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1 нелегированная сталь
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > нелегированная сталь
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2 нелегированная сталь
1) Engineering: alloy-free steel, nonalloy steel, ordinary carbon steel, plain carbon steel2) Construction: non-alloy steel, unalloyed steel3) Metallurgy: plain steel, non alloyed steel4) Automation: (углеродистая) plain (carbon) steelУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > нелегированная сталь
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3 сталь
* * *сталь ж.
steelазоти́ровать сталь — nitride steelалити́ровать сталь — aluminize steelвакууми́ровать сталь — treat (molten) steel under vacuumвари́ть сталь жарг. — make steelворони́ть сталь — blue steelвыплавля́ть сталь — make steelгофрирова́ть сталь — corrugate steelзакаля́ть сталь — harden steel; ( охлаждать в целях закалки) quench steelката́ть сталь в горя́чем состоя́нии — hot-roll steelката́ть сталь в холо́дном состоя́нии — cold-roll steelлеги́ровать сталь — alloy steelнагарто́вывать сталь — work-harden steelнагрева́ть сталь — reheat steelнауглеро́живать сталь — carburize steelнормализова́ть сталь — normalize steelобраба́тывать сталь термомехани́ческий — ausform steelомедня́ть сталь — copper-plate steelотжига́ть сталь — anneal steelотпуска́ть сталь — temper steelоцинко́вывать сталь — galvanize steelпакети́ровать сталь — fagot steelпередува́ть сталь — overblow steelпережига́ть сталь — burn steelплакирова́ть сталь — clad steelподверга́ть сталь термообрабо́тке — heat-treat steelпоставля́ть сталь по механи́ческим сво́йствам — market steel on the basis of physical specificationsпоставля́ть сталь по хими́ческому соста́ву — market steel on the basis of chemical specificationsпродува́ть сталь по́лностью — blow steel fullyразлива́ть сталь (в изло́жницы) — cast steel, pour [teem] steel into mouldsрасчисля́ть сталь — deoxidize steelрифли́ть сталь — checker steelстабилизи́ровать сталь — stabilize steelтрави́ть сталь — pickle steelуспока́ивать сталь — kill steelхроми́ровать сталь хими́ческим спо́собом — chromate steelхроми́ровать сталь электролити́ческим спо́собом — chrome-plate steelцементи́ровать сталь — case-harden steelавиацио́нная сталь — aircraft steelавтома́тная сталь — free-cutting steelалма́зная сталь — extra-hard steelармату́рная сталь — reinforcing-bar steel; ( вид проката) reinforcing barsаустени́тная сталь — abstenitic steelбессеме́ровская сталь — Bessemer steelбруско́вая сталь уст. — (square) bar steelбыстроре́жущая сталь — high-speed steelбула́тная сталь — Damascus steel, damasceneвысоколеги́рованная сталь — high-alloy steelвысокоуглеро́дистая, высокомарганцо́вистая и т. п. сталь — high-carbon, high-manganese, etc. steelдама́сская сталь — Damascus steel, damasceneдина́мная сталь — dynamo steelдисперсио́нно-тверде́ющая сталь — precipitation-hardening steelдоэвтекто́идная сталь — hypoeutectoid steelжаропро́чная сталь — high-temperature steelжаросто́йкая сталь — heat-resistant steelзаклё́почная сталь — rivet steelзаэвтекто́идная сталь — hypereutectoid steelизнососто́йкая сталь — wear-resisting steelинструмента́льная сталь — tool steelквадра́тная сталь — squaresкипя́щая сталь — брит. rimming steel; амер. rimmed steelки́слая сталь — acid steelкислотосто́йкая сталь — acid resisting steelкла́панная сталь — valve steelконве́ртерная сталь — converter steelконструкцио́нная сталь — structural steelко́рпусная сталь — hull plateкоррозио́нно-сто́йкая сталь — corrosion-resistant steelкоте́льная сталь — boiler steelкремни́стая сталь — silicon steelкру́глая сталь — roundsлеги́рованная сталь — alloyed [alloy-treated] steelмалоуглеро́дистая сталь — low-carbon steelма́рганцевая сталь — manganese steelмарте́новская сталь — open-hearth steelмартенси́тная сталь — martensitic steelмартенситностаре́ющая сталь — maraging steelмногосло́йная сталь — ply steelмя́гкая сталь — mild [soft] steelнедораски́сленная сталь — rising steelнелеги́рованная сталь — plain (carbon) steelнема́рочная сталь — off-grade steelнержаве́ющая сталь — stainless steelнизколеги́рованная сталь — low-alloyed steelнизкоуглеро́дистая сталь — low-carbon steelо́бручная сталь — hoop ironосновна́я сталь — basic steelперли́тная сталь — pearlitic steelсталь пове́рхностной прока́ливаемости — shallow-hardening steelподши́пниковая сталь — bearing steelполосова́я сталь ( не путать со стально́й полосо́й) — strip steel (not to be confused with steel strip)полуспоко́йная сталь — semikilled steelпрока́тная, углова́я сталь — anglesпрока́тная, углова́я неравнобо́кая сталь — unequal anglesпрока́тная, углова́я равнобо́кая сталь — equal anglesпроста́я сталь — plain steelпро́фильная сталь — steel shapesпружи́нная сталь — spring steelпрутко́вая сталь — rod steel; ( вид проката) rodsре́льсовая сталь — rail steelро́слая сталь — rising steelсамозака́ливающаяся сталь — air-hardening steelсва́рочная сталь — weld steelсталь сквозно́й прока́ливаемости — through-hardening steelспоко́йная сталь — killed steelсудострои́тельная сталь — shipbuilding steelтекстуро́ванная сталь — grain-oriented steelти́гельная сталь — crucible steelтолстолистова́я сталь — plate steel; ( вид проката) (steel) plateтолстолистова́я, фасо́нная сталь — sketch plate(s)тонколистова́я сталь — sheet steel; ( вид проката) steel sheetто́почная сталь — fire-box steelтрансформа́торная сталь — transformer steelтру́бная сталь — pipe steelуглеро́дистая сталь — carbon steelфасо́нная сталь — structural shape(s)ферри́тная сталь — ferritic steelхро́мистая сталь — chromium steelцеме́нтная сталь — cement steelшве́ллерная сталь — channelsшестигра́нная сталь — hexagonal steel, hexagonsшта́мповая сталь — die steelштри́псовая сталь — skelp steelэлектри́ческая сталь — electrical steel (см. тж. электросталь)электротехни́ческая сталь — electrical-sheet [silicon-sheet] steel -
4 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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