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  • 41 Goddard, Dr Robert Hutchings

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 5 October 1882 Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 10 August 1945 Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    [br]
    American inventory developer of rocket propulsion.
    [br]
    At the age of seventeen Goddard climbed a tree and, seeing the view from above, he became determined to make some device with which to ascend towards the planets. In an autobiography, published in 1959 in the journal Astronautics, he stated, "I was a different boy when I descended the ladder. Life now had a purpose for me." His first idea was to launch a projectile by centrifugal force, but in 1909 he started to design a rocket that was to be multi-stage and fuelled by liquid oxygen and hydrogen. Not long before the First World War he produced a report, "A method of reaching extreme altitudes", which was for the Smithsonian Institution and was published in book form in 1919. During the war he worked on solid-fuelled rockets as weapons. His book contained notes on the amount of fuel required to raise 1 lb (454 g) of payload to an infinite altitude. He incurred ridicule as "the moon man" when he proposed the use of flash powder to indicate successful arrival on the moon. In 1923 he severed his connections with military work and returned to the University of Massachusetts. On 16 March 1926 he launched the world's first liquid-fuelled rocket from his aunt's farm in Auburn, Massachusetts; powered by gasoline and liquid oxygen, it flew to a height of 12 m (40 ft) and travelled 54 m (177 ft) in 2.4 seconds.
    In November 1929 he met the aviator Charles Lindbergh, who persuaded both the Guggenheim Foundation and the Carnegie Institute to support Goddard's experiments financially. He moved to the more suitable location of the Mescalere Ranch, near Roswell, New Mexico, where he worked until 1941. His liquid-fuelled rockets reached speeds of 1,100 km/h (700 mph) and heights of 2,500 m (8,000ft). He investigated the use of the gyroscope to steady his rockets and the assembly of power units in clusters to increase the total thrust. In 1941 he moved to the naval establishment at Annapolis, Maryland, working on liquid-fuelled rockets to assist the take-off of aircraft from carriers. He worked for the US Government on this and the development of military rockets until his death from throat cancer in 1945. In all, he was granted 214 patents, roughly three per year of his life.
    In 1960 the US Government admitted infringement of Goddard's patents during the rocket programme of the 1950s and awarded his widow a payment of $1,000,000, while the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) honoured him by naming the Goddard Spaceflight Center near Washington, DC, after him. The Goddard Memorial Library at Clark University, in his home town of Worcester, Massachusetts, was also named in his honour.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Osman, 1983, Space History, London: Michael Joseph. P.Marsh, 1985, The Space Business, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
    K.C.Parley, 1991, Robert H.Goddard, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Burdett Press. T.Streissguth, 1994, Rocket Man: The Story of Robert Goddard, Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Books.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Goddard, Dr Robert Hutchings

  • 42 structure

    1. строение, структура

    ablating shell structure абляционное ( теплозащитное) покрытие

    aerospace sandwich structure слоистая конструкция с заполнителем для авиационно-космической техники

    aircraft sandwich structure авиационная слоистая конструкция с заполнителем

    all-metal structure цельнометаллическая конструкция

    all-metal high-strength-low-weight structure цельнометаллическая конструкция с высокой удельной прочностью

    aluminum structure алюминиевая конструкция

    aluminum-faced sandwich structure слоистая конструкция с алюминиевой обшивкой

    aluminum-honeycomb sandwich structure слоистая конструкция с сотовым алюминиевым заполнителем

    as-hardened structure структура в закалённом состоянии

    austenitic structure аустенитная структура

    bainitic structure бейнитная структура

    band structure зонная структура

    cellular structure ячеистая структура

    cementite structure структура цементита

    coarse-grain structure крупнозернистая структура

    columnar structure столбчатая структура

    composite structure конструкция из композиционного материала

    controlled eutectic structure направленная [закристаллизованная] эвтектическая структура

    cross-linked structure сшитая структура

    crystalline structure кристаллическая структура

    cyclonetwork structure циклосетчатая структура

    dendritic structure дендритное строение

    dislocation structure дислокационная структура

    domain structure доменная структура

    double-walled structure двухслойная конструкция

    efficient structure эффективная конструкция

    efficient strength-weight structure конструкция с высокой удельной прочностью

    electronic structure электронная структура

    epitaxial structure эпитаксиальная структура

    eutectic structure эвтектическая структура

    face-centered cubic structure гранецентрированная кубическая структура

    ferrite structure структура феррита

    fiber-glass-reinforced plastic-honeycomb structure сотовая конструкция с обшивкой из стеклопластика

    fibrous structure волокнистая структура

    filament-wound structure конструкция, полученная методом намотки нити; намотанная структура

    filler structure структура наполнителя

    fine structure тонкая структура

    fine-grain structure мелкозернистая [тонкозернистая] структура

    flake structure чешуйчатая структура

    foamed-sandwich structure слоистая конструкция с пенонаполнителем

    foaming structure пенистая [пенообразная] структура

    foamy structure пенообразная [пенистая] структура

    garnet structure структура граната

    grain structure зернистая структура

    granular structure зернистая структура

    honeycomb structure 1) сотовая конструкция 2) сотообразная [ячеистая] структура

    honeycomb bonded structure клеёная сотовая конструкция

    honeycomb sandwich structure слоистая конструкция с сотовым заполнителем

    ladder structure лестничная структура ( полимера)

    laminated structure 1) слоистая структура 2) слоистая конструкция

    lattice structure строение решётки

    layered structure 1) слоистая структура 2) слоистая конструкция

    linear structure линейная [двухмерная] структура

    load-carrying structure несущая [силовая] конструкция

    macromolecular structure макромолекулярная структура

    macroscopic structure макроструктура, макростроение

    martensite structure структура мартенсита

    maximum strength-to-weight structure конструкция с максимальной удельной прочностью

    metallic structure 1) строение металла 2) строение сплава 3) металлическая конструкция

    metal-to-metal adhesive bonded structure склеенная металлическая конструкция

    microcellular structure микропористая структура

    macrocrystalline structure микрокристаллическая структура

    microscopic structure микроструктура, микростроение

    needle-like structure игольчатая структура

    net structure сетчатая структура

    netting structure структура укладки ( волокон)

    ordered structure упорядоченная структура

    perlitic structure перлитная структура

    plate-like structure пластинчатая структура

    polycrystalline structure поликристаллическая структура

    polymeric structure полимерная структура

    random structure неориентированная [хаотичная] структура

    sandwich structure 1) слоистая конструкция с заполнителем 2) слоистая структура

    space-network structure сетчатая [пространственная, трёхмерная] структура

    spatial structure пространственная [трёхмерная, сетчатая] структура

    three-dimensional structure трёхмерная [пространственная, сетчатая] структура

    streaky structure полосчатая структура

    titanium-faced fiber-glass honeycomb core sandwich structure слоистая конструкция с заполнителем из стеклопластика и титановой обшивкой

    twinned structure двойниковая структура

    two-phase structure двухфазная структура

    ultramicrocellular structure ультрамикропористая структура

    void structure пористая структура

    wound structure конструкция, полученная намоткой ( волокна)

    English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > structure

  • 43 folding

    folding drag strut
    складывающийся задний подкос
    folding ladder
    складывающаяся стремянка
    folding plastic tank
    складной резервуар из синтетического материала
    folding seat
    откидное сиденье
    folding strut
    складывающийся подкос
    folding strut actuating cylinder
    силовой цилиндр складывающегося подкоса
    folding table
    откидной столик
    folding wing
    складывающееся крыло
    folding wing aircraft
    воздушное судно со складывающимся крылом
    unified folding maintenance platform
    унифицированная складирующаяся стремянка для обслуживания

    English-Russian aviation dictionary > folding

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