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41 section
1. (поперечное) сечение; профиль2. секция; отсек; участокsection at cracked holesection at failureacoustic cross sectionaft-loaded sectionafterburning sectionairfoil sectionautothrottle computing sectionbackscatter cross sectionbackscattering cross sectionbistatic cross sectionblade sectioncabin cross sectioncambered sectionchine-shaped cross sectioncockpit sectioncommand sectioncomputing sectioncontrol sectioncross sectiondeep aerofoil sectiondorsal sectioneconomy sectionelliptic sectionelliptical sectionengine hot sectionfinned sectionfirst-class sectionflap sectionflight sectionfrontal radar cross sectionfuselage sectionfuselage centre sectionguidance sectionhead-on radar cross sectionhigh-pitching moment sectionin profile radar cross sectionleading-edge sectionleading-edge cross sectionno-smoking sectionnose cross sectionoff-center line section of runwayopen-throat test sectionpayload carrying sectionpeaky sectionpitch channel output sectionpitch mode computing sectionpropulsion sectionradar cross sectionreflexed sectionroll channel output sectionroll mode computing sectionrooftop sectionroot sectionscattering cross sectionsharp-leading-edge sectionslotted test sectionslotted-wall test sectionsnap-through sectionstar-shaped cross sectionstilling sectionstreamwise sectionstructural sectionsupercritical sectiontail sectiontail cross sectiontest sectiontesting sectiontip sectionuncambered sectionuniform cross sectionvariable camber sectionvertical ellipse cross sectionvertical tail sectionwarhead sectionWhitcomb sectionwing-body cross section -
42 section
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43 section
n2) секція, відсік, зона3) частина, шматок•- aft section - aifoil section - centre wing section - fuselage aft section - fuselage section - fuselage forward section - exit section - nose section - nozzle exit section - outboard section of wing -
44 aerofoil blade section
aerodinamiÄki profil krila -
45 double-cambered aerofoil
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > double-cambered aerofoil
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46 slotted aerofoil
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > slotted aerofoil
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47 supersonic aerofoil
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > supersonic aerofoil
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48 chord
— to streamwise chord -
49 chord
chord nхордаaerodynamic chordаэродинамическая хордаaerofoil section chordхорда профиля несущей поверхностиaileron chordхорда элеронаblade chordхорда лопастиcenterwing chordхорда центропланаchord airfoil lengthдлина хорды профиляchord lineлиния хордыcontrol surface chordхорда руляgeometric chordгеометрическая хордаmean aerodynamic chordсредняя аэродинамическая хордаmean chordсредняя хордаmean geometric chordсреднегеометрическая хордаmeanroot chordкорневая хордаsection chordхорда сеченияstream-wise chordобтекать хорду по потокуtip chordконцевая хордаwing chordхорда крылаwing chord lineлиния хорды крыла -
50 chord
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51 thickness-cord ratio
nAIR TRANSP of aerofoil section proporción grosor-cuerda f -
52 Cayley, Sir George
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 27 December 1773 Scarborough, Englandd. 15 December 1857 Brompton Hall, Yorkshire, England[br]English pioneer who laid down the basic principles of the aeroplane in 1799 and built a manned glider in 1853.[br]Cayley was born into a well-to-do Yorkshire family living at Brompton Hall. He was encouraged to study mathematics, navigation and mechanics, particularly by his mother. In 1792 he succeeded to the baronetcy and took over the daunting task of revitalizing the run-down family estate.The first aeronautical device made by Cayley was a copy of the toy helicopter invented by the Frenchmen Launoy and Bienvenu in 1784. Cayley's version, made in 1796, convinced him that a machine could "rise in the air by mechanical means", as he later wrote. He studied the aerodynamics of flight and broke away from the unsuccessful ornithopters of his predecessors. In 1799 he scratched two sketches on a silver disc: one side of the disc showed the aerodynamic force on a wing resolved into lift and drag, and on the other side he illustrated his idea for a fixed-wing aeroplane; this disc is preserved in the Science Museum in London. In 1804 he tested a small wing on the end of a whirling arm to measure its lifting power. This led to the world's first model glider, which consisted of a simple kite (the wing) mounted on a pole with an adjustable cruciform tail. A full-size glider followed in 1809 and this flew successfully unmanned. By 1809 Cayley had also investigated the lifting properties of cambered wings and produced a low-drag aerofoil section. His aim was to produce a powered aeroplane, but no suitable engines were available. Steam-engines were too heavy, but he experimented with a gunpowder motor and invented the hot-air engine in 1807. He published details of some of his aeronautical researches in 1809–10 and in 1816 he wrote a paper on airships. Then for a period of some twenty-five years he was so busy with other activities that he largely neglected his aeronautical researches. It was not until 1843, at the age of 70, that he really had time to pursue his quest for flight. The Mechanics' Magazine of 8 April 1843 published drawings of "Sir George Cayley's Aerial Carriage", which consisted of a helicopter design with four circular lifting rotors—which could be adjusted to become wings—and two pusher propellers. In 1849 he built a full-size triplane glider which lifted a boy off the ground for a brief hop. Then in 1852 he proposed a monoplane glider which could be launched from a balloon. Late in 1853 Cayley built his "new flyer", another monoplane glider, which carried his coachman as a reluctant passenger across a dale at Brompton, Cayley became involved in public affairs and was MP for Scarborough in 1832. He also took a leading part in local scientific activities and was co-founder of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1831 and of the Regent Street Polytechnic Institution in 1838.[br]BibliographyCayley wrote a number of articles and papers, the most significant being "On aerial navigation", Nicholson's Journal of Natural Philosophy (November 1809—March 1810) (published in three numbers); and two further papers with the same title in Philosophical Magazine (1816 and 1817) (both describe semi-rigid airships).Further ReadingL.Pritchard, 1961, Sir George Cayley, London (the standard work on the life of Cayley).C.H.Gibbs-Smith, 1962, Sir George Cayley's Aeronautics 1796–1855, London (covers his aeronautical achievements in more detail).—1974, "Sir George Cayley, father of aerial navigation (1773–1857)", Aeronautical Journal (Royal Aeronautical Society) (April) (an updating paper).JDS -
53 Phillips, Horatio Frederick
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 2 February 1845 London, Englandd. 15 July 1926 Hampshire, England[br]English aerodynamicist whose cambered two-surface wing sections provided the foundations for aerofoil design.[br]At the age of 19, Phillips developed an interest in flight and constructed models with lightweight engines. He spent a large amount of time and money over many years, carrying out practical research into the science of aerodynamics. In the early 1880s he built a wind tunnel with a working section of 15 in. by 10 in. (38 cm by 25 cm). Air was sucked through the working section by an adaptation of the steam injector used in boilers and invented by Henry Giffard, the airship pioneer. Phillips tested aerofoils based on the cross-section of bird's wings, with a greater curvature on the upper surface than the lower. He measured the lift and drag and showed that the major component of lift came from suction on the upper surface, rather than pressure on the lower. He took out patents for his aerofoil sections in 1884 and 1891. In addition to his wind-tunnel test, Phillips tested his wing sections on a whirling arm, as used earlier by Cayley, Wenham and Lilienthal. After a series of tests using an arm of 15 ft (4.57 m) radius, Phillips built a massive whirling arm driven by a steam engine. His test pieces were mounted on the end of the arm, which had a radius of 50 ft (15.24 m), giving them a linear speed of 70 mph (113 km/h). By 1893 Phillips was ready to put his theories to a more practical test, so he built a large model aircraft driven by a steam engine and tethered to run round a circular track. It had a wing span of 19 ft (5.79 m), but it had fifty wings, one above the other. These wings were only 10 in. (25 cm) wide and mounted in a frame, so it looked rather like a Venetian blind. At 40 mph (64 km/h) it lifted off the track. In 1904 Phillips built a full-size multi-wing aeroplane with twenty wings which just lifted off the ground but did not fly. He built another multi-wing machine in 1907, this time with four Venetian blind' frames in tandem, giving it two hundred wings! Phillips made a short flight of almost 500 ft (152 m) which could be claimed to be the first powered aeroplane flight in England by an Englishman. He retired from flying at the age of 62.[br]Bibliography1900, "Mechanical flight and matters relating thereto", Engineering (reprint).1891–3, "On the sustentation of weight by mechanical flight", Aeronautical Society of Great Britain 23rd Report.Further ReadingJ.Laurence Pritchard, 1957, "The dawn of aerodynamics", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (March) (good descriptions of Phillips's early work and his wind tunnel).J.E.Hodgson, 1924, The History of Aeronautics in Great Britain, London.F.W.Brearey, 1891–3, "Remarks on experiments made by Horatio Phillips", Aeronautical Society of Great Britain 23rd Report.JDSBiographical history of technology > Phillips, Horatio Frederick
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