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21 Scarface
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22 St. Valentine's Day Massacre
ист"Бойня в День Св. Валентина"Жестокое убийство членов банды "Багса" Морана [Moran, "Bugs"] по приказу А. Капоне [ Capone, Al (Alphonse)]. Гангстеров построили у стены гаража и расстреляли в упор. Эти события, вошедшие в историю как одно из самых известных убийств, произошли в Чикаго 14 февраля 1929, в день Святого Валентина [ St. Valentine's Day]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > St. Valentine's Day Massacre
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23 Untouchables, The
ист"неприкасаемые"Группа агентов ФБР [ Federal Bureau of Investigation] во главе со специальным агентом Э. Нессом [Ness, Eliot] (1903-57), которая своей работой в конце 1920-х в немалой степени способствовала созданию образа неподкупного федерального агента [ G-man]. Сыграла решающую роль в разгроме преступной группировки, которой руководил Аль Капоне [ Capone, Al (Alphonse)]. Схватка этих агентов с мафией послужила основой для сюжета ряда одноименных телевизионных фильмов (1959-63) и кинофильма (1987) с К. Костнером [ Costner, Kevin] в главной ролиEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Untouchables, The
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24 a hogh stomach
высокомерие (обыкн. употр. с гл. to have)Mr. Alphonse de Vere has a proud stomach, he acknowledges no one in the office... (DEI) — Мистер Альфонс де Вир - само высокомерие, ни с кем не желает считаться на работе...
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25 Electricity
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26 Fauvelle, Pierre-Pascal
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 4 June 1797 Rethel, Ardennes, Franced. 19 December 1867 Perpignan, France[br]French inventor of hydraulic boring.[br]While attending the drilling of artesian wells in southern France in 1833, Fauvelle noticed that the debris from the borehole was carried out by the ascending water. This observation caused him to conceive the idea that the boring process need not necessarily be interrupted in order to clear the hole with an auger. It took him eleven years to develop his idea and to find financial backing to carry out his project in practice. In 1844, within a period of fifty-four days, he secretly bored an artesian well 219 m (718 ft) deep in Perpignan. One year later he secured his invention with a patent in France, and with another the following year in Spain.Fauvelle's process involved water being forced by a pressure pump through hollow rods to the bottom of the drill, whence it ascended through the annular space between the rod and the wall of the borehole, thus flushing the mud up to the surface. This method was similar to that of Robert Beart who had secured a patent in Britain but had not put it into practice. Although Fauvelle was not primarily concerned with the rotating action of the drill, his hydraulic boring method and its subsequent developments by his stepson, Alphonse de Basterot, formed an important step towards modern rotary drilling, which began with the work of Anthony F. Lucas near Beaumont, Texas, at the turn of the twentieth century. In the 1870s Albert Fauck, who also contributed important developments to the structure of boring rigs, had combined Fauvelle's hydraulic system with core-boring in the United States.[br]Bibliography1846, "Sur un nouveau système de forage", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, pp. 438–40; also printed in 1847 in Le Technologiste 8, pp. 87–8.Further ReadingA.Birembeaut, 1968, "Pierre-Pascal Fauvelle", Dictionnaire de biographie française, vol. 13, pp. 808–10; also in L'Indépendant, Perpignan, 5–10 February (biography).A.de Basterot, 1868, Puits artésiens, sondages de mines, sondages d'études, systèmeFauvelle et de Basterot, Brussels (a detailed description of Fauvelle's methods and de Basterot's developments).See also: Crælius, Per AntonWKBiographical history of technology > Fauvelle, Pierre-Pascal
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27 Otto, Nikolaus August
[br]b. 10 June 1832 Holzhausen, Nassau (now in Germany)d. 26 January 1891 Cologne, Germany[br]German engineer, developer of the four-stroke internal combustion engine.[br]Otto's involvement in internal combustion engines was first prompted by his interest in Lenoir's coal-gas engine of 1860. He built his first engine in 1861; in 1864, Otto's engine came to the attention of Eugen Langen, who arranged for the capital to set up the world's first engine company, N.A.Otto and Company, in Cologne. In 1867 the Otto- Langen free-piston internal combustion engine was exhibited at the Paris Exposition, where it won the gold medal. The company continued to expand, and five years after the Paris triumph its name was changed to the Gasmotoren Fabrik; amongst Otto's colleagues at this time were Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach .Otto is most famous for the development of the four-stroke cycle which was to bear his name. He patented his version of this in 1876, although the principle of the four-stroke cycle had been patented by Alphonse Beau de Rochas fourteen years previously; Otto was the first, however, to put the principle into practice with the "Otto Silent Engine". Many thousands of Otto fourstroke engines had already been built by 1886, when a German patent lawyer successfully claimed that Otto had infringed the Beau de Rochas patent, and Otto's patent was declared invalid.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMédaille d'or, Paris Exposition 1867 (for the Otto-Langen engine).Further Reading1989, History of the Internal Combustion Engine, Detroit: Society of Automotive Engineers.I.McNeil (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London and New York: Routledge, 306–7.IMcN -
28 Paper and printing
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Biro, Laszlo JoszefBi ShengCai LunKlic, KarolSong YingxingStanhope, Charles -
29 Photography, film and optics
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Ding HuanGabor, DennisKlic, KarolLippershey, HansMarton, LadislausTournachon, Gaspard FélixBiographical history of technology > Photography, film and optics
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30 Steam and internal combustion engines
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Giffard, Baptiste Henry JacquesHamilton, Harold LeePorta, Giovanni Battista dellaBiographical history of technology > Steam and internal combustion engines
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См. также в других словарях:
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ALPHONSE II — (1152 1196) roi d’Aragón (1164 1196) Comte de Barcelone en 1162 et roi d’Aragon en 1164 comme successeur de son père, le comte de Barcelone Raimond Bérenger IV, et de sa mère, la reine Pétronille d’Aragon. Alphonse II, dit Alphonse le Chaste,… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Alphonse — (franz., spr. alfongß ), Alfons; in Paris, wie Adolphe (in Berlin Louis), soviel wie Zuhälter … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Alphonse — m French form of ALFONSO (SEE Alfonso). The ph spelling is the result of classical influences (or classical pretensions). It has been occasionally used in the English speaking world, especially among West Indians and American Blacks, but is now… … First names dictionary
Alphonse VI — (v. 1042 1109), roi de Léon (1065 1109) et roi de Castille (1072 1109), enleva Tolède aux Maures (1085) … Encyclopédie Universelle
Alphonse — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Saint Alphonse et Saint Alphonse. Alphonse est un nom propre qui peut désigner : Sommai … Wikipédia en Français
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