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41 Goddard, Dr Robert Hutchings
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 5 October 1882 Worcester, Massachusetts, USAd. 10 August 1945 Baltimore, Maryland, USA[br]American inventory developer of rocket propulsion.[br]At the age of seventeen Goddard climbed a tree and, seeing the view from above, he became determined to make some device with which to ascend towards the planets. In an autobiography, published in 1959 in the journal Astronautics, he stated, "I was a different boy when I descended the ladder. Life now had a purpose for me." His first idea was to launch a projectile by centrifugal force, but in 1909 he started to design a rocket that was to be multi-stage and fuelled by liquid oxygen and hydrogen. Not long before the First World War he produced a report, "A method of reaching extreme altitudes", which was for the Smithsonian Institution and was published in book form in 1919. During the war he worked on solid-fuelled rockets as weapons. His book contained notes on the amount of fuel required to raise 1 lb (454 g) of payload to an infinite altitude. He incurred ridicule as "the moon man" when he proposed the use of flash powder to indicate successful arrival on the moon. In 1923 he severed his connections with military work and returned to the University of Massachusetts. On 16 March 1926 he launched the world's first liquid-fuelled rocket from his aunt's farm in Auburn, Massachusetts; powered by gasoline and liquid oxygen, it flew to a height of 12 m (40 ft) and travelled 54 m (177 ft) in 2.4 seconds.In November 1929 he met the aviator Charles Lindbergh, who persuaded both the Guggenheim Foundation and the Carnegie Institute to support Goddard's experiments financially. He moved to the more suitable location of the Mescalere Ranch, near Roswell, New Mexico, where he worked until 1941. His liquid-fuelled rockets reached speeds of 1,100 km/h (700 mph) and heights of 2,500 m (8,000ft). He investigated the use of the gyroscope to steady his rockets and the assembly of power units in clusters to increase the total thrust. In 1941 he moved to the naval establishment at Annapolis, Maryland, working on liquid-fuelled rockets to assist the take-off of aircraft from carriers. He worked for the US Government on this and the development of military rockets until his death from throat cancer in 1945. In all, he was granted 214 patents, roughly three per year of his life.In 1960 the US Government admitted infringement of Goddard's patents during the rocket programme of the 1950s and awarded his widow a payment of $1,000,000, while the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) honoured him by naming the Goddard Spaceflight Center near Washington, DC, after him. The Goddard Memorial Library at Clark University, in his home town of Worcester, Massachusetts, was also named in his honour.[br]Further ReadingA.Osman, 1983, Space History, London: Michael Joseph. P.Marsh, 1985, The Space Business, Harmondsworth: Penguin.K.C.Parley, 1991, Robert H.Goddard, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Burdett Press. T.Streissguth, 1994, Rocket Man: The Story of Robert Goddard, Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Books.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Goddard, Dr Robert Hutchings
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42 structure
1. строение, структура2. конструкцияablating shell structure — абляционное ( теплозащитное) покрытие
aerospace sandwich structure — слоистая конструкция с заполнителем для авиационно-космической техники
aircraft sandwich structure — авиационная слоистая конструкция с заполнителем
all-metal structure — цельнометаллическая конструкция
all-metal high-strength-low-weight structure — цельнометаллическая конструкция с высокой удельной прочностью
aluminum structure — алюминиевая конструкция
aluminum-faced sandwich structure — слоистая конструкция с алюминиевой обшивкой
aluminum-honeycomb sandwich structure — слоистая конструкция с сотовым алюминиевым заполнителем
as-hardened structure — структура в закалённом состоянии
austenitic structure — аустенитная структура
bainitic structure — бейнитная структура
band structure — зонная структура
cellular structure — ячеистая структура
cementite structure — структура цементита
coarse-grain structure — крупнозернистая структура
columnar structure — столбчатая структура
composite structure — конструкция из композиционного материала
controlled eutectic structure — направленная [закристаллизованная] эвтектическая структура
cross-linked structure — сшитая структура
crystalline structure — кристаллическая структура
cyclonetwork structure — циклосетчатая структура
dendritic structure — дендритное строение
dislocation structure — дислокационная структура
domain structure — доменная структура
double-walled structure — двухслойная конструкция
efficient structure — эффективная конструкция
efficient strength-weight structure — конструкция с высокой удельной прочностью
electronic structure — электронная структура
epitaxial structure — эпитаксиальная структура
eutectic structure — эвтектическая структура
face-centered cubic structure — гранецентрированная кубическая структура
ferrite structure — структура феррита
fiber-glass-reinforced plastic-honeycomb structure — сотовая конструкция с обшивкой из стеклопластика
fibrous structure — волокнистая структура
filament-wound structure — конструкция, полученная методом намотки нити; намотанная структура
filler structure — структура наполнителя
fine structure — тонкая структура
fine-grain structure — мелкозернистая [тонкозернистая] структура
flake structure — чешуйчатая структура
foamed-sandwich structure — слоистая конструкция с пенонаполнителем
foaming structure — пенистая [пенообразная] структура
foamy structure — пенообразная [пенистая] структура
garnet structure — структура граната
grain structure — зернистая структура
granular structure — зернистая структура
honeycomb structure — 1) сотовая конструкция 2) сотообразная [ячеистая] структура
honeycomb bonded structure — клеёная сотовая конструкция
honeycomb sandwich structure — слоистая конструкция с сотовым заполнителем
ladder structure — лестничная структура ( полимера)
laminated structure — 1) слоистая структура 2) слоистая конструкция
lattice structure — строение решётки
layered structure — 1) слоистая структура 2) слоистая конструкция
linear structure — линейная [двухмерная] структура
load-carrying structure — несущая [силовая] конструкция
macromolecular structure — макромолекулярная структура
macroscopic structure — макроструктура, макростроение
martensite structure — структура мартенсита
maximum strength-to-weight structure — конструкция с максимальной удельной прочностью
metallic structure — 1) строение металла 2) строение сплава 3) металлическая конструкция
metal-to-metal adhesive bonded structure — склеенная металлическая конструкция
microcellular structure — микропористая структура
macrocrystalline structure — микрокристаллическая структура
microscopic structure — микроструктура, микростроение
needle-like structure — игольчатая структура
net structure — сетчатая структура
netting structure — структура укладки ( волокон)
ordered structure — упорядоченная структура
perlitic structure — перлитная структура
plate-like structure — пластинчатая структура
polycrystalline structure — поликристаллическая структура
polymeric structure — полимерная структура
random structure — неориентированная [хаотичная] структура
sandwich structure — 1) слоистая конструкция с заполнителем 2) слоистая структура
space-network structure — сетчатая [пространственная, трёхмерная] структура
spatial structure — пространственная [трёхмерная, сетчатая] структура
three-dimensional structure — трёхмерная [пространственная, сетчатая] структура
streaky structure — полосчатая структура
titanium-faced fiber-glass honeycomb core sandwich structure — слоистая конструкция с заполнителем из стеклопластика и титановой обшивкой
twinned structure — двойниковая структура
two-phase structure — двухфазная структура
ultramicrocellular structure — ультрамикропористая структура
void structure — пористая структура
wound structure — конструкция, полученная намоткой ( волокна)
English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > structure
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43 folding
folding drag strutскладывающийся задний подкосfolding ladderскладывающаяся стремянкаfolding plastic tankскладной резервуар из синтетического материалаfolding seatоткидное сиденьеfolding strutскладывающийся подкосfolding strut actuating cylinderсиловой цилиндр складывающегося подкосаfolding tableоткидной столикfolding wingскладывающееся крылоfolding wing aircraftвоздушное судно со складывающимся крыломunified folding maintenance platformунифицированная складирующаяся стремянка для обслуживания
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