаррага — Портрет отца Сумаррага … Википедия
Сумаррага, Хуан де — Портрет отца Сумарраги … Википедия
АЛЬТИТУДА — (н. лат.). Высота точки над уровнем моря. Словарь иностранных слов, вошедших в состав русского языка. Чудинов А.Н., 1910. АЛЬТИТУДА высота местности над поверхностью моря. Словарь иностранных слов, вошедших в состав русского языка. Павленков Ф.,… … Словарь иностранных слов русского языка
Хуан де Сумаррага — (исп. Fray Juan de Zumarrága). 1468, Паис Васко, Дуранго 3 июня 1548, Мехико. Испанский церковный деятель, первый епископ Мексики. Глубоко противоречивая личность: ввёл в Мексике здравоохранение, высшее образование и книгопечатание. Открыл первую … Католическая энциклопедия
Juan de Zumarraga — Juan de Zumárraga † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Juan de Zumárraga Born at Durango in the Basque provinces in 1468; died in Mexico, 3 June, 1548. He entered the Franciscan Order, and in 1527 was custodian of the convent of Abrojo, where he … Catholic encyclopedia

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