adding

quĕ (lengthened in arsis by the poets, like the Gr. te:

Faunique Satyrique,

Ov. M. 1, 193; 4, 10; 5, 484; Verg. A. 3, 91 al.), conj. enclitic [kindr. with Gr. te, ke, and Sanscr. ca, the same], a copulative particle affixed to the word it annexes. According to Dräger (Hist. Synt. Th. 3, p. 32), it is, in archaic and official language, preferred to et, from which it is distinguished by denoting a closer connection. It is used,

Singly, to effect,

Co-ordination of words,

Of cognate meaning:

fames sitisque,

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

augeri amplificarique,

id. ib. 1, 11, 38:

admirabilis incredibilisque,

id. ib. 3, 22, 74:

fuga pavorque,

Liv. 29, 25:

cibus victusque,

id. 2, 35:

concilium coetusque,

Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

res rationesque,

Plaut. Am. prol. 4:

blandimenta voluptatis otiique,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

extremum summumque supplicium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169:

imperio auspicioque,

Curt. 5, 1, 1:

carus acceptusque,

Sall. J. 12, 3:

jus fasque,

Liv. 8, 5. —

Esp. in phrases like longe longeque,

Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68; Hor. S. 1, 6, 18:

longe multumque,

Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 40:

saepe diuque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 1. — With comp.:

plus plusque,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 10:

magis magisque,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 116:

minus minusque,

id. Aul. prol. 18; with personal and possessive pronouns:

me meosque,

Plaut. Bacch. 8, 4, 6:

ipse meique,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 65;

and in archaic formulae: potes pollesque,

Liv. 1, 24:

vivunt vigentque,

id. 25, 38. —

Of contrasted meaning:

jus nefasque,

Hor. Epod. 5, 87: longe lateque, Naev. ap. Non. p. 503:

cominus eminusque,

Liv. 31, 24:

ultro citroque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:

terrā marique,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 25:

ferro ignique,

Cic. Phil. 11, 14, 37:

pace belloque,

Liv. 2, 1:

belli domique,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 230:

domi ferisque,

Sall. J. 85, 3:

tempus locusque,

Liv. 1, 9:

parvis magnisque,

Plaut. Ps. 771:

floribus coronisque,

flowers loose and bound up, Curt. 4, 4, 5. —

Adding a detail or explanation (not in Cic.).

General:

fratres consanguineosque,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33:

largitiones temeritatisque invitamenta,

Liv. 2, 42:

ad tempus non venit, metusque rem impediebat,

Sall. J. 70, 5:

a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque,

Liv. 7, 15, 7: Graeco peregrinoque sermone, Just. praef. 1. —

Special to general:

arma tantum ferrumque in dextris,

Liv. 5, 42, 8. —

General to special:

nostra consilia quaeque in castris gerantur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

obsides daturos quaeque imperasset facturos,

id. ib. 4, 27:

regno fortunisque omnibus expulit,

Sall. J. 14, 2:

Baliares levemque armaturam,

Liv. 21, 55.—

Introducing an explanatory clause, and so (Liv.):

fretusque his animis Aeneas,

Liv. 1, 2:

Sabinusque,

id. 1, 45. —

In an answer (very rare):

Ain heri nos adventisse huc? Aio, adveniensque ilico me salutasti,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 167.—

Equivalent to quoque only in hodieque (not before Velleius):

quae hodieque appellatur Ionia,

Vell. 1, 4, 3:

quae hodieque celebres sunt,

id. 2, 8, 3:

in Abydi gymnasio colitur hodieque,

Plin. 2, 58, 59, § 150:

et hodieque reliquiae durant,

id. 8, 45, 70, § 176:

sunt clari hodieque,

Quint. 10, 1, 94. —

Connecting final member of a clause:

fauste, feliciter, prospereque,

Cic. Mur. 1, 1 fin.:

ab honore, famā fortunisque,

id. ib. 1, 1 fin.:

pacem, tranquillitatem, otium concordiamque afferat,

id. ib. 1, 1. —

In transition to a new subject or thought:

quoniamque ea natura esset hominis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 67:

discriptioque sacerdotum nullum justae religionis genus praetermittit,

id. Leg. 2, 12, 30; v. Madv. ad. Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 73.—

Repeated, que... que.

Both... and (not in Cæs., once in Cic.; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 338), co-ordinating,

Similar notions:

quasque incepistis res, quasque inceptabitis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 7:

risusque jocosque,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 98.—

Contrasted notions:

meque teque,

Asin. 3, 2, 31: mores veteresque novosque tenentem, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4:

mittuntque feruntque,

Ov. M. 12, 495:

noctesque diesque,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 51.—

Esp. when one or both of the words are pronouns:

seque remque publicam curabant,

Sall. C. 9, 3:

quique in urbe erant, quosque acciverant,

Liv. 1, 55:

quique exissent, quique ibi mansissent,

id. 25, 22.—

Que... que, and... and, the first que referring to a previous clause: singulasque res definimus, circumscripteque [p. 1509] complectimur, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147.—

More than twice.

Que... que... que:

quod mihique eraeque filiaeque erili est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 3:

regnaque tristia, Divosque mortalesque turbas regit,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 46.—

Four times, Sil. 2, 444;

five times,

Verg. G. 3, 344;

seven times,

Ov. M. 9, 691.—

Followed by other conjunctions.

Que... et (not in Cic., Cæs., Suet., or Nep.):

peregrique et domi,

Plaut. Am. prol. 5:

deus, qui quae nos gerimus auditque et videt,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 63:

seque et oppidum tradat,

Sall. J. 26, 1:

illosque et Sullam,

id. ib. 104, 1:

signaque et ordines,

Liv. 2, 59; 1, 43, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

legatique et tribuni,

id. 29, 22:

in formulam jurisque et dicionis,

id. 26, 24:

omnes gentesque et terrae,

id. 21, 30, 2 (v. Fabri ad loc.):

Arpinique et Romani,

id. 24, 47:

seque et arma,

Curt. 8, 4, 15:

seque et delatores,

Tac. Agr. 42.—

Que... et... et:

Romanique et Macedones et socii,

Liv. 44, 29:

seque et arma et equos,

Tac. Agr. 18:

seque et domum et pacem,

id. A. 1, 4; 12, 37. —

Que... ac (rare, not earlier than Verg.):

satisque ac super,

Ov. M. 4, 429:

minusque ac minus,

Liv. 26, 17:

oculisque ac mente turbatus,

id. 7, 26:

posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

Verg. G. 1, 182:

seque ac liberos suos,

Tac. H. 3, 63:

opibusque atque honoribus,

id. ib. 4, 34. —

Que... ac... et:

in quos seque ac conjuges et liberos condunt,

Curt. 5, 6, 17. —

Que... et... ac, Liv. 35, 41. —

Following a conjunction, et... que: paratissimi et ab exercitu reliquisque rebus, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, a, 5:

id et singulis universisque honori fuisse,

Liv. 4, 2 (Weissenb. et id);

occasionally in Cic. (through negligence, acc. to Madvig): igitur et Epaminondas... Themistoclesque,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4:

officia et servata praetermissaque,

id. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—

Que nearly equivalent to autem, sed..., but (not in Cæs.):

studio ad rempublicam latus sum ibique multa mihi advorsa fuere,

but there, Sall. C. 3, 3.—Mostly after a negative:

Socrates nec patronum quaesivit nec judicibus supplex fuit, adhibuitque liberam contumaciam,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Cat. 2, 13, 28 fin.:

qui non temere movendam rem tantam expectandosque ex Hispaniā legatos censerent,

Liv. 21, 6, 7:

quae neque dant flammas lenique vapore cremantur,

Ov. M. 2, 811.—

Que is usually appended to the first word of the phrase, but to a noun rather than to a monosyllabic preposition governing it, unless the preposition is repeated:

de provinciāque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

per vimque,

id. Phil. 5, 4, 10; cf.:

ab iisque,

id. Tusc. 5, 33, 94:

sub occasumque solis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 11.—

Exceptions are to be found, especially in Liv.: proque ignoto,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 10:

exque eo tempore,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 80; 1, 34, 122:

inque eam rem,

id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114:

inque eo exercitu,

id. Sest. 18, 41:

inque eam rem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36; Liv. 10, 37, 15; 40, 57, 5; Tac. A. 15, 45:

cumque eis,

Sall. C. 6, 1:

proque,

Liv. 4, 26, 9; 6, 26, 5; 30, 18, 2:

deque praedā,

id. 23, 11, 3:

perque,

id. 1, 49, 5; 3, 6, 7; 5, 36, 7:

transque,

id. 22, 41, 7:

aque,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 30:

eque,

Verg. E. 7, 13; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3:

exque eo,

Cels. 7, 27:

perque somnum,

id. 2, 5.—And where the same preposition is repeated que is regularly joined to it:

haec de se, deque provinciā,

Liv. 26, 28, 3; 22, 59, 16; 29, 23, 10; 31, 5, 4;

38, 35, 7: de matrimonio Agrippinae, deque Neronis adoptione,

Suet. Claud. 43 init.:

per senectutem tuam, perque eam, quam, etc.,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 3. —

Where the preposition is dissyllabic it regularly takes the que: interque eos,

Liv. 2, 20, 8; 5, 49, 7:

sine scutis sineque ferro,

Cic. Caecin. 23, 64. —

It is rarely annexed to the second word of the clause, when the first word is an adverb: tantos tam praecipitisque casus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 13:

tanto tam immensoque campo,

id. ib. 3, 31, 124 al.—In class. Latin que is not appended to hic, sic, nunc, huc, etc. (v. Madv. ad. Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 40):

hucque et illuc,

Tac. A. 13, 37; 15, 38: tuncque id. ib. 6, 7 (1);

14, 15.—Que is often misplaced by the poets, especially by Tibullus and Propertius in the latter part of the pentameter: Messallam terrā dum sequiturque mari,

Tib. 1, 3, 56:

ferratam Danaes transiliamque domum,

Prop. 2, 16, 11.

quīn, conj. [abl. quī and ne].

As an interrog. particle, why not? wherefore not? (only in exhortation or remonstrance; not in inquiring for a fact; cf.: quidni, cur non).

Usu. with indic. pres.:

quid stas, lapis? Quin accipis?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 4:

quin experimur,

id. Phorm. 3, 3, 5 Fleck. (Umpf experiemur):

quin continetis vocem?

Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 18:

quin potius pacem aeternam Exercemus?

Verg. A. 4, 99:

quin igitur ulciscimur Graeciam?

Curt. 5, 7, 4:

quin conscendimus equos?

why not mount our horses? Liv. 1, 57.—

With imper.:

quin me aspice et contempla,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 16:

quin uno verbo dic, quid est, quod me velis,

just say in one word! Ter. And. 1, 1, 18:

quin tu hoc crimen obice ubi licet agere,

i. e. you had better, Cic. Rosc. Com. 9, 25. —

With subj. only in orat. obliq.:

quin illi congrederentur acie inclinandamque semel fortunae rem darent,

Liv. 3, 61, 14; 4, 43, 11; 40, 40, 4.—

Transf.

As a rel. particle, prop. quī or qui ne, and mostly where the rel. stands for a nom. masc. or for abl. of time, who... not, that not, but that, but, often = Engl. without and a participial clause.

In gen.:

curiosus nemo est quin sit malevolus,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 54:

neque aequom est occultum id haberi, quin participem te,

id. Aul. 2, 1, 13; id. Cas. 2, 8, 68:

nulla causast quin me condones cruci,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 26:

ut nullo modo Introire possem, quin me viderent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 2:

facere non possum, quin ad te mittam,

I cannot forbear sending to you, Cic. Att. 12, 27, 3:

cum causae nihil esset, quin secus indicaret,

id. Quint. 9, 32:

nihil abest, quin sim miserrimus,

id. Att. 11, 15, 3:

neminem conveni, quin omnes mihi maximas gratias agant,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 1:

nemo est, quin ubivis quam ibi ubi est, esse malit,

id. ib. 6, 1, 1:

repertus est nemo quin mori diceret satius est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 36, § 88:

nemo, qui aliquo esset in numero, scripsit orationem quin redigeret omnis sententias, etc.,

id. Or. 61, 208:

nihil praetermisi, quin enucleate ad te scriberem,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

neque ullus flare ventus poterat quin aliquā ex parte secundum cursum haberent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 47:

nulli ex itinere excedere licebat quin ab equitatu Caesaris exciperetur,

without being cut off, id. ib. 1, 79:

nullum fere tempus intermiserunt, quin trans Rhenum legatos mitterent,

without sending, id. B. G. 5, 55:

in castello nemo fuit omnino militum quin vulneraretur,

id. B. C. 3, 53:

quid recusare potest, quin et socii sibi consulant,

Liv. 32, 21: vix superat, quin triumphus decernatur, it wants little that, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 13, 5:

paene factum est, quin castra relinquerentur,

i.e. they were very near deserting their camp, id. ib. 17, 13, 5.— So quin (= quī non) stands for a rel. abl. of time:

neque ullum fere tempus intercessit quin aliquem de motu Gallorum nuntium acciperet,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53.— More rarely quin stands for quae non, quod non, etc.: nulla est civitas quin ad id tempus partem senatus Cordubam mitteret. Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

nulla fuit Thessaliae civitas quin Caesari pareret,

id. ib. 3, 81:

nulla (natura), quin suam vim retineat,

Cic. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

horum autem nihil est quin intereat,

id. N. D. 3, 12, 30; id. Rep. 1, 2, 2: nihil est quin male narrando possit depravari, Ter. [p. 1513] Phorm. 4, 4, 16:

nihil tam difficilest quin investigare possiet,

id. Heant. 4, 2, 8:

cum nemo esset, quin hoc se audisse liquido diceret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 136:

Messanam nemo venit, quin viderit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 4, §

7: nego ullam picturam fuisse, quin inspexerit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 1, § 1; cf. Gell. 17, 13, 2 sq., and Cato ap. Gell. ib. § 3.— 2. Esp. after words expressing hesitation (usu. with neg.):

non dubitaturum, quin cederet, Cic Mil. 23, 63: nolite dubitare, quin,

id. Imp. Pomp. 23, 68:

et vos non dubitatis, quin,

id. Agr. 2, 26, 69:

dubitatis, Quirites, quin hoc tantum boni in rem publicam conferatis?

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49. —

Much more freq. after words expressing doubt, ignorance, etc.:

non dubitabat, quin,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 3:

cave dubites, quin,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 6:

non dubitabat quin... non posset,

id. Att. 5, 11, 7; id. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

non esse dubium, quin... possent,

no doubt that, Caes. B. G. 1, 4; Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

neque abest suspicio, quin,

a suspicion that, Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

quis ignerat, quin?

who is ignorant that? who does not know that? Cic. Fl. 27, 64:

dies fere nullus est, quin hic Satyrus domum meam ventitet,

hardly a day passes that he does not come, id. Att. 1, 1, 3.—

That not, as if not, as though not:

non quin ipse dissentiam, sed quod,

not but that, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 1: non quin breviter reddi responsum potuerit, Liv 2, 15. —

For corroboration.

But, indeed, really, verily, of a truth:

Hercle quin tu recte dicis,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 77: credo;

neque id injuria: quin Mihi molestum est,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 20:

te nec hortor, nec rogo, ut domum redeas, quin hinc ipse evolare cupio,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1.— Esp. in reaching a climax or adding a stronger assertion or proof: quin etiam, yea indeed, nay even:

credibile non est, quantum scribam die: quin etiam noctibus,

Cic. Att. 13, 26, 3; 14, 21, 3:

quin etiam necesse crit cupere et optare, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

quin etiam voces jactare,

Verg. A. 2, 768: mortem non esse metuendam, quin etiam si, etc., nay, not even if, etc., Lact. 3, 27 fin.; cf.:

quin et Atridas Priamus fefellit,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 13.—

Rather, yea rather:

nihil ea res animum militaris viri imminuit, quin contra plus spei naotus,

Liv. 35, 26.—

In corrections, nay, rather:

non potest dici satis quantum in illo sceleris fuerit, Quin sic attendite, judices, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 29, 78 sq. (cf. Halm ad loc., and Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 164).

suffectĭo ( subf-), ōnis, f. [sufficio] (post-class.).

An adding:

unguentorum,

Arn. 5, 166:

macularum,

id. 7, 251.—

A supplying, substituting:

animarum alterna mortuorum atque viventium suffectio,

Tert. Anim. 28; cf. suffectura.

suggestĭo ( subg-), ōnis, f. [suggero].

Lit., an adding to, addition:

potus suggestione auctus,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 13, 182.—

Trop.

A rhet. fig., where the orator puts a question and answers it himself, a suggestion:

quod schema quidam per suggestionem vocant, i. e. per subjectionem,

Quint. 9, 2, 15.—

A hint, intimation, suggestion (late Lat.), Vop. Aur. 14; 19; Symm. Ep. 9, 20; Inscr. Orell. 2.

suffectĭo ( subf-), ōnis, f. [sufficio] (post-class.).

An adding:

unguentorum,

Arn. 5, 166:

macularum,

id. 7, 251.—

A supplying, substituting:

animarum alterna mortuorum atque viventium suffectio,

Tert. Anim. 28; cf. suffectura.

suggestĭo ( subg-), ōnis, f. [suggero].

Lit., an adding to, addition:

potus suggestione auctus,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 13, 182.—

Trop.

A rhet. fig., where the orator puts a question and answers it himself, a suggestion:

quod schema quidam per suggestionem vocant, i. e. per subjectionem,

Quint. 9, 2, 15.—

A hint, intimation, suggestion (late Lat.), Vop. Aur. 14; 19; Symm. Ep. 9, 20; Inscr. Orell. 2.

vĕl, conj. and adv. [old imv. of volo] prop., will, choose, take your choice; hence,

As disjunctive conjunction, to introduce an alternative as a matter of choice or preference, or as not affecting the principal assertion (while aut introduces an absolute or essential opposition; cf. Madv. Gr. § 436; Zumpt, Gr. § 339; Fischer, Gr. § 383).

Singly.

In gen., or (if you will), or else, or (at your pleasure), or (at least), or (it is indifferent), or (what is the same thing), etc.:

dic igitur me passerculum... haedillum me tuom dic esse vel vitellum,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 77: viginti minis? Ba. Utrum vis, vel quater quinis minis, id. Ps. 1, 3, 111:

lege vel tabellas redde,

id. ib. 1, 1, 29:

in solem ponito vel sine sale in defrutum condito,

Cato, R. R. 7: orabant (sc. Ubii), ut sibi auxilium ferret... vel... exercitum modo Rhenum transportaret, or at least, i. e. or, if he preferred it, Caes. B. G. 4, 16:

ejusmodi conjunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:

in unius voluntate vel moribus,

id. ib. 2, 28, 51:

in unā urbe vel in hac ipsā,

id. ib. 3, 10, 17:

constituere vel conservare,

id. ib. 2, 38, 64:

in ardore caelesti, qui aether vel caelum nominatur,

id. N. D. 2, 15, 41:

transfer idem ad modestiam vel temperantiam,

id. Fin. 2, 19, 60; cf. Madv. ad id. ib. 2, 25, 81:

unum illud extimescebam, ne quid turpiter facerem, vel dicam, jam effecissem,

id. Att. 9, 7, 1: haec neque confirmare argumentis neque refellere in animo est;

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

Tac. G. 3.—

Esp.

With potius, to correct or make more precise what has been said, or rather:

ex hoc populo indomito vel potius immani,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68:

post obitum vel potius excessum Romuli,

id. ib. 2, 30, 53:

cessit auctoritati amplissimi viri vel potius paruit,

id. Lig. 7, 22:

vide quid licentiae nobis tua liberalitas det, vel potius audaciae,

id. ib. 8, 23:

ludorum plausus vel testimonia potius,

id. Phil. 1, 15, 36:

quam valde ille reditu vel potius reversione meā laetatus!

id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Phil. 13, 9, 19:

novem tibi orbibus, vel potius globis conexa sunt omnia,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

plurimas vel potius omnes ex se ipso virtutes contulit,

Quint. 10, 1, 109.—In climax after a negative:

tu certe numquam in hoc ordine vel potius numquam in hac urbe mansisses,

Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 38.—

So corrective, without potius:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

clariore vel plane perspicua,

id. Fin. 5, 20, 55; id. Lael. 12, 41:

Capua ab duce eorum Capye, vel. quod propius vero est, a campestri agro appellata,

Liv. 4, 37, 1:

cum P. Decius se in Samnium vel in Etruriam proficisci paratum esse ostendisset,

id. 10, 26, 4.—Esp. in the phrase vel dicam, or let me rather say, or rather:

quando enim nobis, vel dicam aut oratoribus bonis aut poëtis, ullus... ornatus defuit?

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10; id. Brut. 57, 207; id. Cael. 31, 75; id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; id. Att. 9, 7, 1; Suet. Calig. 13.—So intensive, or I may even say (cf. II. A. 3. infra):

omnes binos consules, vel dicam amplius, omnia nomina,

Varr. L. L. 8, p. 106 Bip.:

a plerisque vel dicam ab omnibus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 3; id. Brut. 70, 246.—

Vel etiam, or even:

ut expositio quarundam rerum gestarum vel etiam fabulosarum,

Quint. 4, 3, 12. —

= aut, or else.

With an alternative necessary consequence:

id autem nec nasci potest nec mori, vel concidat omne caelum omnisque natura consistat necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 Tischer ad loc.:

vel tu ne faceres tale in adulescentiā,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 22.—

In gen. ( poet. and post class.):

si copias armatorum... secum expenderent, vincendum illā acie vel cadendum esse,

Tac. A. 14, 35:

mortem omnibus ex naturā aequalem oblivione apud posteros vel gloriă distingui,

id. H. 1, 21; cf. id. A. 14, 61; 14, 62:

quod imperium variā sorte laetum rei publicae aut atrox, principibus prosperum vel exitio fuit,

id. H. 2, 1 init.; 2, 10; 2, 68; cf. Ov. M. 9, 624 sq.; 15, 601 sq.—

In a subordinate alternative after aut:

nec aut tibi ipsi aut huic Secundo vel huic Apro ignotas,

Tac. Or. 28:

ne contra Gai quidem aut Claudii vel Neronis... domum,

id. H. 2, 76:

abscedens in hortos aut Tusculanum vel Antiatem in agrum,

id. A. 14, 3 init.:

dementiae quoque judicia aut propter id quod factum est aut propter id quod adhuc fieri vel non fieri potest instituuntur,

Quint. 7, 4, 29.—

As co-ordinate.

Vel... vel, either... or, be it... or; in gen. (class.; but where the alternatives are necessary and exclusive, that is, where one must be right and the other wrong, aut... aut is used; v. infra, and cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 11, 27): sed hic numquis adest? Pa. Vel adest vel non, i. e. just as you please, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 28 Brix ad loc.:

paucis me misit ad eam... vel ut ducentos Philippos reddat aureos, vel ut hinc eat secum,

id. Bacch. 4, 1, 18 sq.:

ubi illic biberit, vel servato meum modum vel ego dabo,

id. Stich. 5, 4, 37:

vel tu me vende, vel face quod tibi lubet,

id. Pers. 3, 1, 70:

nunc quamobrem huc sum missa, amabo, vel tu mihi ajas, vel neges,

id. Rud. 2, 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 44:

Allobrogibus sese vel persuasuros... existimabant, vel vi coacturos, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6:

ut (Romani) vel sibi agros attribuant vel patiantur eos tenere, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 7:

vel sumptuosae vel desidiosae illecebrae,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8:

in omni vel officio vel sermone sollers,

id. ib. 2, 21, 37:

maximum virtutis vel documentum, vel officium,

id. ib. 1, 20, 33:

pace vel Quirini vel Romuli dixerim,

id. Off. 3, 10, 42:

erant quaestiones vel de caede vel de vi,

id. Mil. 5, 13; 7, 20; id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; id. Lig. 6, 17; id. Deiot. 1, 1; 5, 13; id. Brut. 69, 242:

animus vel bello vel paci paratus,

Liv. 1, 1, 8:

hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit vel paci decorum vel bello,

id. 1, 42, 5: Etruriam et Samnium provincias esse;

utram mallet eligeret: suo exercitu se vel in Etruriā vel in Samnio rem gesturum,

id. 10, 19, 9:

gladioque ruptis omnibus loris, oraculi sortem vel elusit vel implevit,

Curt. 3, 1, 18:

nihil illo fuisset excellentius vel in vitiis vel in virtutibus,

Nep. Alcib. 1, 1; 2, 1; id. Milt. 3, 4.—

Connected with aut, but not corresponding to it (cf. infra, 2. e.):

num aut tuum aut cujusquam nostrum nomen vel Caucasum hunc transcendere potuit vel illum Gangem transnatare?

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 22:

ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?

id. Sen. 16, 57:

si velim scribere quid aut legere aut canere vel voce vel fidibus, aut geometricum quiddam aut physicum aut dialecticum explicare, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 59, 122.—

Esp.

With weakened disjunctive force (nearly = et... et). quemadmodum ille vel Athenis vel Rhodi se doctissimorum hominum sermonibus dedisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 1, 3:

multos sine ratione, sine litteris, quā vel inpudentia vel fames duxit, ruentes,

Quint. 2, 20, 2:

affectus vel illos mites vel hos concitatos in suā potestate habuisse,

id. 10, 1, 48: eadem quaestio potest eundem vel accusatorem facere vel reum, id. 3, 6, 18: et nundina vetera ex ordine instituit, vel dies vel tempora, Lampr Alex. Sev. 43: pestilentia tanta exstiterat vel Romae, vel Achaicis urbibus, ut, etc., Treb. Gall. 5.—

More than twice, either... or... or, etc. tu vel suda, vel peri algu, vel tu aegrota, vel vale, Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 24:

hance tu mihi vel vi vel clam vel precario Fac tradas: meā nil re fert, dum potiar modo,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

vel in tempestate, vel in agris, vel in corporibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68:

vel quod ita vivit vel quod ita rem publicam gerit vel quod ita factus est,

id. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

vel spectator laudum tuarum vel particeps vel socius vel minister consiliorum,

id. Fam. 2, 7, 2; id. Red. Quir. 9, 23;

so eight times,

id. Rep. 1, 3, 6. —

The second (or last) vel strengthened,

By etiam:

quae vel ad usum vitae vel etiam ad ipsam rem publicam conferre possumus,

or even, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 30; so id. ib. 1, 29, 45; 2, 1, 1; cf.:

ut vel ea defendam, quae Pompejus velit, vel taceam, vel etiam ad nostra me studia referam litterarum,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 3.—

By vero etiam:

in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis, vel vero etiam negotiis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4.—

By omnino: haec vel ad odium, vel ad misericordiam, vel omnino ad animos judicum movendos ex iis quae sunt ante posita, sumentur ( or in general), Cic. Part. Or. 36, 128.—

Rarely after a negative = neque, nor:

neque satis Bruto... vel tribunis militum constabat, quid agerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14.—

In irregular construction, without the second vel:

utrumque est in his, quod ab hoc oratore abhorreat: vel quod omnis, qui sapientes non sint, insanos esse dicunt... accedit quod, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 65; id. Att. 11, 7, 5; cf. esp. Lucr. 5, 383 sqq. Munro ad loc. —

Vel... vel = aut... aut:

habere ea, quae secundum naturam sint, vel omnia vel plurima et maxima,

i. e. so nearly all that the difference is unimportant, Cic. Fin. 4, 11, 27; cf.

Madv. ad loc.: cum bonā quidem spe, ut ait idem, vel vincendi vel in libertate moriendi,

id. Att. 7, 9, 4.—For vel... vel, in a subordinate alternative after aut, v. the examples under I. B. 1. b. supra.—

Vel, correl. with aut (post-Aug. and rare):

verborum quoque vis ac proprietas confirmatur vel praesumptione... aut reprehensione,

Quint. 9, 2, 18:

voces... aut productione tantum vel correptione mutatae,

id. 9, 3, 69 (but the line Ov. M. 1, 546, is spurious); so,

aut... aut... vel: ut aut de nomine aut scripto et sententiā vel ratiocinatione quaeratur,

Quint. 3, 6, 72:

aut... aut... aut... aut... vel,

id. 8, 6, 68 sq.; cf.:

ubi regnat Protogenes aliquis vel Diphilus aut Erimarchus,

Juv. 3, 120.

As intens. particle (prop. ellipt., implying an alternative the first member of which is omitted, something else or even this, etc.).

In gen., or even, if you will, or indeed, or... itself, even, assuredly, certainly.

With subst.:

tum opsonium autem pol vel legioni sat est,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 24; id. Capt. 1, 2, 23; id. Curc. 5, 2, 13:

ita me di ament, vel in lautumiis, vel in pistrino mavelim Agere aetatem, Quam, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 5: Ep. Si arte poteris accubare. Ge. Vel inter cuneos ferreos, id. Stich. 4, 2, 39:

vel rex semper maxumas Mihi agebat gratias,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 7:

sed tamen vel regnum malo quam liberum populum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 34, 46:

isto quidem modo vel consulatus vituperabilis est,

id. Leg. 3, 10, 23:

cum se vel principes ejus consilii fore profiterentur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37:

vel Priamo miseranda manus,

Verg. A. 11, 259:

ego vel Prochytam praepono Suburae,

Juv. 3, 5:

facile me paterer vel illo ipso acerrimo judice quaerente vel apud Cassianos judices... pro Sex. Roscio dicere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 85:

populus Romanus auctoritatem suam vel contra omnes defendere potest,

even if necessary, id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63:

id se probaturum vel ipso Verginio judice,

Liv. 3, 44, 10:

belli necessitatibus eam patientiam non adhibebimus, quam vel lusus ac voluptas elicere solet?

id. 5, 6, 3:

timebant ne Romana plebs... vel cum servitute pacem acciperet,

even if it should involve their enslavement, id. 2, 9, 5.—

With adjj.: Ch. Pax, te tribus verbis volo. Sy. Vel trecentis, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 122: Ca. Ut opperiare hos sex dies saltem modo... Ba. Animo bono es. Vel sex mensis opperibor, id. Ps. 1, 3, 89; cf.: jam hercle vel ducentae [p. 1964] minae, id. ib. 1, 3, 68;

1, 3, 111: hoc ascensu vel tres armati quamlibet multitudinem arcuerint,

Liv. 9, 24, 7: Ph. Dane suavium? Di. Immo vel decem, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22:

ego illum eunuchum, si opus sit, vel sobrius,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 26:

si sit opus, vel totum triduom,

id. ib. 2, 1, 17:

haec sunt omnia ingenii vel mediocris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 119.—

With verbs: namque edepol quamvis desubito vel cadus vorti potest, may even be turned over, i. e. will be empty, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 39:

ubi ego hinc abiero, vel occidito,

if you will, even, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 93:

per me vel stertas licet, inquit Carneades, non modo quiescas,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93:

ut ipsis sententiis, quibus proluserunt, vel pugnare possint,

id. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

cum vel abundare debeam, cogor mutuari,

id. Att. 15 15, 3—

With pronn.:

videndum erit, quid quisque vel sine nobis aut possit consequi aut non possit,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59:

existiment quod velint, ac vel hoc intellegant,

id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

est tibi ex his ipsis qui assunt bella copia, vel ut a te ipso ordiare,

especially as you can begin with yourself, id. Rep. 2, 40, 67.—

With superlatives, to denote the highest possible degree, the very; the utmost; the most...possible.

With adjj.: hoc invenisset unum ad morbum illum homini vel bellissimum, the very loveliest, the most beautiful possible, Lucil. ap. Non. 527, 28:

vidi in dolore podagrae ipsum vel omnium maximum Stoicorum Posidonium,

Cic. Fragm. ib. 32:

hoc in genere nervorum vel minimum, suavitatis autem est vel plurimum,

the very least... the utmost possible, id. Or. 26, 91:

quarum duarum (civitatum) si adessent (legationes), duo crimina vel maxima minuerentur,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 14:

patre meā sententiā vel eloquentissimo temporibus illis,

the most eloquent possible, id. de Or. 2, 23, 98:

quod erat ad obtinendam potentiam nobilium vel maximum, vehementer id retinebatur,

id. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

cujus (sc. Hannibalis) eo tempore vel maxima apud regem auctoritas erat,

Liv. 36, 41, 2:

vident unum senatorem vel tenuissimum esse damnatum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 46:

fora templaque occupabantur, ut vel exspectatissimi triumphi laetitia praecipi posset,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 51:

sed vel potentissima apud Amphictyonas aequi tractatio est,

Quint. 5, 10, 118; 11, 1, 81.—

With advv.:

vel studiosissime quaerere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

vel maxime confirmare,

id. N. D. 2, 65, 162; so,

vel maxime,

id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; id. de Or. 1, 8, 32; id. Att. 9, 12, 3; Quint. 1, 3, 12; 4, 3, 4.—

In adding an instance implying that other instances might be mentioned at will, or this one; for instance, for example, as for example, in particular:

Per pol quam paucos reperias Fideles amatores... Vel hic Pamphilus jurabat quotiens Bacchidi, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 3:

vel heri in vino quam inmodestus fuisti,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 7: nullast tam facilis res quin difficilis siet Quom invitus facias;

vel me haec deambulatio... ad languorum dedit,

id. ib. 4, 6, 1:

sed suavis accipio litteras, vel quas proxime acceperam, quam prudentis!

Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 1:

cujus innumerabilia sunt exempla, vel Appii majoris illius, qui, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 70, 284.—

Concessive.

With superlatives, perhaps:

adulescens vel potentissimus nostrae civitatis,

Cic. Rosc. A. 2, 6:

domus vel optima Messanae, notissima quidem certe,

the best known, at any rate, if not the finest, id. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3.—

= saltem, at least:

quā re etsi minus veram causam habebis, tamen vel probabilem aliquam poteris inducere,

Cic. Fam. 11, 22, 2:

plurimi semetipsos exhortantur vel aliquas partes earum (scientiarum) addiscere, quamvis universas percipere non possint,

Col. 11, 1, 11:

ac, ni flexisset animos, vel Aegypti praefecturam concedi sibi oraret,

Suet. Ner. 47:

ut messe vel unā releves colla perusta,

Mart. 10, 12, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 8; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43.