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81 разрешающая способность
1) Computers: aspect ratio2) Biology: defining power, defining power (микроскопа), resolution (микроскопа)3) Medicine: resolution, resolution (в оптике), resolving power (в оптике)4) Military: discriminability, discrimination power (напр. РЛС), target discrimination5) Engineering: acutance (фотоматериала), definition (объектива), resolution capability, resolution power, resolution ratio (при поиске), resolution threshold, resolving ability6) Agriculture: resolving power (микроскопа)7) Mathematics: pixel resolution, resolving power, the resolving power (of a human eye)8) Mining: resolving power (микроскопа)9) Metallurgy: image definition10) Telecommunications: acuity, resolution characteristic11) Oil: discrimination (диагноза), resolution of the instrument, resolving capacity12) Astronautics: discrimination capacity, resolution characteristics, target resolution13) Cartography: optical power14) Metrology: spatial frequency (оптической системы)15) Electronic tubes: deflection sensibility16) Patents: resolving power (видеосистем)17) Microelectronics: resolution capabitity, resolution lasing18) Automation: accuracy grade (напр. датчика), discrimination (прибора), minimum grade value (измерительного прибора), resolving power (оптического прибора), sensitivity19) Arms production: resolution (прибора), resolution (оптики), resolving power (прибора, оптического прицела)20) Aviation medicine: resolution ability (зрения), resolutional ability (зрения), resolving power (оптики)21) Makarov: deflection sensibility (ЭЛТ), resolution (Физ), resolution (прибора), resolving power (Физ)22) Electrochemistry: resolution (прибора)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > разрешающая способность
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82 точность считывания показаний приборов
Quality control: instrument reading accuracyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > точность считывания показаний приборов
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83 точность электроизмерительного прибора
Telecommunications: instrument accuracyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > точность электроизмерительного прибора
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84 съёмка
coverage тлв, mapping геод., shooting, shot, survey, surveying* * *съё́мка ж.1. геод., топ. surveyобосно́вывать съё́мку — control a surveyпроизводи́ть съё́мку — survey2. ( фотографическая) photography; ( кинематографическая) filming, shootingаэрофотограмметри́ческая съё́мка — aerophotogrammetric surveyаэрофототопографи́ческая съё́мка — aerophototopographyбуссо́льная съё́мка — compass surveyвысокоскоростна́я съё́мка — high-speed photographyвысокото́чная съё́мка — high-accuracy surveyгеодези́ческая съё́мка — geodetic surveyгеологи́ческая съё́мка — geologic surveyгеомагни́тная съё́мка — geomagnetic(al) surveyгидрографи́ческая съё́мка — hydrographic(al) surveyглазоме́рная съё́мка — exploratory [approximate, eye, rough] survey, sketchingгравиметри́ческая съё́мка — gravimetric surveyдальноме́рная съё́мка — stadia survey, telemetryдета́льная съё́мка — detail surveyобосно́вывать дета́льную съё́мку опо́рными то́чками — control detailed survey by accurately located pointsинжене́рная съё́мка — engineer(ing) [site] surveyинструмента́льная съё́мка — instrument(al) surveyкрупномасшта́бная съё́мка — large-scale surveyлесна́я съё́мка — forest surveyмагнитометри́ческая съё́мка — magnetometer surveyмаркше́йдерская съё́мка — mine [underground] surveyмаршру́тная съё́мка — route [strip] surveyмелкомасшта́бная съё́мка — small scale surveyме́нзульная съё́мка — plane-table surveyполева́я съё́мка — field surveyполигонометри́ческая съё́мка — traverse (survey), polygonometryпо́чвенная съё́мка — soil mapping, soil surveyрекогносциро́вочная съё́мка — reconnaissance surveyтахеометри́ческая съё́мка — tacheometric(al) [stadia transit] survey, tacheometryтеллурометри́ческая съё́мка — tellurometer surveyтеодоли́тная съё́мка — theodolite [traverse, transit] surveyтопографи́ческая съё́мка — topographic(al) survey -
85 измерять с точностью
Измерять с точностьюThe instrument enables the average temperature of the ring to be measured to an accuracy of ±l K.It was possible to measure the position of the shock to within 1 mm.The rotational speed which could be measured to one rev/min was steady to within 1 percent.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > измерять с точностью
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86 съёмка
1. ж. геод. топ., surveyтриангуляционная съёмка, топографическое измерение; межевание — land survey
2. ж. photography; filming, shooting -
87 тарирование
calibration
(тарировка)
проверка показаний измерит. приборов путем сравнения с показаниями образцовых приборов или мер. — the process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard to determine its accuracy or to device a corrected scale.
- (градуировка шкалы прибора) — graduation, calibration. each graduation of scale represents 10 deg. dial calibration on 10 deg. intervals.
-, абсолютная — absolute calibration
-, динамическая — dynamic calibration
- по времени — time calibration
- по дальности — range calibration
- по относительному сопротивлению (потенциометров) — ratio calibration
- по числу м — mach number calibration
-, предварительная — preliminary calibration
-, статическая — static calibration
- указателя воздушной скорости — airspeed indicator calibrationРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > тарирование
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88 Hetzel, Max
[br]b. 5 March 1921 Basle, Switzerland[br]Swiss electrical engineer who invented the tuning-fork watch.[br]Hetzel trained as an electrical engineer at the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich and worked for several years in the field of telecommunications before joining the Bulova Watch Company in 1950. At that time several companies were developing watches with electromagnetically maintained balances, but they represented very little advance on the mechanical watch and the mechanical switching mechanism was unreliable. In 1952 Hetzel started work on a much more radical design which was influenced by a transistorized tuning-fork oscillator that he had developed when he was working on telecommunications. Tuning forks, whose vibrations were maintained electromagnetically, had been used by scientists during the nineteenth century to measure small intervals of time, but Niaudet- Breguet appears to have been the first to use a tuning fork to control a clock. In 1866 he described a mechanically operated tuning-fork clock manufactured by the firm of Breguet, but it was not successful, possibly because the fork did not compensate for changes in temperature. The tuning fork only became a precision instrument during the 1920s, when elinvar forks were maintained in vibration by thermionic valve circuits. Their primary purpose was to act as frequency standards, but they might have been developed into precision clocks had not the quartz clock made its appearance very shortly afterwards. Hetzel's design was effectively a miniaturized version of these precision devices, with a transistor replacing the thermionic valve. The fork vibrated at a frequency of 360 cycles per second, and the hands were driven mechanically from the end of one of the tines. A prototype was working by 1954, and the watch went into production in 1960. It was sold under the tradename Accutron, with a guaranteed accuracy of one minute per month: this was a considerable improvement on the performance of the mechanical watch. However, the events of the 1920s were to repeat themselves, and by the end of the decade the Accutron was eclipsed by the introduction of quartz-crystal watches.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNeuchâtel Observatory Centenary Prize 1958. Swiss Society for Chronometry Gold Medal 1988.Bibliography"The history of the “Accutron” tuning fork watch", 1969, Swiss Watch \& Jewellery Journal 94:413–5.Further ReadingR.Good, 1960, "The Accutron", Horological Journal 103:346–53 (for a detailed technical description).J.D.Weaver, 1982, Electrical \& Electronic Clocks \& Watches, London (provides a technical description of the tuning-fork watch in its historical context).DV -
89 Riefler, Sigmund
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. 9 August 1847 Maria Rain, Germanyd. 21 October 1912 Munich, Germany[br]German engineer who invented the precision clock that bears his name.[br]Riefler's father was a scientific-instrument maker and clockmaker who in 1841 had founded the firm of Clemens Riefler to make mathematical instruments. After graduating in engineering from the University of Munich Sigmund worked as a surveyor, but when his father died in 1876 he and his brothers ran the family firm. Sigmund was responsible for technical development and in this capacity he designed a new system of drawing-instruments which established the reputation of the firm. He also worked to improve the performance of the precision clock, and in 1889 he was granted a patent for a new form of escapement. This escapement succeeded in reducing the interference of the clock mechanism with the free swinging of the pendulum by impulsing the pendulum through its suspension strip. It proved to be the greatest advance in precision timekeeping since the introduction of the dead-beat escapement about two hundred years earlier. When the firm of Clemens Riefler began to produce clocks with this escapement in 1890, they replaced clocks with Graham's dead-beat escapement as the standard regulator for use in observatories and other applications where the highest precision was required. In 1901 a movement was fitted with electrical rewind and was encapsulated in an airtight case, at low pressure, so that the timekeeping was not affected by changes in barometric pressure. This became the standard practice for precision clocks. Although the accuracy of the Riefler clock was later surpassed by the Shortt free-pendulum clock and the quartz clock, it remained in production until 1965, by which time over six hundred instruments had been made.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute John Scott Medal 1894. Honorary doctorate, University of Munich 1897. Vereins zur Förderung des Gewerbefleisses in Preussen Gold Medal 1900.Bibliography1907, Präzisionspendeluhren und Zeitdienstanlagen fürSternwarten, Munich (for a complete bibliography see D.Riefler below).Further ReadingD.Riefler, 1981, Riefler-Präzisionspendeluhren, Munich (the definitive work on Riefler and his clock).A.L.Rawlings, 1948, The Science of Clocks and Watches, 2nd edn; repub. 1974 (a technical assessment of the Riefler escapement in its historical context).See also: Marrison, Warren AlvinDV -
90 Shortt, William Hamilton
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. 28 September 1881d. 4 February 1971[br]British railway engineer and amateur horologist who designed the first successful free-pendulum clock.[br]Shortt entered the Engineering Department of the London and South Western Railway as an engineering cadet in 1902, remaining with the company and its successors until he retired in 1946. He became interested in precision horology in 1908, when he designed an instrument for recording the speed of trains; this led to a long and fruitful collaboration with Frank HopeJones, the proprietor of the Synchronome Company. This association culminated in the installation of a free-pendulum clock, with an accuracy of the order of one second per year, at Edinburgh Observatory in 1921. The clock's performance was far better than that of existing clocks, such as the Riefler, and a slightly modified version was produced commercially by the Synchronome Company. These clocks provided the time standard at Greenwich and many other observatories and scientific institutions across the world until they were supplanted by the quartz clock.The period of a pendulum is constant if it swings freely with a constant amplitude in a vacuum. However, this ideal state cannot be achieved in a clock because the pendulum must be impulsed to maintain its amplitude and the swings have to be counted to indicate time. The free-pendulum clock is an attempt to approach this ideal as closely as possible. In 1898 R.J. Rudd used a slave clock, synchronized with a free pendulum, to time the impulses delivered to the free pendulum. This clock was not successful, but it provided the inspiration for Shortt's clock, which operates on the same principle. The Shortt clock used a standard Synchronome electric clock as the slave, and its pendulum was kept in step with the free pendulum by means of the "hit and miss" synchronizer that Shortt had patented in 1921. This allowed the pendulum to swing freely (in a vacuum), apart from the fraction of a second in which it received an impulse each half-minute.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMaster of the Clockmakers' Company 1950. British Horological Society Gold Medal 1931. Clockmakers' Company Tompion Medal 1954. Franklin Institute John Price Wetherill Silver Medal.Bibliography1929, "Some experimental mechanisms, mechanical and otherwise, for the maintenance of vibration of a pendulum", Horological Journal 71:224–5.Further ReadingObituary, 1971, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 56:396–7.F.Hope-Jones, 1949, Electrical Timekeeping, 2nd edn, London (a detailed but not entirely impartial account of the development of the free-pendulum clock).See also: Marrison, Warren AlvinDVBiographical history of technology > Shortt, William Hamilton
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91 точность показаний
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > точность показаний
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92 погрешность
погрешность сущroughnessазимутальная погрешностьazimuth errorдопуск на погрешностьmargin of errorинструментальная погрешностьinstrument errorкурсовая погрешностьcourse roughnessпогрешность бортового оборудованияairborne equipment errorпогрешность выдерживания высоты полетаheight-keeping errorпогрешность высотомераaltimeter errorпогрешность залегания средней линии глиссадыmean glide path errorпогрешность залегания средней линии курсаmean course errorпогрешность из-за люфтовbacklash errorпогрешность отсчета по углу местаelevation errorпогрешность при согласованииslaving errorпогрешность сигнала наведенияguidance signal errorпогрешность считыванияreading errorприборная погрешность отклоненияindicated displacement errorсистематическая погрешностьsystematic errorсреднеквадратичная погрешностьmean-square errorсуммарная погрешность1. gross error2. overall accuracy угловая погрешностьangular errorугловая погрешность глиссадыglide path angular errorустранять погрешностьeliminate errorчастичная погрешностьcomponent error -
93 считывание
дистанционное считывание показанийremote readingзапаздывать при считывании показанийlag in readingsнавигационная система со считыванием показаний пилотомpilot-interpreted navigation systemнеправильное считываниеmisreadingобратное считываниеreadbackобратное считывание показанийreversed readingпогрешность считыванияreading errorсчитывание курсаcourse readoutсчитывание показаний1. reading2. readout считывание показаний без учета поправокuncorrected readingсчитывание показаний приборов в полетеflight instrument readingточность считывания показанийreading accuracyустройство для считывания информацииdata reader
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