aerospace+standard

aerospace standard

aerospace standards

1 industry.

industria alimentaria food industry

industria automovilística o del automóvil car industry

industria cinematográfica o del cine film o movie industry

industria del ocio leisure industry

industria punta sunrise industry

2 factory.

3 diligence, industry, application, sedulousness.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: industriar.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: industriar.

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► nombre femenino

1 (gen) industry

2 (fábrica) factory

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industria terciaria tertiary industry

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1) (Com) industry

2) (=fábrica) factory

3) (=dedicación) industry, industriousness

4) † (=maña) ingenuity, skill, expertise

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femenino (Com, Econ) industry

- industria artesanal

- industria automovilística/pesquera

- industria pesada

- industria siderúrgica

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= industry, industrial organisation.

Ex. Library automation has become a multimillion dollar industry.

Ex. This article discusses the changing information needs of users in industrial organisations.

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* científico de la industria = industrial scientist.

* crisis de la industria del libro = book crisis.

* estándar de la industria = industry standard.

* industria aeroespacial, la = aerospace industry, the.

* industria aeronáutica, la = airline industry, the, aviation industry, the.

* industria agrícola = agro-industry.

* industria agrícola, la = agricultural industry, the.

* industria alcoholera, la = alcohol industry, the.

* industria alimentaria = food industry.

* industria alimenticia = food industry.

* industria artesanal = cottage industry.

* industria bancaria, la = banking industry, the.

* industria cárnica, la = meat industry, the.

* industria cinematográfica, la = film making industry, the, film industry, the, movie industry, the.

* industria de actividades al aire libre, la = outdoor industry, the.

* industria de defensa, la = defence industry, the [defense industry, -USA].

* industria dedicada a la producción de carne de vaca, la = beef industry, the.

* industria de la aeronáutica, la = aviation industry, the, airline industry, the.

* industria de la aviación, la = aviation industry, the.

* industria de la bebida, la = beverage industry, the.

* industria del acero = steel industry.

* industria de la cerveza, la = brewing industry, the.

* industria de la comida rápida, la = fast-food industry, the.

* industria de la confección = clothing industry.

* industria de la confección, la = garment industry, the.

* industria de la conserva, la = canned goods industry, the, tinned goods industry, the.

* industria de la construcción, la = construction industry, the, building industry, the.

* industria de la edición = book publishing industry.

* industria de la edición de libros = book publishing industry.

* industria de la edición impresa = print industry.

* industria de la edición, la = publishing industry, the.

* industria de la fabricación de muelles, la = spring industry, the.

* industria de la hojalata, la = tinplate industry, the.

* industria de la iluminación, la = lighting industry, the.

* industria de la imprenta, la = printing industry, the.

* industria de la información electrónica = electronic information industry.

* industria de la información en línea, la = online industry, the, online information industry, the.

* industria de la información, la = information industry, the.

* industria de la informática = computer industry.

* industria de la ingeniería eléctrica, la = electrical engineering industry, the.

* industria de la ingeniería química, la = chemical engineering industry, the.

* industria del alcohol, la = alcohol industry, the.

* industria del aluminio, la = aluminium industry, the.

* industria de la madera = timber industry.

* industria de la moda, la = fashion industry, the.

* industria de la prensa, la = newspaper industry, the.

* industria de la propiedad = property industry.

* industria de la propiedad intelectual = intellectual property industry.

* industria de la radio y televisión, la = broadcasting industry, the.

* industria de las bases de datos = database industry.

* industria de las comunicaciones = communications industry.

* industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.

* industria de las ferias de muestras = trade show industry.

* industria de las finanzas, la = finance industry, the.

* industria de las publicaciones periódicas, la = serial industry, the.

* industria de las publicaciones seriadas, la = serials industry, the.

* industria de las telecomunicaciones, la = telecommunications industry, the.

* industria del automóvil, la = automotive industry, the, automobile industry, the, motor trade, the, motor industry, the.

* industria del carbón = coal industry.

* industria del CD-ROM = CD-ROM industry.

* industria del cine, la = film making industry, the, film industry, the, movie industry, the.

* industria del cuero = leather industry.

* industria del espectáculo, la = show business.

* industria del ganado lanar = sheep farming.

* industria del gas = gas industry.

* industria del libro = book industry.

* industria del libro, la = bookmaking industry, the.

* industria del motor, la = motor industry, the.

* industria del ocio, la = entertainment industry, the.

* industria de los alimentos = food industry.

* industria de los medios de comunicación de masas = mass communications industry.

* industria de los productos lácteos, la = dairy industry, the.

* industria del papel = paper industry.

* industria del periódico, la = newspaper industry, the.

* industria del petróleo = petroleum industry.

* industria del sector turístico = tourism industry.

* industria del software, la = software industry, the.

* industria del tabaco, la = tobacco industry, the.

* industria del turismo = tourism industry.

* industria del vestir = clothing industry.

* industria de servicios = service industry.

* industria de servicios financieros, la = financial services industry, the.

* industria discográfica, la = record production industry, the, music industry, the, record industry, the, recording industry, the, music business, the.

* industria editorial = book industry.

* industria editorial, la = publishing industry, the.

* industria energética = energy industry, energy company.

* industria energética, la = energy utility business, the.

* industria farmacéutica, la = pharmaceutical industry, the.

* industria financiera, la = finance industry, the.

* industria hotelera, la = hotel industry, the.

* industria láctea, la = dairy industry, the.

* industria ligera = light industry.

* industria maderera = timber industry.

* industria manufacturera = manufacturing industry.

* industria marina, la = marine industry, the.

* industria marítima, la = maritime industry, the.

* industria metalúrgica, la = metallurgical industry, the.

* industria naval, la = shipping industry, the.

* industria naviera = shipbuilding industry.

* industria naviera, la = shipping industry, the.

* industria nuclear, la = nuclear industry, the.

* industria papelera = paper industry.

* industria para la preparación de alimentos = food processing industry.

* industria pesada = heavy industry.

* industria pesquera, la = fishing industry, the, fishery industry, the.

* industria petroquímica = petrochemical industry.

* industria química = chemical industry.

* industria química, la = chemical industry, the.

* industrias que dependen de los recursos humanos = personnel based industries.

* industria textil = textile industry.

* industria turística = tourism industry.

* industria turística, la = tourist industry, the.

* la industria de la informática = computer industry.

* Ministerio de Comercio e Industria = Department of Trade and Industry.

* norma de la industria = industry standard.

* para toda la industria = industry-wide.

* período de prácticas en la industria = industrial placement.

* sector de la industria farmacéutica, el = pharmaceutical sector, the.

* trabajador de la industria = industrial worker.

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femenino (Com, Econ) industry

- industria artesanal

- industria automovilística/pesquera

- industria pesada

- industria siderúrgica

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A ( Com, Econ) industry

la industria de la construcción the construction industry

cottage industry

motor industry, car industry

cottage industry

telecommunications industry

sex industry

space industry

light industry

arms o weapons industry, defense* industry

heavy industry

fishing industry

staple industries (pl)

iron and steel industry

1 (esfuerzo) diligence, industry

2 (destreza) resourcefulness, ingenuity

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◊ industria del turismo tourist industry;

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industria nf

1. [sector] industry

industria armamentística arms industry;

industria automotriz car o Br motor o US automobile industry;

industria del automóvil car o Br motor o US automobile industry;

industria automovilística car o Br motor o US automobile industry;

industria del entretenimiento entertainment industry;

industria en expansión growth industry;

industria ligera light industry;

industria del ocio leisure industry;

industria pesada heavy industry;

industria punta sunrise industry;

industria textil textile industry;

industria de transformación manufacturing industry;

industria del turismo tourist industry;

industria turística tourist industry

2. [fábrica] factory

3. [habilidad] industry, hard work

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1 actividad, sector industry

2 ( esfuerzo) industriousness, industry

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industria nf

: industry

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industria n industry [pl. industries]

n < rls> (allg.) ■ American Standard taper pipe thread (NPT) ANSI B1.20.1 ; ANPT

n < rls> ■ American Standard taper pipe thread for railing joints (NPTR) ANSI B1.20.1 ; railing joint taper pipe thread; dryseal American Standard taper pipe thread (NPTF) ANSI B1.20.1/3 ; American Standard taper pipe thread, dryseal

n <rls.aerospace> ■ aeronautical national form taper pipe thread (ANPT)

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Photography, film and optics, Recording, Telecommunications

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He was a very bright scholar and received a BSc in electrical technology from City and Guilds College in 1923. He joined International Western Electric (later to become Standard Telephone and Cables) in 1924 after a period as an instructor/demonstrator at City and Guilds. He was instrumental in the design of telephone measuring equipment and in international committee work for standards for long-distance telephony.

From 1929 Blumlein was employed by the Columbia Graphophone Company to develop an electric recording cutterhead that would be independent of Western Electric's patents for the system developed by Maxfield and Harrison. He attacked the problems in a most systematic fashion, and within a year he had developed a moving-coil cutterhead that was much more linear than the iron-cored systems known at the time. Eventually Blumlein designed a complete line of recording equipment, from microphone and through-power amplifiers. The design was used by Columbia; after the merger with the Gramophone Company in 1931 to form Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd (later known as EMI) it became the company standard, certainly for coarse-groove records, until c.1950.

Blumlein became interested in stereophony (binaural sound), and developed and demonstrated a complete line of equipment, from correctly placed microphones via two-channel records and stereo pick-ups to correctly placed loudspeakers. The advent of silent surfaces of vinyl records made this approach commercial from the late 1950s. His approach was independent and quite different from that of A.C. Keller.

His extreme facility for creating innovative solutions to electronic problems was used in EMI's development from 1934 to 1938 of the electronic television system, which became the BBC standard of 405 lines after the Second World War, when television broadcasting again became possible. Independent of official requirements, EMI developed a 60 MHz radar system and Blumlein was involved in the development of a centimetric radar and display system. It was during testing of this aircraft mounted equipment that he was killed in a crash.

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gateway city

convention on international civil aviation

international air route

international aviation

International Air Carrier

International Air Transport

international civil aviation

International commission for Air Navigation

Commission on Illumination

international meteorological system

international navigation

International standard atmosphere

international telex network

International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations

International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations

International Astronautical Federation

international distress frequency

international collaboration in airworthiness

international waters

international airworthiness

international operations

international standards

international aircraft standard

International Frequency Registration Board

international frequency monitoring

International Co-ordinating Council of Aerospace Industries Association

international flight

International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations

international transit route

cross international waters

international standard atmosphere level

General Department of International Air Services of Aeroflot

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

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Alan Cobham was a man of many parts. He started as a veterinary assistant in France during the First World War, but transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1917. After the war he continued flying, by giving joy-rides and doing aerial photography work. In 1921 he joined the De Havilland Aircraft Company (see de Havilland, Geoffrey) as a test and charter pilot; he was also successful in a number of air races. During the 1920s Cobham made many notable flights to distant parts of the British Empire, pioneering possible routes for airline operations. During the early 1930s Sir Alan (he was knighted in 1926) devoted his attention to generating a public interest in aviation and to campaigning for more airfields. Cobham's Flying Circus toured the country giving flying displays and joy-rides, which for thousands of people was their first experience of flying.

In 1933 Cobham planned a non-stop flight to India by refuelling his aircraft while flying: this was not a new idea but the process was still experimental. The flight was unsuccessful due to a fault in his aircraft, unrelated to the in-flight refuelling system. The following year Flight Refuelling Ltd was founded, and by 1939 two Short flying boats were operating the first inflight-refuelled service across the Atlantic. Inflight refuelling was not required during the early years of the Second World War, so Cobham turned to other projects such as thermal de-icing of wings, and a scheme which was not carried out, for delivering fighters to the Middle East by towing them behind Wellington bombers.

After the Second World War the fortunes of Flight Refuelling Ltd were at a low ebb, especially when British South American Airways abandoned the idea of using in-flight refuelling. Then an American contract and the use of their tanker aircraft to ferry oil during the Berlin Airlift saved the day. In 1949 Cobham's chief designer, Peter Macgregor, came up with an idea for refuelling fighters using a probe and drogue system. A large tanker aircraft trailed a hose with a conical drogue at the free end. The fighter pilot manoeuvred the probe, fitted to his aircraft, so that it locked into the drogue, enabling fuel to be transferred. Since the 1950s this system has become the effective world standard.

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f < aerospace> ■ return to standard path

n <el> (allg.; Stromnetz in Fahrzeug etc.) ■ on-board power supply

n <el.aerospace> (betont: in Fluggerät) ■ airborne power supply system

n <el.fz> (12 Volt) ■ 12-volt electrical system

n <el.fz> (de facto 14 Volt; wird aber oft noch als 12-Volt-Bordnetz bezeichnet) ■ 14-volt electrical system

n <el.fz> (42 Volt; neuer Standard) ■ 42-volt electrical system

m < aerospace> ■ standard beam approach

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

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Cayley was born into a well-to-do Yorkshire family living at Brompton Hall. He was encouraged to study mathematics, navigation and mechanics, particularly by his mother. In 1792 he succeeded to the baronetcy and took over the daunting task of revitalizing the run-down family estate.

The first aeronautical device made by Cayley was a copy of the toy helicopter invented by the Frenchmen Launoy and Bienvenu in 1784. Cayley's version, made in 1796, convinced him that a machine could "rise in the air by mechanical means", as he later wrote. He studied the aerodynamics of flight and broke away from the unsuccessful ornithopters of his predecessors. In 1799 he scratched two sketches on a silver disc: one side of the disc showed the aerodynamic force on a wing resolved into lift and drag, and on the other side he illustrated his idea for a fixed-wing aeroplane; this disc is preserved in the Science Museum in London. In 1804 he tested a small wing on the end of a whirling arm to measure its lifting power. This led to the world's first model glider, which consisted of a simple kite (the wing) mounted on a pole with an adjustable cruciform tail. A full-size glider followed in 1809 and this flew successfully unmanned. By 1809 Cayley had also investigated the lifting properties of cambered wings and produced a low-drag aerofoil section. His aim was to produce a powered aeroplane, but no suitable engines were available. Steam-engines were too heavy, but he experimented with a gunpowder motor and invented the hot-air engine in 1807. He published details of some of his aeronautical researches in 1809–10 and in 1816 he wrote a paper on airships. Then for a period of some twenty-five years he was so busy with other activities that he largely neglected his aeronautical researches. It was not until 1843, at the age of 70, that he really had time to pursue his quest for flight. The Mechanics' Magazine of 8 April 1843 published drawings of "Sir George Cayley's Aerial Carriage", which consisted of a helicopter design with four circular lifting rotors—which could be adjusted to become wings—and two pusher propellers. In 1849 he built a full-size triplane glider which lifted a boy off the ground for a brief hop. Then in 1852 he proposed a monoplane glider which could be launched from a balloon. Late in 1853 Cayley built his "new flyer", another monoplane glider, which carried his coachman as a reluctant passenger across a dale at Brompton, Cayley became involved in public affairs and was MP for Scarborough in 1832. He also took a leading part in local scientific activities and was co-founder of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1831 and of the Regent Street Polytechnic Institution in 1838.

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SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

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The parents of Henri and Maurice Farman were British subjects living in Paris, but their sons lived all their lives in France and became French citizens. As young men, both became involved in cycle and automobile racing. Henri (or Henry—he used both versions) turned his attention to aviation in 1907 when he bought a biplane from Gabriel Voisin. Within a short time he had established himself as one of the leading pilots in Europe, with many record-breaking flights to his credit. Farman modified the Voisin with his own improvements, including ailerons, and then in 1909 he designed the first Farman biplane. This became the most popular biplane in Europe from the autumn of 1909 until well into 1911 and is one of the classic aeroplanes of history. Meanwhile, Maurice Farman had also begun to design and build biplanes; his first design of 1909 was not a great success but from it evolved two robust biplanes nicknamed the "Longhorn" and the "Shorthorn", so called because of their undercarriage skids. In 1912 the brothers joined forces and set up a very large factory at Billancourt. The "Longhorn" and "Shorthorn" became the standard training aircraft in France and Britain during the early years of the First World War. The Farman brothers went on to produce a number of other wartime designs, including a large bomber. After the war the Farmans produced a series of large airliners which played a key role in establishing France as a major airline operator. Most famous of these was the Goliath, a twin-engined biplane capable of carrying up to twelve passengers. This was produced from 1918 to 1929 and was used by many airlines, including the Farman Line. The brothers retired when their company was nationalized in 1937.

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