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1 WITH
For the purpose of Neo-Quenya writing, the best translation of "with" (in the sense of "together with") is probably \#as, attested with a pronominal suffix (see below). A string of various prepositional elements meaning "with" are attested, but all are probably not meant to coexist in the same form of Quenya; rather Tolkien often changed his mind about the details. The preposition lé, le found in early material (QL:52) is probably best avoided in LotR-style Quenya (in which langauge le is rather the pronoun "you"). Tolkien later seems to be experimenting with yo and ó/o as words for "with"; yo hildinyar in SD:56 probably means *"with my heirs", and VT43:29 reproduces a table where various pronouns are suffixed to ó-, probably meaning "with" (óni *"with me", ólë *"with you", etc.) In the essay Quendi and Eldar, Tolkien assigns a dual meaning to ó- as a prefix; it was used "in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units" (WJ:367; cf. 361 regarding the underlying stem WO, said to be a dual adverb "together"). The plural equivalent of dual ó- is yo- (as in yomenië, WJ:407 cf. 361 regarding the underlying root JŌ), and it may seem to be this yo that occurs as an independent preposition in yo hildinyar in SD:56. The idea that ó- is a distinctly dual form does not appear in all sources; in VT43:29 we have forms like *ómë *"with us", implying at least three persons. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya rendering of the Hail Mary, he experimented with various prepositional elements for the phrase "with thee" (see VT43:29). A form carelyë was replaced with aselyë in the final version. Removing the ending -lyë "thee" and the connecting vowel before it leaves us with \#as as the word (or a word) for "with"; this is ultimately related to the conjunction ar "and" (see VT43:30, 47:31). – In English, the preposition "with" may also have an instrumental force, which is best rendered by the Quenya instrumental case (e.g. *nambanen "with [= using] a hammer").
См. также в других словарях:
all-purpose — (adj.) by 1883, from ALL (Cf. all) + PURPOSE (Cf. purpose) … Etymology dictionary
all-purpose — adj. 1. not limited in use or function. Syn: general purpose. [WordNet 1.5] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
all-purpose — adj [only before noun] able to be used in any situation ▪ an all purpose cleaner … Dictionary of contemporary English
all-purpose — all ,purpose adjective able to be used in a lot of different ways: an all purpose stain remover … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
all-purpose — [ôl′pʉr΄pəs] adj. for every pertinent purpose; useful in many ways … English World dictionary
all-purpose — index practical Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
all-purpose — ADJ: ADJ n You use all purpose to refer to things that have lots of different uses or can be used in lots of different situations. You can substitute all purpose flour if you cannot find pastry flour … English dictionary
all-purpose — /awl perr peuhs/, adj. for every purpose: an all purpose detergent. [1925 30] * * * … Universalium
all-purpose — adj. All purpose is used with these nouns: ↑cleaner, ↑flour … Collocations dictionary
all-purpose — adjective (only before noun) able to be used in any situation: an all purpose cleaner … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
all-purpose — UK / US adjective able to be used in a lot of different ways an all purpose stain remover … English dictionary
