abundanter

* * *

ăb-undo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n.

Lit., of a wave, to flow over and down, to overflow (while redundo signifies to flow over a thing with great abundance of water, to inundate): apud abundantem antiquam amnem, Att. ap. Non. 192, 4 (Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.):

flumina abundare ut facerent,

Lucr. 6, 267; cf. id. 1, 282; Verg. G. 3, 484; and in the beautiful figure in Plaut.: ripis superat mi atque abundat pectus laetitiā, for joy, my heart swells above its banks and overflows, Stich. 2, 1, 6:

ita abundavit Tiberis, ut, etc.,

Liv. 30, 38, 10; cf.:

quando aqua Albana abundāsset,

id. 5, 15, 11: so,

fons in omnem partem,

Plin. 18, 22, 51, § 188.

Transf.

Poet., of plants, to shoot up with great luxuriance:

de terris abundant herbarum genera ac fruges,

Lucr. 5, 920 (in Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 3, the better read. is obundantes, Enn. p. 65 Vahl.).

In gen., to abound, to be redundant:

sive deest naturae quippiam, sive abundat atque affluit,

Cic. Div. 1, 29, 61:

abundabant et praemia et operae vitae,

Plin. H. N. 14, prooem. § 4.—Once with dat.:

tenuioribus magis sanguis, plenioribus magis caro abundat,

Cels. 2, 10.

To overflow with any thing, to have an abundance or superabundance of, to abound in (the most usual signif.); constr. with abl., and once poet. with gen. (cf. Rudd. II. p. 189 n.).

With abl.:

divitiis,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 17:

villa abundat porco, haedo, agno, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

praeceptis philosophiae,

id. Off. 1, 1:

ingenio, otio,

id. de Or. 1, 6, 22:

mulier abundat audaciā,

id. Clu. 84: cujus oratio omnibus [p. 14] ornamentis abundavit, id. Balb. 7:

equitatu,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14:

magna copiā frumenti,

id. ib. 8, 40:

aquā, Auct. B. Alex. 1: et aequalium familiaritatibus et consuetudine propinquorum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58:

clientibus,

Quint. 5, 10, 26.— Poet.: amore abundas, you are too fortunate in love (successu prospero affluis, Don.), Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 11; cf. Lucil.: ille abundans cum septem incolumis pinnis redit, ap. Don. Ter. l. c.—

With gen.: quarum et abundemus rerum et quarum indigeamus, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 498, 7.—Esp., to abound in wealth, to be rich (cf. abundantia, II.):

et absentes adsunt et egentes abundant,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

Caietam, si quando abundare coepero, ornabo,

id. Att. 1, 4, 3.—Hence, ăbun-dans, antis, P. a., overflowing.

Lit., of rivers, fluids, etc.:

fluvius abundantior aestate,

i. e. fuller, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227:

abundantissimus amnis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

menses (mulierum),

Plin. 22, 25, 71, § 147. —

Transf.

Existing in abundance, copious, abundant:

non adesā jam, sed abundanti etiam pecuniā sic dissolutus,

Cic. Quint. 12, 40.—

Containing abundance, abounding, rich, full; constr. with abl., gen., or absol.

With abl.:

vir abundans bellicis laudibus, Cn. Pompeius,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 78:

abundantior consilio, ingenio, sapientiā,

id. Pis. 26, 62:

rerum copiā et sententiarum varietate abundantissimus,

id. de Or. 2, 14, 58.—

With gen.:

(via) copiosa omniumque rerum abundans,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5:

lactis,

Verg. E. 2, 20:

corporis, Claud. ap. Eutrop. 2, 380: pietatis,

id. IV. Cons. Hon. 113.—

Absol.:

non erat abundans, non inops tamen oratio,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

abundantior atque ultra quam oportet fusa materia,

Quint. 2, 4, 7:

abundantissima cena,

Suet. Ner. 42; cf. id. Calig. 17.—Also in a bad sense, of discourse, pleonastic, superabundant, Quint. 12, 10, 18; 8, 3, 56.— Hence, adv.:

ex abundanti,

superabundantly, Quint. 4, 5, 15; 5, 6, 2; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 46 al.—

Esp., abounding in wealth, rich (syn. dives, opp. egens):

(supellex) non illa quidem luxuriosi hominis, sed tamen abundantis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

haec utrum abundantis an egentis signa sunt?

id. Par. 6, 1, § 43.—Hence, adv.: ăbundanter, abundantly, copiously:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 2, 35:

ferre fructum,

Plin. 24, 9, 42.— Comp., Cic. Trop. 10.— Sup., Suet. Aug. 74.

affătim (also adf-), adv. [Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 123, cites fatim = abundanter; cf.: fatiscor, defatiscor, fatigo; Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 158, refers fatim to the same root as chatis, chêros].

To satisfaction, sufficiently, abundantly, enough (so that one desires no more, therefore subjective; while satis signifies sufficient, so that one needs nothing more, therefore objective, Doed. Syn. I. p. 108 sq.): adfatim edi, bibi, lusi, Liv. Andron. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll., after Hom. Od. 15, 372 (Com. Rel. p. 4 Rib.):

edas de alieno quantum velis, usque adfatim,

till you have enough, Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 31: miseria una uni quidem homini est adfatim, id. Trin. 5, 2, 61 (where adfatim, as sometimes also satis, abunde, frustra, is constr. as an adj.):

eisdem seminibus homines adfatim vescuntur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51:

adfatim satiata (aquila),

id. Tusc. 2, 10, 24:

adfatim satisfacere alicui,

id. Att. 2, 16:

parare commeatum adfatim,

Sall. J. 43:

de cytiso adfatim diximus,

Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 148.—Acc. to Fest. p. 11, Terence uses it (in a passage not now extant) for ad lassitudinem, to weariness, satiety, which may be derived from the etym. above given.—Sometimes, like abunde and satis, as subst. with gen.; v. Roby, §§

1294, 1296, and Rudd. II. p. 317: divitiarum adfatim est,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 33:

hominum,

id. Men. 3, 1, 10:

copiarum,

Liv. 34, 37:

vini,

Just. 1, 8.—

In later Lat. before an adj. (cf. abunde), sufficiently, enough:

adfatim onustus,

App. M. 9, p. 221, 31 Elm.:

feminae adfatim multae,

Amm. 14, 6.

Annianus, in Gell. 7, 7, 1, accented the word a/dfatim, while at an earlier period it was pronounced adfa/tim, since it was considered as two words; cf. Doed. Syn. I. p. 110.

affătim (also adf-), adv. [Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 123, cites fatim = abundanter; cf.: fatiscor, defatiscor, fatigo; Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 158, refers fatim to the same root as chatis, chêros].

To satisfaction, sufficiently, abundantly, enough (so that one desires no more, therefore subjective; while satis signifies sufficient, so that one needs nothing more, therefore objective, Doed. Syn. I. p. 108 sq.): adfatim edi, bibi, lusi, Liv. Andron. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll., after Hom. Od. 15, 372 (Com. Rel. p. 4 Rib.):

edas de alieno quantum velis, usque adfatim,

till you have enough, Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 31: miseria una uni quidem homini est adfatim, id. Trin. 5, 2, 61 (where adfatim, as sometimes also satis, abunde, frustra, is constr. as an adj.):

eisdem seminibus homines adfatim vescuntur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51:

adfatim satiata (aquila),

id. Tusc. 2, 10, 24:

adfatim satisfacere alicui,

id. Att. 2, 16:

parare commeatum adfatim,

Sall. J. 43:

de cytiso adfatim diximus,

Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 148.—Acc. to Fest. p. 11, Terence uses it (in a passage not now extant) for ad lassitudinem, to weariness, satiety, which may be derived from the etym. above given.—Sometimes, like abunde and satis, as subst. with gen.; v. Roby, §§

1294, 1296, and Rudd. II. p. 317: divitiarum adfatim est,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 33:

hominum,

id. Men. 3, 1, 10:

copiarum,

Liv. 34, 37:

vini,

Just. 1, 8.—

In later Lat. before an adj. (cf. abunde), sufficiently, enough:

adfatim onustus,

App. M. 9, p. 221, 31 Elm.:

feminae adfatim multae,

Amm. 14, 6.

Annianus, in Gell. 7, 7, 1, accented the word a/dfatim, while at an earlier period it was pronounced adfa/tim, since it was considered as two words; cf. Doed. Syn. I. p. 110.

cōpĭōsus, a, um, adj. [1. copia].

Furnished abundantly with a thing, well supplied, having abundance, rich, copious, plentiful, abounding (in wealth, means of living, etc.) (very freq. and class., esp. in prose).

In gen.; constr. with abl., ab, or absol.; rarely with gen.

With simple abl. or ab and abl.:

tu agris, tu aedificiis, tu argento, tu familiā, tu rebus omnibus ornatus et copiosus sis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

Arion grandi pecuniā et re bonā multā coplosus,

Gell. 16, 19, 7:

oppidum re cibariā,

id. 7, 1, 8:

Bruttedius artibus honestis,

Tac. A. 3, 66:

locus a frumento,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2.—

Absol. (so most freq.):

copiosa plane et locuples (mulier),

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 55:

urbs,

id. Arch. 3, 4:

via copiosa omniumque rerum abundans,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; cf.

stativa,

Liv. 9, 44, 9:

patrimonium,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; id. Rab. Post. 14, 38 al.:

ingenium facile et copiosum,

fertile in expedients, rich, Quint. 10, 1, 128:

ratio loquendi,

id. 2, 1, 4.— Comp.: provincia, Auct. B. Alex. 43. — Sup.:

copiosissimum oppidum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23: copiosissimus ac sollertissimus hostis, * Suet. Caes. 35:

cucumeres,

Plin. 19, 5, 23, § 65.—

With gen.:

ager silvestrium caprarum,

Sol. 11, 11; cf. 1. copis. —

With ad: quamquam erat provincia minime copiosa ad alendos exercitus, Auct. B. Alex. 42.—

In partic., of an orator, or of discourse, rich in language, copious in expression, eloquent:

homo copiosus ad dicendum,

Cic. Caecin. 23, 64:

lingua (opp. inops),

id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:

densior ille, hic copiosior in eloquendo,

Quint. 1, 1, 106:

oratores,

id. 12, 5, 5:

vir,

Liv. 45, 25, 3:

multa et varia et copiosa oratio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 214:

loquacitas,

Quint. 8, 2, 17;

opp. jejunum,

id. 8, 3, 49.—

Existing in rich abundance, copious (very rare):

liquor putei,

Phaedr. 4, 9, 7:

varietas rerum abundat,

id. 5, 6, 2:

supellex verborum,

Quint. 8, prooem. § 28.—Hence, cōpĭōsē, adv. (very freq.), in great abundance, copiously, abundantly, plentifully, copiously provided.

In gen.:

sic copiose in provinciam profectus erat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 91:

large et copiose comparare pastum,

id. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

accepti tribus tricliniis,

id. Att. 13, 52, 2:

senatorum urna copiose absolvit,

by a large majority, id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 6:

ornatus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62.—

Esp., of discourse, copiously, fully, at length:

copiose ab eo agri cultura laudatur,

Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

copiose et abundanter loqui,

id. de Or. 2, 35, 151:

defendere causas reorum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191:

dicere,

id. N. D. 1, 21, 58; Quint. 1, 4, 5.— Comp.:

dicere,

Cic. Or. 4, 14:

haec omnia exsequi,

Quint. 9, 3, 89.— Sup.:

dicere,

Cic. Clu. 10, 29; id. de Or. 1, 62, 263; id. Off. 1, 1, 4:

laudare,

id. de Or. 2, 10, 39:

defensum esse,

id. Quint. 28, 87:

locus tractatur,

Quint. 2, 4, 24.

di-stinguo, nxi, nctum, 3, v. a. [root in Sanscr. tegami, to be sharp; Gr. stizô, stigma; Lat. stimulus stilus, in-stigare, etc.]. —Prop., to separate by points; hence, in gen.,

To separate, divide, part.

Lit. (very rare, and almost exclusively poet.):

onus inclusum numero eodem,

Ov. M. 1, 47:

crinem docta manu,

i. e. to arrange, Sen. Troad. 884; cf.

meton.: caput acu,

Claud. Nupt. Hon. 284.—Of countries:

qui locus Bithyniam et Galatis,

Amm. 25, 10.—Far more freq. and class. (not in Caes.),

Trop., to distinguish, discriminate, = discernere.

In gen.:

ea (crimina) distinguere ac separare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 41; cf.

with dividere,

id. Pis. 28, 69:

servos numero,

id. Caecin. 20; so,

cadentes guttas intervallis,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

oratorum genera aetatibus,

id. Brut. 19:

status familiarum agnationibus,

id. Leg. 1, 7 fin.:

qua via ambigua distinguantur, ostendit,

id. Fin. 1, 7; id. Brut. 41, 152; id. Or. 4, 16; cf.

secernenda,

id. Top. 7, 31:

genera causarum,

Quint. 4, 2, 68 et saep.:

fortes ignavosque,

Tac. H. 3, 27:

veri similia ab incredibilibus dijudicare et distinguere,

Cic. Part. 40; cf.:

vera somnia a falsis,

id. Div. 2, 61:

Vargulam a Crasso,

id. de Or. 2, 60, 244:

artificem ab inscio,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 22:

voluntatem a facto,

Liv. 45, 24:

thesin a causa,

Quint. 3, 5, 11 et saep.:

vero falsum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 29:

simiarum genera caudis inter se,

Plin. 8, 54, 80.— Pass. impers.:

quid inter naturam et rationem intersit, non distinguitur,

Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 26; cf.: malus arborem significet an hominem non bonum, apice distinguitur, Quint. 1, 7, 2:

nuntiatum Claudio perisse Messalinam, non distincto sua an aliena manu,

Tac. A. 11, 38.—

In partic.

In rhet. and gram., to mark the pauses in discourse, to punctuate:

puer ut sciat, quo loco versum distinguere debeat,

Quint. 1, 8, 1; cf.:

eam (orationem) distinguent atque concident,

id. 11, 2, 27; and:

incidit has (sc. voces) et distinxit in partes,

Cic. Rep. 3, 2 Mos.:

distinctio est silentii nota, etc.,

Diom. p. 432 P.—

To end, terminate:

contationem,

App. M. 2, p. 127 fin.

To set off, decorate, adorn (most freq. in the P. a.).

Lit.:

racemos purpureo colore,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 11; so,

poma vario colore,

Ov. Nux, 31:

aurum gemmarum nitor,

Sen. Med. 573; cf. Plin. 37, 10, 62, § 171.—

Trop.:

orationem variare et distinguere quasi quibusdam verborum sententiarumque insignibus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 9, 36;

so of discourse,

id. Inv. 2, 15, 49 (with illustrare); id. de Or. 2, 13; Liv. 9, 17:

voluptatem (with variare),

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 38; cf.:

coenam comoedis,

Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9.—Hence, distinctus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to I.) Separated, separate, distinct:

urbs delubris distincta spatiisque communibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26: Romana acies distinctior, ex pluribus partibus constans, Liv. 9, 19:

Hesiodus circa CXX. annos distinctus ab Homeri aetate,

Vell. 1, 7:

concentus ex distinctis sonis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 6, 18:

distinctos dignitatis gradus non habebat (civitas),

id. ib. 1, 27 fin. —

Of discourse, properly divided:

oratio,

Quint. 11, 3, 35. —

(Acc. to II.) Decorated, adorned:

pocula gemmis distincta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:

distinctum et ornatum caelum astris,

id. N. D. 2, 37 fin.:

lyra gemmis et dentibus Indis,

Ov. M. 11, 167:

herbae innumeris floribus,

id. ib. 5, 266:

retia maculis,

id. H. 5, 19.—

Trop.:

oratio et ornata et artificio quodam et expolitione distincta,

id. de Or. 1, 12;

so of discourse,

Quint. 5, 14, 33; and transf., of the speaker himself: utroque genere creber et distinctus Cato, Cic. Brut. 17 fin.; cf. in comp., Tac. Or. 18.— Adv.: distincte.

(Acc. to I.) Distinctly, clearly:

articulatim distincteque dicere,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Or. 28 fin.:

scribere,

id. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

designare,

Plin. Pan. 88, 6.—In the comp.:

enuntiare,

id. Ep. 7, 13.— Sup.:

distinctissime persuadere,

Cassiod. Complex ad Ephes. 3.—

(Acc. to II.) Elegantly, handsomely:

qui distincte, qui explicate, qui abundanter, qui illuminate et rebus et verbis dicunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53; cf. id. Off. 1, 1, 2:

distinctius,

Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 1.

ex-plĭco, āvi and ŭi (the latter first in Verg. G. 2, 280; afterwards freq.; Hor. C. 3, 29, 16; 4, 9, 44; id. S. 2, 2, 125; Liv. 7, 23, 6 et saep.; cf. Gell. 1, 7, 20), ātum or ĭtum (Cic. uses mostly atum, Caes. atum and itum; cf.

explicaturos,

Caes. B. C. 1, 78, 4;

with explicitis,

id. ib. 3, 75, 2;

and, explicitius,

id. ib. 1, 78, 2; upon these forms v. Neue, Formenl. 2, pp. 479 sq., 550 sq.), 1, v. a., to unfold, uncoil, unroll, unfurl, spread out, loosen, undo (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense; syn.: expedio, extrico, enodo, enucleo; explano, expono, interpretor).

Lit.:

velum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 7:

non explicata veste neque proposito argento, etc.,

spread out, Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 161:

volumen,

to open, id. Rosc. Am. 35, 101:

suas pennas (ales),

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 55:

plenas plagas,

Mart. 1, 56, 8:

perturbatum et confusum agmen,

to put in order, Hirt. B. G. 8, 14, 2:

capillum pectine,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.:

fusos,

to unwind, Mart. 4, 54, 10:

frontem sollicitam,

to free from wrinkles, to smooth, Hor. C. 3, 29, 16;

for which: explicare seria contractae frontis,

id. S. 2, 2, 125; cf.

mare,

i. e. to calm, Sen. Herc. Oet. 455:

si ex his te laqueis exueris ac te aliqua via ac ratione explicaris,

hast extricated, freed thyself, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 58, § 151:

se (ex funibus ancorarum),

Dig. 9, 2, 29:

inimicae et oves, difficile se (apibus) e lanis earum explicantibus,

Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 62:

se explicat angustum,

Juv. 12, 55.—

Transf., to spread out, stretch out, extend, deploy, display:

aciem,

Liv. 7, 23, 6; 40, 4, 4; 40, 5, 26 al.; cf.

ordinem,

id. 2, 46, 3:

agmen,

id. 10, 20, 3:

cohortes (longa legio),

Verg. G. 2, 280:

se turmatim (equites),

Caes. B. C. 3, 93, 3; cf.

mid.: priusquam plane legiones explicari et consistere possent,

id. ib. 2, 26, 4; and:

ut ordo omnium navium explicari posset,

Liv. 37, 23, 10:

per obstantis catervas Explicuit sua victor arma,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 44:

atria, congestos satis explicatura clientes,

Stat. Th. 1, 146:

ut forum laxaremus et usque ad atrium Libertatis explicaremus,

extend, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14; cf.:

unde pons in oppidum pertinens explicatur,

Sall. H. 3, 20:

orbes (serpens),

Ov. M. 15, 720:

frondes omnes (pampinus),

Verg. G. 2, 335:

se (montes),

Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 118:

arida ligna in flammas (ignis),

Lucr. 2, 882:

convivium,

i. e. to set out richly, to furnish, Mart. 1, 100, 13:

explicavi meam rem post illa lucro,

i. e. amplified, enlarged, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 5.

Trop.

In gen. (very seldom):

explica atque excute intelligentiam tuam, ut videas quae sit, etc.,

display, Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81: Siciliam multis undique cinctam periculis explicavit, has set at large, set free (qs. released from toils, snares), id. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 30; cf.:

quemadmodum se explicent dicendo,

id. Fl. 4, 10: da operam, ut te explices, huc quam primum venias, Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, D. 2.—

In partic.

To disentangle, set in order, arrange, regulate, settle, adjust any thing complicated or difficult:

pulcre ego hanc explicatam tibi rem dabo,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 20:

peto a te, ut ejus negotia explices et expedias,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2:

negotia,

id. Att. 5, 12, 3; cf. id. ib. 16, 3, 5:

belli rationem,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35; cf.:

rationem salutis,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 2:

rem frumentariam,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 4 fin.: si Faberius nobis nomen illud explicat, noli quaerere, quanti, settles, i. e. pays that item, Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2:

Faberianum,

id. ib. § 3; cf.:

si qui debitores, quia non possint explicare pecuniam, differant solutionem,

Dig. 42, 1, 31:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 1, 78, 4; cf.:

his explicitis rebus,

id. ib. 3, 75, 2: subvenire tempestati quavis ratione sapientis est;

eoque magis, si plus adipiscare re explicatā boni, quam addubitatā mali,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

ea, quae per defunctum inchoata sunt, per heredem explicari debent,

Dig. 27, 7, 1:

transii ad elegos: hos quoque feliciter explicui,

Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 7 (cf. under

,

Plin. Ep. 8, 1, 1:

fugam,

Phaedr. 4, 7, 15:

nihilo plus explicet ac si Insanire paret, etc.,

will make no more out of it, Hor. S. 2, 3, 270.—

Of speech, to develop, unfold, set forth, exhibit, treat, state: vitam alterius totam explicare, Civ. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27:

perfice, ut Crassus haec, quae coartavit et peranguste refersit in oratione sua, dilatet nobis atque explicet,

id. de Or. 1, 35, 163:

explicando excutiendoque verbo,

id. Part. Or. 36, 124:

aliquid expedite,

id. Brut. 67, 237:

aliquid apertissime planissimeque,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:

aliquid definitione,

id. Fin. 3, 10, 33:

funera fando,

Verg. A. 2, 362:

philosophiam,

Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; cf.:

philosophiam diligentissime Graecis litteris,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 4:

summorum oratorum Graecas orationes,

id. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

geometricum quiddam aut physicum aut dialecticum (corresp. to expedire),

id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

non de aegritudine solum, sed de omni animi perturbatione explicabo,

id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

de scorpionibus et catapultis,

Vitr. 10, 22:

ut explicemus, quae sint materiae, etc.,

Quint. 10, 5, 1.— Pass. impers.:

quae vero auxilia sunt capitis, eo loco explicitum est,

Cels. 4, 2.—Hence,

explĭcātus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., spread out:

Capua planissimo in loco explicata,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:

vallis,

Pall. Aug. 11, 2.—

Trop.

Well ordered, regular:

in causa facili atque explicata,

Cic. Planc. 2, 5.—

Plain, clear:

nisi explicata solutione non sum discessurus,

Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4.— Comp.:

litterae tuae, quibus nihil potest esse explicatius, nihil perfectius,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 2.— Sup.:

explicatissima responsa,

Aug. Ep. 34 fin. —

Assured, certain:

nec habet explicatam aut exploratam rationem salutis suae,

Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 2.—

* Adv.: explĭ-cāte, plainly, clearly:

qui distincte, qui explicate, qui abundanter et rebus et verbis dicunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53.— Comp.:

explicatius,

August. Civ. D. 19, 4.—

explĭ-cĭtus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 1.), lit., disentangled, i. e. free from obstacles, easy:

in his erat angustiis res: sed ex propositis consiliis duobus explicitius videbatur, Ilerdam reverti,

Caes. B. C. 1, 78, 2.

► explĭcit, in late Lat., at the end of a book, is prob. an abbreviation of explicitus (est liber), the book is ended (acc. to signif. II. B. 1.); cf.:

explicitum nobis usque ad sua cornua librum refers,

Mart. 11, 107, 1: solemus completis opusculis ad distinctionem rei alterius sequentis medium interponere Explicit aut Feliciter aut aliquid istius modi, Hier. Ep. 28, 4.

prĕmo, essi, essum, 3, v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. prelum], to press (class.).

Lit.:

pede pedem alicui premere,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 30:

et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

Verg. A. 7, 518:

veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit humi nitens,

id. ib. 2, 379:

novercae Monstra manu premens,

id. ib. 8, 288:

pressit et inductis membra paterna rotis,

i. e. drove her chariot over her father's body, Ov. Ib. 366:

trabes Hymettiae Premunt columnas,

press, rest heavily upon them, Hor. C. 2, 18, 3:

premere terga genu alicujus,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 24:

ubera plena,

i. e. to milk, id. F. 4, 769:

vestigia alicujus,

to tread in, to follow one's footsteps, Tac. A. 2, 14:

nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem,

Juv. 1, 43:

dente frena,

to bite, to champ, Ov. M. 10, 704:

ore aliquid,

to chew, eat, id. ib. 5, 538; cf.:

aliquid morsu,

Lucr. 3, 663:

presso molari,

with compressed teeth, Juv. 5, 160:

pressum lac,

i. e. cheese, Verg. E. 1, 82.—In mal. part.:

Hister Peucen premerat Antro,

forced, Val. Fl. 8, 256:

uxorem,

Suet. Calig. 25.—Of animals:

feminas premunt galli,

Mart. 3, 57, 17.—

Transf.

Poet., to bear down upon, to touch:

premere litora,

Ov. M. 14, 416:

litus,

to keep close to the shore, Hor. C. 2, 10, 3:

aëra,

i. e. to fly, Luc. 7, 835.—

Poet., to hold fast, hold, firmly grasp:

premere frena manu,

Ov. M. 8, 37:

ferrum,

to grasp, Sil. 5, 670:

capulum,

id. 2, 615.—

Poet., to press a place with one's body, i. e. to sit, stand, lie, fall, or seat one's self on any thing:

toros,

Ov. H. 12, 30:

sedilia,

id. M. 5, 317:

hoc quod premis habeto,

id. ib. 5, 135:

et pictam positā pharetram cervice premebat,

id. ib. 2, 421:

humum,

to lie on the ground, id. Am. 3, 5, 16; cf. id. F. 4, 844:

frondes tuo premis ore caducas,

id. M. 9, 650; Sen. Hippol. 510.—

To cover, to conceal by covering (mostly poet.):

aliquid terrā,

to conceal, bury in the earth, Hor. Epod. 1, 33:

nonumque prematur in annum,

kept back, suppressed, id. A. P. 388:

omne lucrum tenebris alta premebat humus,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 36:

ossa male pressa,

i. e. buried, id. Tr. 5, 3, 39; Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191; hence, to crown, to cover or adorn with any thing:

ut premerer sacrā lauro,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 18:

molli Fronde crinem,

Verg. A. 4, 147:

canitiem galeā,

id. ib. 9, 612:

mitrā capillos,

Ov. F. 4, 517; cf. Verg. A. 5, 556.—

To make, form, or shape any thing by pressing ( poet.):

quod surgente die mulsere horisque diurnis, Nocte premunt,

they make into cheese, Verg. G. 3, 400:

os fingit premendo,

id. A. 6, 80:

caseos,

id. E. 1, 35:

mollem terram,

Vulg. Sap. 15, 7; Calp. Ecl. 5, 34.—

To press hard upon, bear down upon, to crowd, pursue closely:

hostes de loco superiore,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

Pompeiani nostros premere et instare coeperunt,

id. B. C. 3, 46:

hac fugerent Graii, premeret Trojana juventus,

Verg. A. 1, 467:

Pergamenae naves cum adversarios premerent acrius,

Nep. Hann. 11, 5:

hinc Rutulus premit, et murum circumsonat armis,

Verg. A. 8, 473:

obsidione urbem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32.—Of the pursuit or chase of animals:

ad retia cervum,

Verg. G. 3, 413:

spumantis apri cursum clamore,

id. A. 1, 324:

bestias venatione,

Isid. 10, 282.—

To press down, burden, load, freight:

nescia quem premeret,

on whose back she sat, Ov. M. 2, 869:

tergum equi,

id. ib. 8, 34;

14, 343: et natat exuviis Graecia pressa suis,

Prop. 4, 1, 114 (5, 1, 116):

pressae carinae,

Verg. G. 1, 303:

pressus membra mero,

Prop. 2, 12 (3, 7), 42:

magno et gravi onere armorum pressi,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

auro phaleras,

to adorn, Stat. Th. 8, 567.—

To press into, force in, press upon:

(caprum) dentes in vite prementem,

Ov. F. 1, 355:

presso sub vomere,

Verg. G. 2, 356; cf.:

presso aratro,

Tib. 4, 1, 161:

alte ensem in corpore,

Stat. Th. 11, 542:

et nitidas presso pollice finge comas,

Prop. 3, 8 (4, 9), 14:

et cubito remanete presso,

leaning upon, Hor. C. 1, 27, 8. —

To make with any thing ( poet.):

aeternā notā,

Ov. F. 6, 610:

littera articulo pressa tremente,

id. H. 10, 140:

multā via pressa rotā,

id. ib. 18, 134.—

To press down, let down, cause to sink down, to lower:

nec preme, nec summum molire per aethera currum,

Ov. M. 2, 135:

humanaeque memor sortis, quae tollit eosdem, Et premit,

id. Tr. 3, 11, 67:

mundus ut ad Scythiam Rhiphaeasque arduus arces Consurgit, premitur Libyae devexus in Austros,

sinks down, Verg. G. 1, 240; Sen. Herc. Fur. 155. —

In partic.

To set, plant:

virgulta per agros,

Verg. G. 2, 346; 26.—

To make or form by pressing down, to make any thing deep, to dig:

vestigio leviter presso,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53; cf.

(trop.): vestigia non pressa leviter, sed fixa,

id. Sest. 5, 13:

sulcum premere,

to draw a furrow, Verg. A. 10, 296:

fossam transversam, inter montes pressit (al. percussit),

Front. Strat. 1, 5:

fossa pressa,

Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 4:

cavernae in altitudinem pressae,

Curt. 5, 1, 28.—

To strike to the ground, to strike down:

tres famulos,

Verg. A. 9, 329:

paucos,

Tac. H. 4, 2.—

To press closely, compress, press together, close:

oculos,

Verg. A. 9, 487:

alicui fauces,

Ov. M. 12, 509:

laqueo collum,

to strangle, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 37:

angebar ceu guttura forcipe pressus,

Ov. M. 9, 78:

presso gutture,

compressed, Verg. G. 1, 410; cf.:

siquidem unius praecordia pressit ille (boletus) senis,

i. e. stopped his breath, Juv. 6, 621:

quibus illa premetur Per somnum digitis,

choked, id. 14, 221:

amplexu presso,

united, in close embrace, Sen. Oedip. 192:

oscula jungere pressa,

to exchange kisses, Ov. H. 2, 94; so,

pressa basia,

Mart. 6, 34, 1:

presso gradu incedere,

in close ranks, foot to foot, Liv. 28, 14:

pede presso,

id. 8, 8.—

In partic.

To shorten, tighten, draw in:

pressis habenis,

Verg. A. 11, 600 (cf.:

laxas dure habenas,

id. ib. 1, 63).—

To keep short, prune:

Calenā falce vitem,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 9:

luxuriem falce,

Ov. M. 14, 628:

falce premes umbras (i. e. arbores umbrantes),

Verg. G. 1, 157; 4, 131:

molle salictum,

Calp. Ecl. 5, 110.—

To check, arrest, stop:

premere sanguinem,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

vestigia pressit,

Verg. A. 6, 197:

attoniti pressere gradum,

Val. Fl. 2, 424 ' dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore, was silent, Verg. A. 6, 155.—

To press out, bring out by pressure:

tenerā sucos pressere medullā,

Luc. 4, 318; cf.: (equus) collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 95, 68, and id. G. 3, 85 Rib.—

To frequent: feci ut cotidie praesentem me viderent, habitavi in [p. 1441] oculis, pressi forum, Cic. Planc. 27, 66.—

Trop.

To press, press upon, oppress, overwhelm, weigh down; to urge, drive, importune, pursue, to press close or hard, etc. (class.):

ego istum pro suis factis pessumis pessum premam,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 49 Lorenz ad loc.:

quae necessitas eum tanta premebat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:

ea, quae premant, et ea, quae impendeant,

id. Fam. 9, 1, 2:

aerumnae, quae me premunt,

Sall. J. 14, 22:

pressus gravitate soporis,

bound by heavy, deep sleep, Ov. M. 15, 21:

cum aut aere alieno, aut magnitudine tributorum, aut injuriā potentium premuntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

invidia et odio populi premi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

premi periculis,

id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

cum a me premeretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139; cf.:

aliquem verbo,

id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13:

criminibus veris premere aliquem,

Ov. M. 14, 401:

cum a plerisque ad exeundum premeretur, exire noluit,

was pressed, urged, importuned, Nep. Ages. 6, 1:

a Pompeii procuratoribus sescentis premi coeptus est,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3: numina nulla premunt;

mortali urgemur ab hoste,

Verg. A. 10, 375:

premere reum voce, vultu,

Tac. A. 3, 67:

crimen,

to pursue obstinately, Quint. 7, 2, 12:

confessionem,

to force a confession from one, id. 7, 1, 29:

argumentum etiam atque etiam,

to pursue steadily, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

ancipiti mentem formidine pressus,

Verg. A. 3, 47:

maerore pressa,

Sen. Oct. 103:

veritate pressus negare non potuit,

overcome, overpowered, Lact. 4, 13.—

Transf.

To repress, hide, conceal (mostly poet.):

dum nocte premuntur,

Verg. A. 6, 827:

curam sub corde,

id. ib. 4, 332:

odium,

Plin. Pan. 62:

iram,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

pavorem et consternationem mentis vultu,

id. ib. 13, 16:

interius omne secretum,

Sen. Ep. 3, 4:

dolorem silentio,

Val. Max. 3, 3, 1 ext.; cf. silentia, Sil. 12, 646:

aliquid ore,

Verg. A. 7, 103:

jam te premet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 16.—

To lower, diminish, undervalue, disparage, depreciate:

premendorum superiorum arte sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12:

arma Latini,

Verg. A. 11, 402:

opuscula ( = deprimere atque elevare),

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 36:

famam alicujus,

Tac. A. 15, 49:

premere ac despicere,

Quint. 11, 1, 16:

premere tumentia, humilia extollere,

id. ib. 10, 4, 1.—

To surpass, exceed:

facta premant annos,

Ov. M. 7, 449:

ne prisca vetustas Laude pudicitiae saecula nostra premat,

id. P. 3, 1, 116:

quantum Latonia Nymphas Virgo premit,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 115.—

To rule ( poet.):

dicione premere populos,

Verg. A. 7, 737:

imperio,

id. ib. 1, 54:

Mycenas Servitio premet,

id. ib. 1, 285.—

To suppress, pull down, humble, degrade:

quae (vocabula) nunc situs premit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 118:

nec premendo alium me extulisse velim,

Liv. 22, 59, 10; cf. id. 39, 41, 1:

premebat reum crimen,

id. 3, 13, 1.—

To compress, abridge, condense:

haec enim, quae dilatantur a nobis, Zeno sic premebat,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20.—

To check, arrest, repress, restrain:

cursum ingenii tui, Brute, premit haec importuna clades civitatis,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332:

sub imo Corde gemitum,

Verg. A. 10, 464:

vocem,

to be silent, id. ib. 9, 324:

sermones vulgi,

to restrain, Tac. A. 3, 6.—

To store up, lay up in the mind, muse upon:

(vocem) ab ore Eripuit pater ac stupefactus numine pressit,

Verg. A. 7, 119.—Hence, pressus, a, um, P. a.

Moderate, slow, suppressed, kept down.

Lit.:

presso pede eos retro cedentes principes recipiebant,

Liv. 8, 8, 9:

presso gradu,

id. 28, 14, 14; cf.:

pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

Ov. M. 3, 17.—

Trop.

Of the voice or manner, subdued:

haec cum pressis et flebilibus modis, qui totis theatris maestitiam inferant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106.—

Of color, lowered, depressed; hence, dark, gloomy:

color pressus,

Pall. 4, 13, 4:

color viridi pressior,

Plin. 35, 6, 13, § 32:

spadices pressi,

Serv. Verg. G. 3, 82.—

Esp., of an orator or of speech.

Compressed, concise, plain, without ornament (class.):

fiunt pro grandibus tumidi, pressis exiles, fortibus temerarii, etc.,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

cum Attici pressi et integri, contra Asiani inflati et inanes haberentur,

id. 12, 10, 18.—Of style:

pressa et tenuia, et quae minimum ab usu cotidiano recedant,

Quint. 10, 1, 102:

pressus et demissus stilus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 5; Quint. 4, 2, 117.— Comp.: in concionibus pressior, et circumscriptior, et adductior, more moderate, keeping more within bounds, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.—

Close, exact, accurate:

Thucydides ita verbis aptus et pressus, ut,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56: quis te fuit umquam in partiundis rebus pressior? more exact, more accurate, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 364, 24:

sicuti taxare pressius crebriusque est, quam tangere,

Gell. 2, 6, 5:

quod (periculum) observandum pressiore cautelā censeo,

stricter, greater, App. M. 5, p. 160, 36:

cogitationes pressiores,

id. ib. 5, p. 163, 32.—So of sounds, precise, intelligible:

(lingua) vocem profusam fingit atque sonos vocis distinctos et pressos facit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—Hence, adv.: pressē, with pressure, violently (class.): artius pressiusque conflictata, Atei. Capito ap. Gell. 10, 6, 2.—

Closely, tightly.

Lit.:

vites pressius putare,

Pall. 12, 9:

pressius colla radere,

Veg. Vet. 1, 56.—

Trop.

Of pronunciation, shortly, neatly, trimly:

loqui non aspere, non vaste, non rustice, sed presse, et aequabiliter, et leniter,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; id. Off. 1, 37, 133.—

Of the mode of expression, etc., concisely, not diffusely:

definire presse et anguste,

Cic. Or. 33, 117:

abundanter dicere, an presse,

Quint. 8, 3, 40:

pressius et astrictius scripsi,

Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 10.—

Without ornament, simply:

unum (genus oratorum) attenuate presseque, alterum sublate ampleque dicentium,

Cic. Brut. 55, 202:

aliquid describere modo pressius, modo elatius,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 3.—

Closely, exactly, correctly, accurately:

mihi placet agi subtilius, et pressius,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24:

definiunt pressius,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 14:

anquisitius, et exactius pressiusque disserere,

Gell. 1, 3, 21.