aliēnigena

ălĭēnĭgĕna, ae, m. (also, ălĭēnĭgĕ-nus, a, um, adj.; cf. Prisc. p. 677 P., and advena) [alienus-gigno], born in a foreign land; hence,

In gen., foreign, alien; and subst., a stranger, a foreigner, an alien.

Of persons (very freq. in Cic., esp. in his orations):

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3:

alienigenae hostes,

id. Cat. 4, 10; cf. Liv. 26, 13:

testes,

Cic. Font. 10:

dii,

id. Leg. 2, 10:

mulieres,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 11, 1.— Subst.:

quid alienigenae de vobis loqui soleant,

Cic. Fl. 27:

si ipse alienigena summi imperii potiretur,

Nep. Eum. 7, 1; Curt. 5, 11; 6, 3; Vulg. Lev. 22, 10; ib. Luc. 17, 18.—

Of things:

vino alienigenā utere,

Gell. 2, 24; and with the adj. form: ălĭēnĭgĕnus, a, um:

pisces alienigeni,

Col. 8, 16, 9:

fetus,

id. 8, 5, 10:

semina,

id. 3, 4, 1:

ALIENIGENVM CORPVS,

Inscr. Orell. 5048:

ne alienigenae justitiae obliti videamur,

Val. Max. 6, 5, 1 ext.:

exempla,

id. 1, 5, 1 ext.:

studia,

id. 2, 1 fin.:

sanguis,

id. 6, 2, 1 ext.:

conversationis,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 4, 13.—

In Lucr., produced from different materials, heterogeneous:

scire licet nobis venas et sanguen et ossa [et nervos alienigenis ex partibus esse],

Lucr. 1, 860; 1, 865; 1, 869; 1, 874; 5, 880.

* * *

* * *

advĕna, ae (acc. to Valer. Prob. 1439 and 1445 P., m., f., and n., like verna; cf.

, however,

Prisc. 677 P.: Inveniuntur quaedam ex communibus etiam neutri generi adjuncta, sed figurate per alloiotêta, ut advena, mancipium) [advenio], one who comes to a place; a foreigner, stranger, or alien; and adj., strange, foreign, alien, etc. (syn.: peregrinus, externus, exterus, alienus, alienigena; opp. indigena, native; class. both in prose and poetry).

Lit.: defessus perrogitandod advenas Fuit de gnatis, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 634 P. (Trag. Rel. p. 116 Rib.): advena anus paupercula, * Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 44:

volucres,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5:

advenam gruem,

Hor. Epod. 2, 35:

illas (ciconias) hiemis, has (grues) aestatis advenas,

Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:

Zeno Citieus advena,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11 fin.:

advena possessor agelli,

Verg. E. 9, 2:

exercitus advena,

id. A. 7, 38; id. ib. 10, 460:

Tibris advena,

as flowing from Etruria into the Roman territory, Ov. F. 2, 68:

amor advena,

love for a foreign maiden, id. A. A. 1, 75:

advenae reges,

Liv. 4, 3; Vulg. Gen. 19, 9:

advenae Romani,

ib. Act. 2, 10.—

Fig., a stranger to a thing, i.e. ignorant, unskilled, inexperienced = ignarus:

ne in nostra patria peregrini atque advenae esse videamur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 249; cf.:

non hospites, sed peregrini atque advenae nominabamur,

id. Agr. 2, 34 fin.; hence, poet. with gen.:

belli,

Stat. Th. 8, 556.

hostis (also fos-), is, comm. [Sanscr. root ghas-, to eat, consume, destroy; Germ. Gast; cf. also hasta], a stranger, foreigner; afterwards transf., an enemy (cf.:

adversarius, inimicus, perduellis): equidem etiam illud animadverto, quod qui proprio nomine perduellis esset, is hostis vocaretur, lenitate verbi rei tristitiam mitigatam. Hostis enim apud majores nostros is dicebatur, quem nunc peregrinum dicimus... quamquam id nomen durius effecit jam vetustas: a peregrino enim recessit et proprie in eo qui arma contra ferret remansit,

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.: hostis apud antiquos peregrinus dicebatur, et qui nunc hostis perduellio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 P.—

An enemy in arms or of one's country (opp. inimicus, a private enemy, or one who is inimically disposed).

Lit.:

qui (Pompeius) saepius cum hoste conflixit quam quisquam cum inimico concertavit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; cf.:

omnes nos statuit ille quidem non inimicos sed hostes,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 3;

opp. inimicus,

Curt. 7, 10 (v. also the foll.):

debent oratori sic esse adversariorum nota consilia, ut hostium imperatori,

Quint. 12, 1, 35:

legiones hostium,

Plaut. Am. prol. 136:

hostes nefarios prostravit,

Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27:

(bellum) compellere intra hostium moenia,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

vita ex hostium telis servata,

id. ib. 1, 3:

adventus hostium,

id. ib. 2, 3:

ut eam (probitatem) vel in eis quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligamus,

id. Lael. 9, 29:

hostem rapinis prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 4:

quando hostis alienigena terrae Italiae bellum intulisset,

Liv. 29, 10, 5:

servit Hispanae vetus hostis orae Cantaber sera domitus catena,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 21:

terra marique victus hostis,

id. Epod. 9, 27 et saep.:

inimicis quoque et hostibus ea indigna videri,

Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 105; cf.:

inimicus, hostis esset, tanta contumelia accepta,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

sibi inimicus atque hostis,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 29:

horum omnium communis hostis praedoque,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

tam dis hominibusque hostis,

id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; id. Att. 15, 21, 1:

Cn. Pompeius auctor et dux mei reditus, illius (Clodii) hostis,

id. Mil. 15, 39:

acer Bupalo hostis (Hipponax),

Hor. Epod. 6, 14:

fas est et ab hoste doceri,

Ov. M. 4, 428:

di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum!

Verg. G. 3, 513; cf. Ov. H. 16, 219; id. Am. 2, 10, 16; id. F. 3, 494; id. P. 4, 6, 35:

quam (aquam) hostis hosti commodat,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 21.— In fem.:

hostis est uxor, invita quae ad virum nuptum datur,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83:

nupta meretrici hostis est,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 23:

ut, quo die captam hostem vidisset, eodem matrimonio junctam acciperet,

Liv. 30, 14, 2:

cum certa videbitur hostis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 461; id. H. 6, 82; Prop. 1, 4, 18:

ille uxorem, tu hostem luges,

Curt. 4, 11, 4.—

Transf., of animals or things ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

qualem ministrum fulminis alitem... in ovilia Demisit hostem vividus impetus,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 10; Ov. F. 1, 359:

rhinoceros genitus hostis elephanto,

Plin. 8, 20, 29, § 71.—Of a chessman:

unus cum gemino calculus hoste perit,

Ov. A. A. 3, 358:

fac, pereat vitreo miles ab hoste tuus,

id. ib. 2, 208:

rerum ipsa natura non parens sed noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, hostem veritatis invenit,

Quint. 12, 1, 2:

illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, studiorum perniciosissima hostis,

id. 2, 2, 10 —

Of an adversary in a suit, in a parody of the law of the Twelve Tables:

si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5; cf. also Gell. 16, 4, 4.

longinquus, a, um, adj. [longus], long, extensive.

Lit., in space.

In gen. (rare):

linea,

Plin. 9, 17, 26, § 59:

aequora,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 363:

amnes,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

In partic.

Far removed, far off, remote, distant (class.):

nos longinqui et a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

Cic. Fam. 15, 9, 1:

ex locis tam longinquis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 29:

longinqua Lacedaemon,

id. Att. 15, 9, 1:

nationes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

cura,

respecting things that are far off, Liv. 22, 23:

longinquiores loci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 27:

vulnera, i. e. e longinquo accepta,

Luc. 3, 568.—In neutr. absol.: ex (e) longinquo, from afar, from a distance:

e longinquo intueri,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; Tac. A. 1, 47; Sen. Ep. 22.— Plur.:

longinqua imperii adire,

the remote parts, Tac. A. 3, 34.—

Living far off, foreign, strange:

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:

Clodius aequaliter in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

id. Mil. 28, 76:

piscis,

Ov. Ib. 150.—

Transf., of time.

In gen., long, of long duration or continuance, prolonged, lasting, continued, tedious (class.; cf.:

diutinus, diuturnus): vita,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 136:

adfert vetustas omnibus in rebus longinqua observatione incredibilem scientiam,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 109:

dolores,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

oppugnatio,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

consuetudo,

id. B. G. 1, 47:

militia,

Liv. 4, 18.— Comp.:

longinquiore tempore bellum confecturum,

Nep. Them. 4, 3.—

In partic.

Long deferred, distant (rare):

cum spe perrumpendi periculi, vel in longinquum tempus differendi,

Cic. Part. Or. 32, 112:

cum... aut tempore longinqua aut praeceps periculo victoria esset,

Liv. 9, 24, 2:

spes longinqua et sera,

Tac. A. 13, 37.—

Old, ancient:

monumenta,

Plin. 13, 12, 26, § 83. —

Remote, far-fetched:

sunt et durae (translationes), id est a longinqua similitudine ductae, ut "capitis nives," etc.,

Quint. 8, 6, 17.—Hence, adv., in three forms: lon-ginquē, longinquō, and longin-quom (only ante- and post - class.).

A long way off, far away: longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 515, 14 (Trag. v. 103, Vahl.).—

In time, long, a long while:

odiosast oratio, quom rem agas, longinquom loqui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 25:

servus longinquo absens,

Dig. 30, 3; so ib. 3, 3, 44.— Comp.:

longinquius diutiusque adesse,

Gell. 1, 22, 12.—

After a long interval:

historiam scripsere Pictor incondite, Sisenna longinque,

Fronto Ep. ad Ver. 1 Mai.

longinquus, a, um, adj. [longus], long, extensive.

Lit., in space.

In gen. (rare):

linea,

Plin. 9, 17, 26, § 59:

aequora,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 363:

amnes,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

In partic.

Far removed, far off, remote, distant (class.):

nos longinqui et a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

Cic. Fam. 15, 9, 1:

ex locis tam longinquis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 29:

longinqua Lacedaemon,

id. Att. 15, 9, 1:

nationes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

cura,

respecting things that are far off, Liv. 22, 23:

longinquiores loci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 27:

vulnera, i. e. e longinquo accepta,

Luc. 3, 568.—In neutr. absol.: ex (e) longinquo, from afar, from a distance:

e longinquo intueri,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; Tac. A. 1, 47; Sen. Ep. 22.— Plur.:

longinqua imperii adire,

the remote parts, Tac. A. 3, 34.—

Living far off, foreign, strange:

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:

Clodius aequaliter in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

id. Mil. 28, 76:

piscis,

Ov. Ib. 150.—

Transf., of time.

In gen., long, of long duration or continuance, prolonged, lasting, continued, tedious (class.; cf.:

diutinus, diuturnus): vita,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 136:

adfert vetustas omnibus in rebus longinqua observatione incredibilem scientiam,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 109:

dolores,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

oppugnatio,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

consuetudo,

id. B. G. 1, 47:

militia,

Liv. 4, 18.— Comp.:

longinquiore tempore bellum confecturum,

Nep. Them. 4, 3.—

In partic.

Long deferred, distant (rare):

cum spe perrumpendi periculi, vel in longinquum tempus differendi,

Cic. Part. Or. 32, 112:

cum... aut tempore longinqua aut praeceps periculo victoria esset,

Liv. 9, 24, 2:

spes longinqua et sera,

Tac. A. 13, 37.—

Old, ancient:

monumenta,

Plin. 13, 12, 26, § 83. —

Remote, far-fetched:

sunt et durae (translationes), id est a longinqua similitudine ductae, ut "capitis nives," etc.,

Quint. 8, 6, 17.—Hence, adv., in three forms: lon-ginquē, longinquō, and longin-quom (only ante- and post - class.).

A long way off, far away: longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 515, 14 (Trag. v. 103, Vahl.).—

In time, long, a long while:

odiosast oratio, quom rem agas, longinquom loqui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 25:

servus longinquo absens,

Dig. 30, 3; so ib. 3, 3, 44.— Comp.:

longinquius diutiusque adesse,

Gell. 1, 22, 12.—

After a long interval:

historiam scripsere Pictor incondite, Sisenna longinque,

Fronto Ep. ad Ver. 1 Mai.

pĕrĕgrīnus, a, um, adj. [peregre], that comes from foreign parts, strange, foreign, exotic (cf.: exter, externus).

Lit.

In gen.

Adj.:

ad portum mittunt servulos, ancillulas: peregrina navis, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 65:

facies,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 9:

homo,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 71:

mulier,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 20:

caelum,

Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 25:

amnes,

id. M. 8, 836:

arbores,

Plin. 15, 13, 12, § 43:

aves,

id. 9, 17, 29, § 63:

morbus,

id. 26, 10, 64, § 100:

eluamus hodie peregrina omnia,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 19 (668 Ritschl):

labor,

i. e. of travelling, Cat. 31, 8:

amores,

for foreign women, Ov. H. 9, 47:

fasti,

of foreign nations, id. F. 3, 87:

divitiae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 204:

mores,

Juv. 6, 298:

terror,

of a foreign enemy, Liv. 3, 16:

velut peregrinum otium alicui permittere,

almost the leisure of a stranger, Tac. A. 14, 53:

peregrina sacra appellantur, quae coluntur eorum more, a quibus sunt accepta,

Fest. p. 237 Müll.—

Subst.: pĕrĕgrīnus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger (very freq. and class.; syn.: hospes, advena, alienigena;

opp. civis): peregrinus ego sum,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58:

peregrini atque advenae,

Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 94:

peregrini et incolae officium est,

id. Off. 1, 34:

peregrini reges,

id. Sull. 7, 22:

ne in nostrā patriā peregrini atque advenae esse videamur,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 249.—

pĕrĕgrīna, ae, f., a foreign woman ( poet.), Ter. And. 1, 1, 119; 3, 1, 11.—

Subst., in partic., opp. to a Roman citizen, a foreign resident, an alien:

neque civem, neque peregrinum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77: peregrinus fit is, cui aquā et igni interdictum est, Regul. tit. 11; Dig. 28, 5, 6.—

As adj.:

praetor,

who decided causes between foreign residents, Dig. 1, 2, 2; cf. Liv. 21, 15; 45, 16:

peregrinus ager est, qui neque Romanus, neque hosticus habetur,

Fest. p. 245 Müll.; cf.:

agrorum sunt genera quinque, Romanus, Gabinus, peregrinus, hosticus, incertus, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 33 Müll.:

peregrini milites,

Roman troops who were not Roman citizens, Inscr. Orell. 3467 sq.; their quarters in Rome were called, after them, CASTRA PEREGRINA, and were situated in the second region, by the modern S. Stefano Rotondo, ib. 9; cf.

Marin. Atti dei Frat. Arv. p. 434 sq.: provincia,

Liv. 40, 44.—

Trop., strange, raw, inexperienced (class.):

nullā in re tironem ac rudem, nec peregrinum atque hospitem in agendo esse,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218; id. Att. 6, 3, 4.

pĕrĕgrīnus, a, um, adj. [peregre], that comes from foreign parts, strange, foreign, exotic (cf.: exter, externus).

Lit.

In gen.

Adj.:

ad portum mittunt servulos, ancillulas: peregrina navis, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 65:

facies,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 9:

homo,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 71:

mulier,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 20:

caelum,

Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 25:

amnes,

id. M. 8, 836:

arbores,

Plin. 15, 13, 12, § 43:

aves,

id. 9, 17, 29, § 63:

morbus,

id. 26, 10, 64, § 100:

eluamus hodie peregrina omnia,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 19 (668 Ritschl):

labor,

i. e. of travelling, Cat. 31, 8:

amores,

for foreign women, Ov. H. 9, 47:

fasti,

of foreign nations, id. F. 3, 87:

divitiae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 204:

mores,

Juv. 6, 298:

terror,

of a foreign enemy, Liv. 3, 16:

velut peregrinum otium alicui permittere,

almost the leisure of a stranger, Tac. A. 14, 53:

peregrina sacra appellantur, quae coluntur eorum more, a quibus sunt accepta,

Fest. p. 237 Müll.—

Subst.: pĕrĕgrīnus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger (very freq. and class.; syn.: hospes, advena, alienigena;

opp. civis): peregrinus ego sum,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58:

peregrini atque advenae,

Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 94:

peregrini et incolae officium est,

id. Off. 1, 34:

peregrini reges,

id. Sull. 7, 22:

ne in nostrā patriā peregrini atque advenae esse videamur,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 249.—

pĕrĕgrīna, ae, f., a foreign woman ( poet.), Ter. And. 1, 1, 119; 3, 1, 11.—

Subst., in partic., opp. to a Roman citizen, a foreign resident, an alien:

neque civem, neque peregrinum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77: peregrinus fit is, cui aquā et igni interdictum est, Regul. tit. 11; Dig. 28, 5, 6.—

As adj.:

praetor,

who decided causes between foreign residents, Dig. 1, 2, 2; cf. Liv. 21, 15; 45, 16:

peregrinus ager est, qui neque Romanus, neque hosticus habetur,

Fest. p. 245 Müll.; cf.:

agrorum sunt genera quinque, Romanus, Gabinus, peregrinus, hosticus, incertus, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 33 Müll.:

peregrini milites,

Roman troops who were not Roman citizens, Inscr. Orell. 3467 sq.; their quarters in Rome were called, after them, CASTRA PEREGRINA, and were situated in the second region, by the modern S. Stefano Rotondo, ib. 9; cf.

Marin. Atti dei Frat. Arv. p. 434 sq.: provincia,

Liv. 40, 44.—

Trop., strange, raw, inexperienced (class.):

nullā in re tironem ac rudem, nec peregrinum atque hospitem in agendo esse,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218; id. Att. 6, 3, 4.