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1 нарушение условий конкуренции
нарушение условий конкуренции
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
distortion of competition
Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > нарушение условий конкуренции
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2 ограничение конкуренции
ограничение конкуренции
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
restriction on competition
Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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FR
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ограничение конкуренции
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3 currency
currency [ˈkʌrənsɪ]a. monnaie f, devise fb. ( = acceptance) to gain currency se répandre* * *['kʌrənsɪ]1) Finance monnaie f, devise fcurrency market — marché m monétaire
to gain currency — [term] devenir courant; [idea, opinion] se répandre
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4 consumer
consommateur(trice) m, fconsumer acceptance réceptivité f des consommateurs;consumer adviser conseiller(ère) m, f de clientèle;Consumers' Assocation = association britannique de consommateurs;consumer audit audit m consommateur;consumer behaviour comportement m du consommateur;consumer behaviour study étude f du comportement du consommateur;consumer benefit bénéfice m consommateur;consumer brand marque f grand public;consumer confidence niveau m de confiance des consommateurs;consumer credit crédit m à la consommation;consumer debt endettement m des consommateurs;consumer demand demande f des consommateurs;consumer durables biens m pl de consommation (durables);consumer expenditure dépenses f pl de consommation;consumer goods biens de (grande) consommation;consumer group groupe m de consommateurs;consumer industry industrie f de consommation;consumer journalism = journalisme dans le cadre de la défense des consommateurs;consumer loan prêt m à la consommation, prêt personnel;consumer loyalty fidélité f du consommateur;consumer magazine magazine m pour les consommateurs;consumer market marché m de la consommation;consumer motivation motivation f de consommateur;consumer organization organisme m de défense des consommateurs;consumer panel groupe-témoin m, panel m de consommateurs;consumer preference préférence f du consommateur;American consumer price index indice m des prix à la consommation;consumer product bien m de consommation;consumer profile profil m du consommateur;consumer protection défense f des consommateurs;consumer protection agency bureau m d'acceuil des consommateurs;consumer purchasing power richesse f vive;consumer research recherche f sur les besoins des consommateurs;consumer resistance résistance f ou réticence f des consommateurs;consumer satisfaction satisfaction f du consommateur;consumer society société f de consommation;consumer sovereignty souveraineté f du consommateur;consumer spending dépenses de consommation ou des ménages;consumer survey enquête f auprès des consommateurs;consumer test test m auprès des consommateurs;consumer test group groupe test des consommateurs;consumer testing tests m pl auprès des consommateurs;consumer trends tendances f pl de la consommationThat is a bit extreme, but making assumptions about people can be counter-productive and lead to a puzzling, if not insulting, experience. It is a case of traditional brand-value building competing with the current digital-channels marketing mantra of tailoring the retail offering to an audience of one. The Internet has given retailers more direct access to consumer behaviour and is capable of producing staggering amounts of "clickstream" and other data for analysis.
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5 wholesale
B adj1 Comm [price, company, trade, market] de gros ;2 ( large-scale) [destruction, alteration] total, massif/-ive ; [acceptance, rejection, adoption] en bloc ; [commitment] total ; [attack] sur tous les fronts.C adv2 fig [accept, reject, copy] en bloc.
См. также в других словарях:
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