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aid+effectiveness

Толкование Перевод

1 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness

Международные отношения: Парижская декларация по повышению эффективности внешней помощи (март 2005 г.)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
2 aid-tying

сущ.

пол., эк. (предоставление помощи развивающимся странам только при условии выполнении этими странами определенными требований)

Despite the fact that the proportion of aid-tying has declined recently, tied aid still negatively affects the effectiveness. — Несмотря на произошедшее в последнее время снижение доли обусловленной помощи, она продолжает оказывать негативное влияние на эффективность.

Aid tying is the practice of granting development assistance on condition that the beneficiary country uses the money to buy goods and services in the country granting that aid. — Обусловленная помощь — это практика предоставления помощи развивающимся странам с условием, что получающая помощь страна использует деньги для покупки товаров и услуг, произведенных в стране, предоставляющей эту помощь.

See:

aid with strings, tied aid

* * *
"привязка" помощи: обусловленность предоставления помощи определенными требованиями (напр., об использовании полученных средств для закупок в стране-доноре).

Англо-русский экономический словарь > aid-tying
3 Парижская декларация по повышению эффективности внешней помощи

International relations: Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (март 2005 г.)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Парижская декларация по повышению эффективности внешней помощи
4 audífono

m.

1 earphone, ear cup, earpiece, ear-phone.

2 hearing aid.

* * *

audífono

► nombre masculino

1 hearing aid, deaf aid

* * *

SM

1) [de sordo] hearing aid

2) LAm (=auricular) receiver
pl audífonos (=cascos) headphones
* * *

masculino

a) ( para sordos) hearing aid, deaf-aid (BrE)

b) ( de radio) earphone

c) audífonos masculino plural (AmL) headphones (pl)

* * *

= hearing aid.

Ex. Physical access to the library is not a problem, but congenital deafness may reduce competent use of language, background noise can reduce the effectiveness of a hearing aid, not all deaf people can lip-read or use sign language.

* * *

masculino

a) ( para sordos) hearing aid, deaf-aid (BrE)

b) ( de radio) earphone

c) audífonos masculino plural (AmL) headphones (pl)

* * *

= hearing aid.

Ex: Physical access to the library is not a problem, but congenital deafness may reduce competent use of language, background noise can reduce the effectiveness of a hearing aid, not all deaf people can lip-read or use sign language.

* * *

audífono

masculine

1 (para sordos) hearing aid, deaf-aid ( BrE)

2 (de una radio) earphone

3 audífonos mpl ( AmL) headphones (pl)

* * *

audífono sustantivo masculino
a) ( para sordos) hearing aid, deaf-aid (BrE)

b) ( de radio) earphone

c)

◊ audífonos sustantivo masculino plural (AmL) headphones (pl)

audífono, audiófono m Med hearing aid
' audífono' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
audiófono
English:
earphones
- hearing aid
- deaf-aid
- hearing

* * *

audífono nm

1. [para sordos] hearing aid

2. Am
audífonos [cascos] headphones

* * *

audífono

I m para sordos hearing aid

II audífonos mpl L.Am. ( cascos) headphones

* * *

audífono nm

1) : hearing aid

2) audífonos nmpl

: headphones, earphones

Spanish-English dictionary > audífono
5 herramienta de búsqueda

(n.) = search aid, finding aid, search tool

Ex. Help desks, training courses, manuals, newsletters and other search aids can influence the effectiveness of a searcher.

Ex. Librarians will need to take an active role in teaching researchers how to use finding aids and source materials.

Ex. At the same time the search tool also has to accommodate common needs, such as simultaneous search on all library catalogues.

* * *

(n.) = search aid, finding aid, search tool

Ex: Help desks, training courses, manuals, newsletters and other search aids can influence the effectiveness of a searcher.

Ex: Librarians will need to take an active role in teaching researchers how to use finding aids and source materials.

Ex: At the same time the search tool also has to accommodate common needs, such as simultaneous search on all library catalogues.

Spanish-English dictionary > herramienta de búsqueda
6 asistencia social

f.

social work, social service.

* * *

asistencia social

social assistance

* * *

welfare

* * *

university course/degree in social work

* * *

(n.) = social relief, welfare, social work, social casework

Ex. In UDC under 361 social relief we find.9 Relief or aid in emergencies, disasters;.91 Earthquakes, storms, hurricanes;.92 Floods;.93 War, civil war;.94 Epidemics;.95 Famine; and.96 Fires, conflagrations.

Ex. For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, War and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.

Ex. I believe that delving into social work dilutes the library's effectiveness.

Ex. The role of the library was not regarded as counselling, social casework or advocacy, but simply facilitating access to information.

* * *

university course/degree in social work

* * *

(n.) = social relief, welfare, social work, social casework

Ex: In UDC under 361 social relief we find.9 Relief or aid in emergencies, disasters;.91 Earthquakes, storms, hurricanes;.92 Floods;.93 War, civil war;.94 Epidemics;.95 Famine; and.96 Fires, conflagrations.

Ex: For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, War and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.

Ex: I believe that delving into social work dilutes the library's effectiveness.

Ex: The role of the library was not regarded as counselling, social casework or advocacy, but simply facilitating access to information.

* * *

asistencia social

social work

Spanish-English dictionary > asistencia social
7 congénito

adj.

1 congenital, built-in, inborn, inbuilt.

2 congenital, existing before or at birth but not hereditary, portal, syngenic.

* * *

congénito

► adjetivo

1 congenital

2 figurado innate

* * *

ADJ congenital

* * *

- ta adjetivo congenital

* * *

= congenital, inborn.

Ex. Physical access to the library is not a problem, but congenital deafness may reduce competent use of language, background noise can reduce the effectiveness of a hearing aid, not all deaf people can lip-read or use sign language.

Ex. Most cerebral aneurysms are congenital, resulting from an inborn abnormality in an artery wall.

----

* defecto congénito = congenital defect, birth defect.

* enfermedad congénita = congenital disorder.

* * *

- ta adjetivo congenital

* * *

= congenital, inborn.

Ex: Physical access to the library is not a problem, but congenital deafness may reduce competent use of language, background noise can reduce the effectiveness of a hearing aid, not all deaf people can lip-read or use sign language.

Ex: Most cerebral aneurysms are congenital, resulting from an inborn abnormality in an artery wall.

* defecto congénito = congenital defect, birth defect.

* enfermedad congénita = congenital disorder.

* * *

congénito -ta

adjective

congenital

* * *

congénito
◊ -ta adjetivo

congenital
congénito,-a adjetivo congenital

' congénito' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
congénita
English:
congenital

* * *

congénito, -a adj

1. [enfermedad] congenital

2. Fam [talento, estupidez] innate

* * *

congénito

adj congenital

* * *

congénito, -ta adj

: congenital

Spanish-English dictionary > congénito
8 gravamen

m.

1 tax (impuesto).

2 burden.

3 lien, encumbrance, burden.

* * *

gravamen

► nombre masculino (pl gravámenes)

1 (carga) burden, obligation

2 (impuesto) tax, duty

* * *

SM

1) (=impuesto) tax

exento de gravamen — exempt from tax

libre de gravamen — free of tax, tax-free

2) [de aduanas] duty

3) (=carga) burden, obligation; (Jur) lien, encumbrance

libre de gravamen — free from encumbrances, unencumbered

gravamen bancario — banker's lien

gravamen del vendedor — vendor's lien

gravamen general — general lien

* * *

masculino ( impuesto) tax; ( carga) burden; (sobre finca, casa) encumbrance

- gravamen arancelario

* * *

= encumbrance, levy, levy tax, tax [taxes, -pl.].

Ex. Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.

Ex. These 'own resources' comprise agricultural and sugar levies, customs duties and a percentage of value added tax (VAT).

Ex. Excluded is the 1% levy tax which will be added to invoice upon check-out = No está incluido un 1% de canon que se añadirá al abonar la factura al final de la estancia.

Ex. Financed with taxes voted by the county and with state and federal aid, the central library maintains eight branch libraries and three bookmobiles.

----

* libre de gravámenes = unencumbered.

* tipo de gravamen = tax rate.

* tipo de gravamen marginal = marginal tax rate.

* * *

masculino ( impuesto) tax; ( carga) burden; (sobre finca, casa) encumbrance

- gravamen arancelario

* * *

= encumbrance, levy, levy tax, tax [taxes, -pl.].

Ex: Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.

Ex: These 'own resources' comprise agricultural and sugar levies, customs duties and a percentage of value added tax (VAT).

Ex: Excluded is the 1% levy tax which will be added to invoice upon check-out = No está incluido un 1% de canon que se añadirá al abonar la factura al final de la estancia.

Ex: Financed with taxes voted by the county and with state and federal aid, the central library maintains eight branch libraries and three bookmobiles.

* libre de gravámenes = unencumbered.

* tipo de gravamen = tax rate.

* tipo de gravamen marginal = marginal tax rate.

* * *

gravamen

masculine

1 (impuesto) tax

2 (carga) burden

3 (sobre una finca, casa) encumbrance

Compuesto:

gravamen arancelario

customs duty

* * *

gravamen sustantivo masculino ( impuesto) tax;
( carga) burden;
(sobre finca, casa) encumbrance
gravamen sustantivo masculino
1 (impuesto) tax
2 (carga, obligación) burden
' gravamen' also found in these entries:
English:
assessment

* * *

gravamen nm

1. [impuesto] tax;

libre de gravamen unencumbered, free from encumbrances

2. [obligación moral] burden

* * *

gravamen

m tax

* * *

gravamen nm, pl - vámenes

1) : burden, obligation

2) : (property) tax

Spanish-English dictionary > gravamen
9 leer los labios

(v.) = lip-read

Ex. Physical access to the library is not a problem, but congenital deafness may reduce competent use of language, background noise can reduce the effectiveness of a hearing aid, not all deaf people can lip-read or use sign language.

* * *

(v.) = lip-read

Ex: Physical access to the library is not a problem, but congenital deafness may reduce competent use of language, background noise can reduce the effectiveness of a hearing aid, not all deaf people can lip-read or use sign language.

Spanish-English dictionary > leer los labios
10 legal

1) законна дія

2) законний, легальний; заснований на законі; заснований на загальному праві, який регулюється загальним правом; легітимний; правовий; правознавчий; правомірний; правосудний; судовий; узаконений; юридичний

•

legal and administrative machinery for family support — правові і адміністративні заходи підтримки сім'ї

legal capacity to conclude a contract — правоздатність укладати (комерційну) угоду

Legal Committee of the UN General Assembly — Юридичний комітет Генеральної Асамблеї ООН

legal documentation of a marriage — правове документальне оформлення шлюбу

legal gap in protection afforded — прогалина у правовому захисті, що надається

legal means of resolving a dispute — правові засоби вирішення спору

legal obligations under international law — юридичні зобов'язання за міжнародним правом

legal power to correct legal errors — надане законом право виправляти юридичні ( або судові) помилки

legal regulation of familial relationships — правове регулювання сімейних відносин

legal representative of the state — законний представник держави

legal test of criminal responsibility — правова перевірка кримінальної відповідальності

- legal ability
- legal abortion
- legal abuse
- legal access
- legal accountability
- legal acquisition
- legal act
- legal action
- legal activities
- legal activities activity
- legal acts
- legal address
- legal administration
- legal advertisement
- legal advice
- legal advice bureau
- legal advice center
- legal advice centre
- legal advice office
- legal adviser
- legal advisor
- legal age
- legal agency
- legal agent
- legal aid
- legal aid agency
- legal aid bureau
- legal aid office
- legal aid order
- legal alien
- legal analogy
- legal analysis
- legal approach
- legal area
- legal argument
- legal arrest
- legal aspect
- legal assets
- legal assignment
- legal assistance
- legal assistant
- legal assumption
- legal author
- legal autonomy
- legal awareness
- legal bar
- legal barrier
- legal basis
- legal bill
- legal body
- legal bond
- legal boundary
- legal burden
- legal business
- legal cadres
- legal calendar
- legal capacity
- legal capital
- legal career
- legal case
- legal category
- legal cause
- legal certainty
- legal challenge
- legal changes
- legal charge
- legal check
- legal cheque
- legal circumstance
- legal citation
- legal claim
- legal closing time
- legal code
- legal coercion
- legal committee
- legal competence
- legal complexity
- legal concept
- legal condition
- legal confinement
- legal conflict
- legal conscience
- legal consequence
- legal consequences
- legal consideration
- legal construction
- legal consultation
- legal context
- legal continuity
- legal control
- legal controversy
- legal conviction
- legal-correctional process
- legal costs
- legal councilor
- legal councillor
- legal counsel
- legal counseling
- legal counselor
- legal counsellor
- legal crackdown
- legal crime
- legal culture
- legal currency
- legal custody
- legal custom
- legal decision
- legal deduction
- legal defect
- legal defence
- legal defense
- legal deficiency
- legal definition
- legal delinquency
- legal delivery
- legal demand
- legal deontology
- legal department
- legal dependence
- legal deposit copy
- legal deposit library
- legal descent
- legal details
- legal detention
- legal device
- legal difference
- legal disability
- legal disadvantage
- legal discretion
- legal discrimination
- legal dispute
- legal doctrine
- legal document
- legal documentation
- legal drinking
- legal drinking age
- legal drinking limit
- legal drug
- legal duty
- legal duty
- legal eagle
- legal eavesdropping
- legal education
- legal effect
- legal effectiveness
- legal efficacy
- legal enforcement
- legal enforcement of law
- legal enforcement procedure
- legal entity under public law
- legal entity
- legal environment
- legal equality
- legal equality of the sexes
- legal error
- legal essence
- legal estate
- legal ethics
- legal evaluation
- legal evidence
- legal excuse
- legal execution
- legal executive
- legal exemption
- legal expenses
- legal expenses insurance
- legal experience
- legal expert
- legal expertise
- legal explanation
- legal exposition
- legal fact
- legal father
- legal fees
- legal fetishism
- legal fiction
- legal field
- legal fight
- legal force
- legal form
- legal formality
- legal formula
- legal formulation
- legal foundation
- legal foundations
- legal frame
- legal framework
- legal framing
- legal fraud
- legal function
- legal gambler
- legal gambling
- legal gap
- legal glossator
- legal government
- legal ground
- legal groundwork
- legal guarantee
- legal guarantees
- legal guardian
- legal guilt
- legal hearing
- legal historian
- legal history
- legal holder
- legal holiday
- legal home
- legal humanism
- legal hypothesis
- legal identity
- legal immigration
- legal immunity
- legal implementation
- legal implication
- legal implications
- legal impossibility
- legal incapacity
- legal incident
- legal income
- legal incompetence
- legal information
- legal injury
- legal innovation
- legal innovation
- legal innovations
- legal insanity
- legal institution
- legal instruction
- legal instrument
- legal intent
- legal interest
- legal interest rate
- legal interpretation
- legal investigation
- legal investigator
- legal irregularity
- legal issue
- legal journal
- legal judge
- legal judgement
- legal judgment
- legal jurisdiction
- legal justice
- legal justification
- legal killer
- legal killing
- legal knowledge
- legal language
- legal liability
- legal lien
- legal limit
- legal limitation
- legal literature
- legal loophole
- legal lynching
- legal malice
- legal malpractice
- legal manufacture
- legal marriage
- legal matter
- legal maxim
- legal means
- legal means of social control
- legal measure
- legal mechanism
- legal medicine
- legal methodology
- legal minimum age of marriage
- legal minimum wage rate
- legal minimum wage rates
- legal minor
- legal monopoly
- legal monument
- legal mortgage
- legal mother
- legal name
- legal nationality
- legal negligence
- legal nihilism
- legal nomenclature
- legal norm
- legal notice
- legal notification
- legal notion
- legal object
- legal objection
- legal objective
- legal obligation
- legal observation method
- legal observer
- legal obstruction
- legal office
- legal office
- legal officer
- legal official
- legal operation
- legal opinion
- legal order
- legal organization
- legal owner
- legal parlance
- legal papers
- legal participation
- legal perjury
- legal permissibility
- legal permission
- legal person
- legal personality
- legal phenomenon
- legal philosopher
- legal philosophy
- legal picketing
- legal platform
- legal play
- legal point
- legal point of view
- legal policy
- legal portion
- legal position
- legal positivism
- legal positivist
- legal possession
- legal power
- legal practice
- legal practitician
- legal practitioner
- legal precept
- legal predecessor
- legal prerequisite
- legal presumption
- legal presumption of death
- legal principle
- legal privilege
- legal problem
- legal procedure
- legal procedure publicity
- legal procedures
- legal proceeding
- legal proceedings
- legal process
- legal profession
- legal profession member
- legal professional
- legal professional privilege
- legal prohibition
- legal proposition
- legal propriety
- legal prosecution
- legal protectee
- legal protection
- legal protection of software
- legal provision
- legal psychiatry
- legal purism
- legal purist
- legal qualification
- legal question
- legal rationale
- legal realism
- legal reality
- legal reasoning
- legal recognition
- legal recourse
- legal redress
- legal reference
- legal reform
- legal reformer
- legal regime
- legal regulation
- legal rehabilitation
- legal rehabilitation
- legal relations
- legal relationship
- legal relationships
- legal relative
- legal relativism
- legal relevance
- legal relief
- legal remedy
- legal representation
- legal representative
- legal reputation
- legal requirement
- legal reservation
- legal reserve
- legal residence
- legal resolution
- legal restraint
- legal restriction
- legal right-enforcing
- legal right
- legal rights
- legal risk
- legal rule
- legal safeguard
- legal safety
- legal sanction
- legal scholar
- legal science
- legal scientist
- legal search
- legal secretary
- legal security
- legal self-help
- legal sense
- legal sentence
- legal sentencing
- legal separation
- legal service
- legal services
- legal significance
- legal source
- legal specialist
- legal speech
- legal sphere
- legal spokesman
- legal spouse
- legal staff
- legal standard
- legal state
- legal statement
- legal statistics
- legal status
- legal status of a person
- legal step
- legal storage period
- legal strike
- legal structure
- legal studies
- legal subbranch
- legal sub-branch
- legal subject
- legal subjectivity
- legal submission
- legal subrogation
- legal succession
- legal successor
- legal suit
- legal system
- legal tapping
- legal technicality
- legal technician
- legal technique
- legal techniques
- legal tender
- legal tender note
- legal term
- legal termination
- legal termination of marriage
- legal territory
- legal test
- legal text
- legal theorist
- legal theory
- legal thinker
- legal thinking
- legal thought
- legal title
- legal tool
- legal topic
- legal tradition
- legal training
- legal transaction
- legal treasury note
- legal treatise
- legal treatment
- legal trial
- legal ubiquity
- legal uncertainty
- legal unit
- legal usage
- legal vacuum
- legal validity
- legal venue
- legal view
- legal viewpoint
- legal violence
- legal volition
- legal voter
- legal waiver
- legal wife
- legal wiretap
- legal wiretapping
- legal wording
- legal work
- legal writer
- legal writing
- legal wrong
- legal year

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > legal
11 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
12 program

1. n
программа

to activate a program — вводить программу в действие

to administer a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу

to adapt a program — приспосабливать программу

to adopt a program — принимать программу

to advance a program — выдвигать программу

to apply a program — использовать / применять программу

to approve a program — утверждать / одобрять программу

to arrange a program — подготавливать программу

to attack smb's program publicly — публично критиковать чью-л. программу

to authorize a program — санкционировать программы

to be responsible for a program — нести ответственность за выполнение программы

to block a program — блокировать программу

to bring up a program — выдвигать программу

to carry out a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу

to carry through a program — проводить программу

to combine programs — объединять программы

to compromise a program — компрометировать программу

to conduct a program — проводить программу

to construct a program — составлять программу

to contribute to a program — способствовать выполнению программы; вносить вклад в программу

to counter a program — противостоять программе

to cripple a program — мешать проведению программы

to cut social programs — сокращать ассигнования на социальные нужды

to dismantle a program — отказываться от программы

to draft a program — разрабатывать проект программы

to draw up a program — составлять программу

to elaborate a program — разрабатывать программу

to embark on a program — приступать к осуществлению программы

to endorse a program — одобрять программу

to enhance a program — увеличивать программу

to examine a program — рассматривать программу

to execute a program — выполнять программу

to expand / to extend a program — расширять программу

to foment a program of civil disobedience — разжигать кампанию гражданского неповиновения

to forgo a program — поступаться программой

to formalize a program — оформлять программу

to formulate a program — излагать программу

to freeze test program — замораживать программу испытаний

to fulfill a program — выполнять программу

to give support to a program — оказывать помощь при осуществлении программы

to go ahead with a program — проводить программу

to halt a program — приостанавливать программу

to imperil a program — ставить под угрозу выполнение программы

to implement a program — выполнять программу

to initiate a program — начинать осуществление программы

to jeopardize a program — ставить под угрозу выполнение программы

to launch a program — начинать осуществление программы

to lay down a program — вырабатывать программу

to lay out a program — излагать / намечать программу

to map out a program — намечать / составлять программу

to monitor a program — следить за выполнением программы

to outline a program — излагать / намечать программу

to press ahead with a program — настойчиво продолжать программу

to proclaim a program — провозглашать программу

to profess a program — придерживаться программы; отстаивать программу

to promulgate a program — обнародовать программу

to pursue a program — проводить программу

to put a program in jeopardy — ставить под угрозу выполнение программы

to put brakes on a program — тормозить проведение программы

to put forward a program — выдвигать программу

to resume a program — возобновлять программу

to review a program — пересматривать программу

to scrap a program — свертывать программу

to set out a program — излагать / намечать программу

to set up a program — составлять программу

to shut down a program — закрывать программу

to slash a program — урезать ассигнования на какую-л. программу

to speed up a program — ускорять осуществление программы

to sponsor a program — спонсировать программу

to unfreeze one's nuclear program — размораживать свою ядерную программу

to unveil one's program — обнародовать свою программу

to water down one's program — ослаблять свою программу

- action program
- action-oriented program
- activated program
- ad hoc program
- advanced technical training programs
- aerospace program
- agrarian program
- agrarian reform program
- aid program
- all-embracing program
- alternative program
- ambitious program
- anti-inflation program
- anti-marine pollution programs
- armament program
- assistance program
- atomic energy program
- atoms-for-peace program
- austerity program
- ballot-counting program
- bilateral program
- black programs
- broad program
- broad-ranging program
- budget program
- categorical assistance program
- civil nuclear program
- civil nuclear-power program
- clear-cut program
- coherent program
- component program
- comprehensive program
- compromise program
- concerted program
- concrete program
- consolidated program
- constructive program
- coordinator of a program
- country programs
- crash program
- daily program of sittings
- detailed program
- development program
- diminution in a program
- disarmament program
- disease control programs
- domestic assaults on a program
- dormant program
- draft program
- economic development program
- economic recovery program
- economic reform program
- election program
- energy program
- established program
- European Recovery Program
- execution of a program
- expanded program
- export promotion program
- family planning program
- famine relief program
- feasible program
- feed-back program
- fellowship program
- field programs
- fiscal program
- flight program
- follow-on program
- follow-up program
- food program
- foreign policy program
- general democratic program
- global program
- government program
- halt to the program
- health program
- home-policy program
- housing program
- implementation of a program
- industrial development program
- innovative program
- in-plant training program
- integrated program
- interdisciplinary program of research
- intergovernmental program
- investment promotion program
- job-training program
- joint program
- land reform program
- large-scale program
- live program
- long-range program
- long-term program
- major program
- manned program
- marine program
- massive program
- maximum program
- medium-term programs
- militant program
- military-political program
- military-space programs
- minimum program
- modernization program
- monitoring and evaluating programs
- multilateral aid program
- national program
- nation-wide program
- natural resources development program
- negotiating program
- nondefense program
- non-nuclear defense program
- nuclear program
- nuclear test program
- nuclear-power program
- nuclear-weapons program
- operational program
- optional program
- party program
- Peace Program
- peaceful program
- performance of a program
- phased program
- pilot program
- political program
- population program
- power program
- price support program
- priority program
- privatization program
- production program
- program aimed at smth
- program for economic cooperation
- program for peace and international cooperation
- program has begun its most difficult period
- program has raised objections
- program of action
- program of activities
- program of consolidation
- program of general and complete disarmament
- program of gradual change
- program of measures
- program of militarization
- program of national rebirth
- program of research
- program of revival
- program of work
- promotion program
- public investment program
- public program
- reconstruction program
- recovery program
- reform program
- regional program
- regular program
- rehabilitation program
- research program
- resettlement program
- restructured program
- retraining program
- revised program
- revision of a program
- rural development program
- safeguards program
- safety standards program
- scientific program
- social program
- social welfare program
- sound program
- space exploration program
- space program
- special-purpose program
- Star Wars program
- Strategic Defense Initiative Program
- study program
- systematic assessment of the relevance, adequacy, progress, efficiency, effectiveness and impact of a program
- target program
- technical aid program
- terrorism reward program
- tough program
- training program
- unconstructive program
- under the program
- unemployment insurance program
- UNEP
- United Nations Environment Program
- utopian program
- vast program
- viable program
- war program
- wasteful program
- welfare program
- well-balanced program
- well-planned program
- well-thought-out program
- wide-ranging program
- work program
- world food program
- youth exchange program 2. v
составлять программу, разрабатывать программу; программировать

Politics english-russian dictionary > program
13 program

программа; план; задача; составлять программу [план]; планировать; программировать, задавать программу (напр. ЭВМ)

counter-air 90 program — программа борьбы с авиацией противника в 90-е годы

morale, welfare and recreation program — программа мероприятий по бытовому обеспечению, организации отдыха и развлечений

rationalization, standardization and interoperability program — программа рационализации, стандартизации и интероперабельности (оборудования)

telecommunications and C2 program — программа создания систем руководства, управления и (дальней) связи

— absent-without-leave official apprehension program

— absent-without-leave official prevention program

— academic program

— advancement-in-training program

— aerospace systems security program

— affiliation program

— aircraft updating program

— armed forces health professions scholarships program

— arms program

— Army community service program

— Army extension course program

— army helicopter improvement program

— Army new thrusts program

— Army readiness and training evaluation program

— associate-degree program

— augmentation program

— cadet appointment program

— capital substitution for labor program

— career category program

— career program

— Central Region Communications Improvement program

— character guidance program

— civil damage assessment program

— civil/defense disposal program

— Claims Administrative Management program

— classification management program

— clothing exchange program

— colocating operating base program

— command crime prevention program

— command information program

— communications improvement program

— community life program

— community relations program

— community service program

— competitive marksmanship program

— compile a program

— comprehensive disarmament program

— compulsory immunization program

— computer software program

— concurrent development program

— consolidated intelligence program

— contingency planning facilities list program

— cooperative weapons acquisition program

— counterbattery program

— counterinsurgency program

— counterintelligence screening program

— countersuppression program

— crash program

— damage-limiting strategic defense program

— deception program

— defense development and production sharing program

— defense development exchange program

— defense language program

— Defense Meteorological Satellite program

— defense military intelligence program

— defense program

— Defense Reconnaissance Support program

— Defense Support program

— defer a program

— deficiency program

— delayed-entry enlistment program

— dependent medical care program

— distinguished military graduate program

— document updating program

— dual cycle rifle program

— early-out program

— education incentive program

— electromagnetic compatibility program

— emergency immunization program

— enlisted attrition reduction program

— enlisted college training program

— enlisted management program

— enlistment testing program

— entertainment program

— equal employment opportunity program

— excess defense articles program

— extender training program

— fallout shelter survey program

— far-term military program

— feasibility validation program

— Federal Legal Information Through Electronics program

— fire a program

— fires program

— Five-Year Defense program

— flexibility program

— Force development test and experimentation program

— Force modernization program

— foreign area specialist training program

— Foreign Exchange program

— foreign language proficiency program

— Foreign Military Sales Credit program

— Foreign Military Sales program

— full time manning program

— General Defense Intelligence program

— general educational development program

— guest speaker program

— gun program

— hardening program

— high-technical risk development program

— hold a program in abeyance

— homebasing/advanced assignment program

— honors program

— hospital program

— Human Reliability program

— immunoprophylaxis emergency program

— Improved Conventional Munitions program

— indefinite category active duty program

— indoctrination program

— Industrial Facilities Protection program

— integrated logistic support program

— International Military Education and Training program

— International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation program

— Inter-Service Data Exchange program

— Joint Air Attack Team Tactics program

— Joint Attack Weapon System program

— Joint Second Echelon Interdiction program

— Joint Services Small Arms program

— Joint Surveillance System program

— Labor Surplus Area Contracting program

— layaway program

— life extension program

— long-term defense program

— major new arms program

— majors program

— Master Care Group Health Insurance program

— master training program

— medical program

— medical remedial enlistment program

— mid-term defense program

— Military Adaptation of Commercial Items program

— military advisory program

— military aid program

— Military Assistance Grant Aid program

— military assistance program

— Military Assistance Sales program

— military construction program

— military development scientific and engineering program

— military nuclear program

— Military Sponsor program

— mobile forces program

— mobilization designation program

— mobilization operating program

— mobilization training program

— mobilization troop program

— modern volunteer army program

— modernization of logistics program

— morale building program

— Mosaic Sensor program

— movement monitoring program

— movement program

— mutual defense assistance program

— mutual security program

— mutual weapons development program

— National Military program

— NATO exercise program

— North Defense Modernization program

— nuclear strike-cruiser program

— nuclear weapon program

— nuclear weapon surety program

— nuclear weapon testing program

— off-duty and on-duty education program

— off-duty information program

— offensive air support program

— officer candidate program

— officer career program

— officer procurement program

— Officer Professional Development program

— Officers' Undergraduation program

— operating program

— operational readiness test program

— Operational Test and Evaluation program

— opposing forces training program

— organization effectiveness program

— orientation program

— orientation tour program

— Other Ranks Career Development program

— overseas interchange program

— particle beam weapon program

— personal environment program

— personnel demand reduction program

— predischarge education program

— pre-punched tape training program

— preventive psychiatry program

— priority strike program

— product improvement program

— program of targets

— race relations/equal opportunities program

— Racial Awareness program

— readiness program

— reduced weight program

— repair-for-return to-user program

— Reserve components affiliation program

— retiree-support program

— security assistance sales program

— security inspection program

— security training program

— self-paced instruction program

— service life extension program

— short-term defense program

— small unit exchange program

— Space Laser Experiment Definition program

— special career program

— special enrichment program

— strategic triangle program

— Tactical Communications Satellite program

— tactical cryptologic program

— tactical evaluation program

— tactical strike program

— tactical warfare program

— technology base program

— Theater Air Base Vulnerability program

— trainee discharge program

— training program

— Trident missile submarine program

— tri-service program

— troop program

— troop welfare program

— uniformed services savings deposit program

— upgrading program

— veterans education assistance program

— war emergency program

— wartime graves registration program

— wartime information security program

— weapon-related nuclear energy program

— weapons development program

— weapons readiness analysis program

— weather modification program

— zero defects program

English-Russian military dictionary > program
14 training

( боевая) подготовка; обучение; тренировка; наведение

ship-based training (for assault landing) — десантная подготовка совместно с кораблями и плавучими средствами

skill qualification (support) training — специальная подготовка по ВУС

— ab initio training

— abbreviated basic training

— abbreviated training

— academic training

— accelerated training

— active duty training

— ad hoc training

— add-on training

— administrative training

— advanced battle training

— advanced combat training

— advanced individual training

— advanced infantry training

— advanced training

— advanced unit training

— adventure training

— adventurous training

— aerial weapons training

— affiliate training

— aggressor training

— air weapon training

— airborne training

— aircraft recognition training

— air-mission training

— airmobile training

— air-to-air training

— air-to-ground training

— alerting training

— all-around training

— allied training

— all-weather training

— amphibious training

— annual active duty training

— annual field training

— antigas training

— antiriot training

— applied training

— apprentice training

— armor recognition training

— armor training

— armory drill training

— artillery training

— assault training

— attache training

— basic combat training

— basic training

— battle sound training

— battle training

— battlefield training

— bayonet training

— biological training

— bombardment training

— boot training

— border crossing training

— branch immaterial training

— branch material training

— cadre training

— career enhancing training

— catch-up training

— censorship training

— centralized training

— character guidance training

— citizenship training

— civil affairs training

— civil preparedness training

— classroom training

— close quarter marksmanship training

— collective training

— combat crew training

— combat environment training

— combat launch operational readiness training

— combat training

— combatant training

— combat-like training

— combined training

— combined-arms river crossing training

— combined-arms training

— common entry-level training

— common skills training

— common-track training

— communications training

— competitive training

— concurrent training

— construction training

— continental US training

— continuation training

— continuous training

— conventional training

— conversion training

— cooperative training

— cost-effective training

— counseling training

— counterinsurgency training

— counterpart training

— crash training

— crew training

— cross country driving training

— cross utilization training

— cross-attached team training

— cross-MOS training

— crossover training

— cross-rate training

— cryptographic training

— CW training

— cycle training

— cyclic training

— daylight night training

— decentralized training

— defensive CW training

— defensive NBC training

— defensive training

— definitive training

— demolitions training

— desert survival training

— desert training

— detachment training

— developmental training

— diagnostic training

— disciplinary training

— dismounted training

— dissimilar air combat training

— drill training

— dry training

— dry-net training

— dual-role aircraft training

— during-combat training

— dynamic training

— educational training

— enlisted training

— enrichment training

— entry-level training

— environmental training

— equipment training

— evaluator training

— evasion and escape training

— EW training

— Expert Infantryman Badge training

— extra training

— familiarization training

— field combat training

— field sanitation training

— field technical training

— field training

— fieldcraft training

— first-aid training

— first-assignment specific training

— fitness training

— flight training

— flying training

— follow-on training

— force-on-force training

— foreign area training

— foreign weapons familiarization training

— foreign-exchange training

— formal unit training

— formalized training

— fragmented annual training

— full-time training

— garrison training

— gas defense training

— gas training

— general military training

— give training

— go-no-go training

— grenade training

— ground attack training

— gunnery-oriented training

— hand-on equipment training

— hand-to-hand combat training

— Higher Defence training

— home station training

— hospital returnee training

— identification training

— inactive duty training

— in-country training

— individual basic training

— individual technical training

— individual training

— indoor gunnery training

— induct for training

— infantry training

— initial entry training

— initial skill training

— initial training

— in-job training

— innovative training

— in-residence training

— in-service training

— institutional training

— intelligence training

— intensive basic military training

— interactive full crew training

— interim refresher training

— interoperability training

— inter-service training

— intertype training

— intra-unit training

— job instruction training

— joint airborne training

— joint service training

— jump training

— jungle training

— language training

— laser-instrumented training

— lateral training

— leadership training

— lead-in training

— line training

— live-fire training

— low-level training

— mandatory training

— maneuver training

— march training

— marksmanship training

— mechanical training

— medical training

— Military Assistance Grant Aid training

— military justice training

— military operations in built-up areas training

— military operations on urbanized terrain training

— military training

— militia training

— mine training

— minimum essential training

— minimum individual training

— missile firing training

— mission related training

— mobile forces training

— mobility training

— mobilization training

— module training

— morale and tradition training

— MOS training

— motivational training

— mountain training

— mounted training

— multiechelon training

— multilevel training

— multinational training

— multirole training

— multitrack training

— NATO-oriented training

— NBC training training

— new equipment training

— night training

— night vision training

— no-light aided eye training

— no-light unaided eye training

— nonmobilized status training

— nonresident instruction training

— novice training

— nuclear weapon training

— obligation training

— observer training

— obstacle training

— offensive combat training

— offensive CW training

— officers' training

— one station unit training

— one-on-one training

— one-track training

— on-the-ground training

— on-the-job training

— operational readiness training

— operational training

— opposed forces/threat training

— organizational effectiveness training

— organizational training

— orientation training

— out-of-camp training

— outside of continental US training

— overseas area training

— overseas deployment training

— overview training

— paid training

— paramilitary training

— part time training

— phased training

— physical readiness training

— position specific training

— post-cycle training

— post-mobilization training

— preappointment training

— precommission training

— preentry training

— preexercise training

— premobilization training

— prepackaged training

— primary training

— prime time training

— process-oriented training

— product-oriented training

— progression training

— progressive training

— protective CW training

— radiation training

— Ranger training

— readiness training

— realistic training

— real-world training

— receive training

— reconditioning training

— recovery training

— recruit training

— recurring training

— redeployment training

— redundant training

— refresher training

— rehabilitation training

— reinforcement training

— remedial training

— replacement training

— reserve cycle training

— reserve duty training

— resettlement training

— resident school training

— rifle marksmanship training

— rigorous training

— rotational training

— safety training

— salvage training

— scenario-oriented training

— schedule training

— scheduled training

— security training

— selection training

— shipboard troop training

— side-by-side training

— signal training

— simulator-assisted training

— simulator-based training

— single-service training

— situational training

— ski training

— skill training

— small arms training

— small boat training

— small unit training

— sniper training

— soldiering skills training

— Special Air Service training

— special training

— specialist training

— speciality training

— specialized tactical training

— specialized training

— special-to-arm training

— stationary training

— stereotyped training

— stress inoculation training

— supervisor training

— survival training

— sustainment training

— syllabus training

— systems specific training

— tactical training

— tank common training

— tank gunnery training

— tank skill training

— tank training

— tank-infantry training

— team training

— technical training

— tower training

— toxic warfare training

— trade training

— training area training

— training extension course training

— training with limited resources

— transition training

— transportation training

— troop lift training

— troop training

— truck training

— undergo training

— undergraduate training

— underway training

— ungraded training

— unilateral training

— uniservice training

— unisex basic training

— unit training

— universal military training

— upgrade training

— upgrading training

— urban warfare training

— visual training

— vocational rehabilitation training

— water survival training

— weapons delivery training

— weapons training

— weekend training

— wet-net training

— wetshod assault training

English-Russian military dictionary > training
15 DTEA

Военный термин: Developmental Training Effectiveness Analysis, data telemetry exploitation aid

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > DTEA
16 PEACE

1) Военный термин: Production Expansion/Acceleration Capability Enhancement, project evaluation and assistance, civil engineering

2) Юридический термин: Parent Education And Custody Effectiveness, Police Enforced Anti Crime Environment, Prevention Education Advocacy For Change And Empowerment

3) Космонавтика: Protection of Environment for Assuring Cleaner Earth

4) Образование: Peace Education And Cultural Exchange, Peers Encouraging A Caring Environment, Physical Education Among Children Everywhere, Proper Education Always Create Energy, Protect Educate Aid Children Everywhere

5) ООН: People Everywhere Are Created Equal

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > PEACE
17 peace

1) Военный термин: Production Expansion/Acceleration Capability Enhancement, project evaluation and assistance, civil engineering

2) Юридический термин: Parent Education And Custody Effectiveness, Police Enforced Anti Crime Environment, Prevention Education Advocacy For Change And Empowerment

3) Космонавтика: Protection of Environment for Assuring Cleaner Earth

4) Образование: Peace Education And Cultural Exchange, Peers Encouraging A Caring Environment, Physical Education Among Children Everywhere, Proper Education Always Create Energy, Protect Educate Aid Children Everywhere

5) ООН: People Everywhere Are Created Equal

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > peace
18 शक्ति

ṡaktí
ṡákti

f. power, ability, strength, might, effort, energy, capability ( ṡaktyā orﾠ ātma-ṡ- orﾠ sva-ṡ-, « according to ability» ;

paraṉṡaktyā, « with all one's might» ;
vitta-ṡaktyā, « according to the capability of one's property» ;
ṡaktima-hāpayitvā, « not relaxing one's efforts, exerting all one's strength»), faculty, skill, capacity for, power over (gen. loc. dat., orﾠ inf.) RV. etc. etc.;
effectiveness orﾠ efficacy (of a remedy) ṠārṇgS. ;
regal power (consisting of three parts, prabhutva, personal pre-eminence;
mantra, good counsel, andﾠ utsāha, energy) Kām. (cf. Ragh. III, 13);
the energy orﾠ active power of a deity personified as his wife andﾠ worshipped by the Ṡākta (q.v.) sect of Hindūs under various names
(sometimes only three, sometimes eight Ṡakti goddesses are enumerated, as follow, Indrāṇi, Vaishṇavī, Ṡāntā, Brahmāṇī, Kaumāri, Nārasiṇhī, Vārāhī, andﾠ Māheṡvarī, but some substitute Cāmuṇḍā andﾠ Cāṇdikā for the third andﾠ sixth of these:
according to another reckoning there are nine, viz. Vaishṇavī, Brahmāṇi, Raudri, Māheṡvarī, Nārasiṇhī, Vārāhī, Indraṇī, Kārttikī, andﾠ Pradhānā:
others reckon fifty different forms of the Ṡakti of Vishṇu besides Lakshmī, some of these are Kīrtti, Kānti, Tushṭi, Pushṭā, Dhṛiti. Ṡānti, Kriyā, Dayā, Medhā etc.;
andﾠ fifty forms of the Ṡakti of Ṡiva orﾠ Rudra besides Durgā orﾠ Gaurī, some of whom are Guṇôdarī, Virajā, Sālmali, Lolâkshi, Vartulâkshī, Dīrgha-ghoṇā, Sudirgha-mukhī, Go. -mukhī, Dirgha-jihvā, Kuṇḍôdarī, Ardha-keṡī, Vikṛita-mukhī, Jvālā-mukhi, Ulkāmukhi etc.;
Sarasvati is alsoﾠ named as a Ṡakti, both of Vishṇu andﾠ Rudra:
according to the Vāyu-Purāṇa the female nature of Rudra became twofold, one half asita orﾠ white, andﾠ the other sita orﾠ black, each of these again becoming manifold, those of the white orﾠ mild nature included Lakshmī, Sarasvati, Gaurī, Umā etc.;
those of the dark andﾠ fierce nature, Durgā, Kāli etc.) Kāv. Kathās. Pur. (cf. RTL. 181 etc.. MWB. 216);
the female organ (as worshipped by the Ṡākta sect either actually orﾠ symbolically) RTL. 140 ;
the power orﾠ signification of a word (defined in the Nyāya as padasyapadâ̱rthe sambandhaḥ i.e. « the relation of a word to the thing designated») Bhāshāp. Sāh. ;
(in Gram.) case-power, the idea conveyed by a case (= kāraka) Pāṇ. 2-3, 7 Sch. ;
the power orﾠ force orﾠ most effective word of a sacred text orﾠ magic formula Up. Pañcar. ;
the creative power orﾠ imagination (of a poet) Kāvyâd. ;
help, aid, assistance, gift, bestowal RV. ;
a spear, lance, pike, dart RV. etc. ( alsoﾠ ṡaktī gaṇa bahv-ādi);
a sword MW. ;
(prob.) a flag-staff ( seeﾠ ratha-ṡ-);
a partic. configuration of stars andﾠ planets (when the latter are situated in the 7th, 8th, 9th, andﾠ 10th astrological house), VirBṛS.;
m. N. of a Muni orﾠ sage (the eldest of Vasishṭha's hundred sons;
accord. toﾠ VP. he was father of Parāṡara, andﾠ was devoured by king Kalmāsha-pāda, when changed to a man-eating Rākshasa, in consequence of a curse pronounced upon him by the sage;
he is represented as having overcome Viṡvāmitra at the sacrifice of king Saudāsa;
he is regarded as the author of RV. VII, 32, 26; IX, 97, 19-21; 108, 3; 14-16 ;
Ṡakti is alsoﾠ identified with one of the Vylāsas, andﾠ with Avalokitêṡvara, andﾠ has elsewhere the patr. Jātukarna andﾠ Sāṃkṛiti) Pravar. MBh. etc.
- शक्तिकर
- शक्तिकुन्ठन
- शक्तिकुमार
- शक्तिकुमारक
- शक्तिगण
- शक्तिग्रह
- शक्तिग्राहक
- शक्तिज
- शक्तिजागर
- शक्तिजामल
- शक्तिज्ञ
- शक्तितन्त्र
- शक्तितस्
- शक्तिता
- शक्तित्रय
- शक्तित्व
- शक्तिदत्त
- शक्तिदास
- शक्तिदेव
- शक्तिद्वयवत्
- शक्तिधर
- शक्तिधृक्
- शक्तिध्वज
- शक्तिनाथ
- शक्तिन्यास
- शक्तिपर्ण
- शक्तिपाणि
- शक्तिपात
- शक्तिपुत्र
- शक्तिपूजक
- शक्तिपूजा
- शक्तिपूर्व
- शक्तिप्रकर्ष
- शक्तिप्रकाशबोधिनी
- शक्तिबोध
- शक्तिभद्र
- शक्तिभृत्
- शक्तिभेद
- शक्तिभैरवतन्त्र
- शक्तिमत्
- शक्तिमय
- शक्तिमोक्ष
- शक्तियशस्
- शक्तियामल
- शक्तिरक्षित
- शक्तिरक्षितक
- शक्तिरत्नाकर
- शक्तिवनमाहात्म्य
- शक्तिवर
- शक्तिवल्लभ
- शक्तिवाद
- शक्तिवादिन्
- शक्तिविचार
- शक्तिविजयस्तुति
- शक्तिविजयस्वामिस्तोत्र
- शक्तिवीर
- शक्तिवेग
- शक्तिवैकल्य
- शक्तिवैभविक
- शक्तिशोधन
- शक्तिष्ठ
- शक्तिसंगमतन्त्र
- शक्तिसंगमामृत
- शक्तिसिंह
- शक्तिसिद्धन्त
- शक्तिसेन
- शक्तिस्तोत्र
- शक्तिस्वामिन्
- शक्तिहर
- शक्तिहस्त
- शक्तिहीन
- शक्तिहेतिक

Sanskrit-English dictionary > शक्ति
19 program

программа; план || составлять программу или план; планировать

- draw up a program

- program of motivation

- ad hoc program

- aid program

- allocation program

- audit program

- awards program

- budget program

- capital program

- certification program

- check mechanization program

- contraception program

- control program

- coproduction program

- corporate development program

- cost-effectiveness program

- crash program

- credit program

- crude oil entitlements program

- defense program

- design review program

- development program

- employee stock purchase program

- European Recovery Program

- evaluation program

- expansion program

- extra-budgetary programs

- family planning program

- fertility control program

- food stamp program

- industrialization program

- marketing program

- metrication program

- military program

- munitions program

- packaged computer program

- pilot program

- promotion program

- public housing program

- public welfare program

- public works program

- quality program

- redundancy program

- reinterview program

- sales program

- sharebuilder program

- updating program

- work simplification program

- zero-defects program

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > program
20 problem solving

Gen Mgt

a systematic approach to overcoming obstacles or problems in the management process. Problems occur when something is not behaving as it should, when something deviates from the norm, or when something goes wrong. A number of problem solving methodologies exist, but the most widely used is that proposed by Charles H. Kepner and Benjamin B. Tregoe. Steps in their problem solving process include: recognizing a problem exists and defining it; generating a variety of solutions; evaluating the possible solutions and choosing the best one; implementing the solution and evaluating its effectiveness in solving the problem. Various techniques can aid problem solving, such as brainstorming, fishbone charts, and Pareto charts.

The ultimate business dictionary > problem solving

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