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1 lóna
1 noun "pool, mere" VT42:10. Variant of lón, lónë above? 2 noun "island, remote land difficult to reach" LONO AWA. Obsoleted by \#1 above? 3 unused adj., a form Tolkien mentioned as the hypothetical Quenya cognate of Sindarin loen, Telerin logna adj. "soaking wet" VT42:10, but this cognate was not in use because it clashed with \#1 above. At this point, Tolkien may seem to have forgotten lóna \#2. 4 adj. "dark" DO3/DŌ. If this is to be the cognate of "Noldorin"/Sindarin dûr, as the context seems to indicate, lóna is likely a misreading for *lóra in Tolkien's manuscript. -
2 hísë
2 noun "dusk" LT1:255. A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by \#1 above. 3 adj.? "blinking" ? MC:214 A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by \#1 above. -
3 apa
1 prep. "after" VT44:36, attested as a prefix in apacenyë and Apanónar, q.v. Variant ep- in epessë, q.v.; see epë for futher discussion. According to VT44:36, apa was glossed after and also before in one late manuscript, but both meanings were rejected. See also apa \# 2 below. For Neo-Quenya purposes, apa should probably be ascribed the meaning "after", as in our most widely-published sources compare Apanónar, the After-born, as a name of Men in the Silmarillion. Variants pa, pá VT44:36, but like apa these are also ascribed other meanings elsewhere; see separate entry. Apo VT44:36 may be yet another variant of the word for "after". 2 prep. denoting "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall. Apa is said to have this meaning in various Tolkien manuscripts VT44:26, but apa is also used for "after" see apa \#1 above, and the two were probably never meant to coexist in a single variant of Quenya. The clash may be avoided by consistently using the variants pá, pa q.v. mentioned by Tolkien in the sense of apa \#2. Another variant gives apa, pá on above but touching VT49:18. 3 conj. but: melinyes apa la hé I love him but not him another VT49:15 -
4 ëa
1 sometimes "eä" vb. "is" CO, in a more absolute sense "exists", VT39:7/VT49:28-29 than the copula ná. Eä "it is" VT39:6 or "let it be". The verb is also used in connection with prepositional phrases denoting a position, as in the relative sentences i or ilyë mahalmar ëa who is above all thrones CO and i ëa han ëa *who is beyond the universe of Eä VT43:14. Eä is said to the be present & aorist tense VT49:29. The past tense of ëa is engë VT43:38, VT49:29; Tolkien struck out the form ëanë, VT49:30, the historically correct perfect should be éyë, but the analogical form engië was more common; the future tense is euva VT49:29. See also ëala. Eä is also used as a noun denoting "All Creation", the universe WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote, but this term for the universe "was not held to include souls? and spirits" VT39:20; contrast ilu. One version of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer includes the words i ëa han ëa, taken to mean "who is beyond Eä" VT43:14. Tolkien noted that ëa properly cannot be used of God since ëa refers only to all things created by Eru directly or mediately, hence he deleted the example Eru ëa *God exists VT49:28, 36. However, ëa is indeed used of Eru in CO i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar uëa/u the One who uis/u above all thrones as well as in various Átaremma versions see VT49:36, so such a distinction may belong to the refined language of the loremasters rather than to everyday useage. 3 "eagle" LT1:251, LT2:338, a Qenya word apparently superseded by soron, sornë in Tolkien's later forms of Quenya. -
5 i
1 "the", indeclinable definite article I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221. A variant in q.v. is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" FS, i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" UT:8, i-aldar *"the trees" Narqelion, attached with a dot in i·yulmar *"the cups" VT48:11, I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" LR:199, i·arya *the best PE17:57, directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma the left hand in VT49:22 but i hyarma in other versions of the same text. 2 relative pronoun "the one/they who; that which" both article and relative pronoun in CO: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa: the One who is above all thrones", i hárar "they who are sitting"; cf. also the phrase i hamil mára "that which you deem good" VT42:33. Notice that before a verb, i means "the one who", or, in the case of a plural verb, "those who"; e.g. i carir quettar ómainen "those who form words with voices" WJ:391. According to VT47:21, i as a relative pronoun is the personal plural form corresponding to the personal sg. ye and the impersonal sg. ya. This agrees with the example i carir..., but as is evident from the other examples listed above, Tolkien in certain texts also used i as a singular relative pronoun, both personal Eru i... and impersonal i hamil. In the sense of a plural personal relative pronoun, i is also attested in the genitive ion and ablative illon cases, demonstrating that unlike the indeclinable article i, the relative pronoun i can receive case endings. Both are translated "from whom": ion/ illon camnelyes "from whom you received it" referring to several persons VT47:21. 3 conj. that. Savin Elessar ar ui/u nánë aran Ondórëo I believe that Elessar really existed and uthat/u he was a king of Gondor VT49:27, savin ui/u Elesarno quetië naitë *I believe uthat/u Elessars speaking is true VT49:28Also cf. nai, nái be it that see nai \#1, which may seem to incorporate this conjunction. -
6 ita
adv. 2 very, extremely PE17:112. Like \#1 above, this element emerged as part of Tolkiens efforts to explain the initial element of the name Idril Q Itaril, so it is questionable if \#1 and \#2 were ever meant to coexist in the same version of Quenya. 3 pron that which VT49:12, emended from tai \#1, q.v. The form ita is compounded from the relative pronoun i + the pronoun ta that, it. -
7 na
1 form of the verb "to be", evidently the imperative or subjunctive: Tolkien stated that na airë would mean "be holy" VT43:14, and san na q.v. must mean "thus be" = "let it be so"; see ná \#1 Cf. also the sentence alcar mi tarmenel una/u Erun "glory in high heaven ube/u to God" VT44:32/34. Inserted in front of a verb, na expresses a wish: aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" ibid. 2 prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by \#1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead NĀsup1/sup. Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana VT45:36. -
8 íta
noun "a flash" PM:363 adv. 2 very, extremely PE17:112. Like \#1 above, this element emerged as part of Tolkiens efforts to explain the initial element of the name Idril Q Itaril, so it is questionable if \#1 and \#2 were ever meant to coexist in the same version of Quenya. -
9 Caliondo
masc. name, maybe a longer form of Calion above unless Caliondo contains ondo "rock" UT:210 -
10 nwalya-
vb. "to pain, torment" ÑGWAL; this must represent earlier *ñwalya = *ngwalya; these forms are not given in Etym, but compare nwalmë above. In Tengwar writing, the initial NW would be represented by the letter nwalmë. -
11 arya-
2 vb. to excel PE17:56. Cf. \#1 above. 4 vb. "to possess" VT45:14 -
12 amatixë
"ks" noun dot or point placed above the line of writing TIK. Tolkien rejected the variant amatexë "ks" VT46:20 -
13 Ingwë
masc. name, "chief", name of the "prince of Elves" PM:340, ING, WEG, VT45:18. Pl. Ingwer "Chieftains", what the Vanyar called themselves so in PM:340, but in PM:332 the plural has the more regular form Ingwi. Ingwë Ingweron "chief of the chieftains", proper title of Ingwë as high king PM:340. In the Etymologies, Ingwë is also said to be the name of a symbol used in writing: a short carrier with an i-tehta above it, denoting short i VT45:18. -
14 yelwa
1 adj. "loathsome" DYEL; according to VT45:11, Tolkien changed this word from yelva. 2 adj. "cold" LT1:260 this "Qenya" word is apparently obsoleted by \# 1 above. In LotR-style Quenya, the regular term for cold seems to be ringa. -
15 osto
1 noun "a strong or fortified building or place, strong place, fortress" MR:350, 471; WJ:414; "city, town with wall round" OS, VT46:8 2 noun "the gates of the Sun" LT1:264; this "Qenya" word was probably obsoleted by \# 1 above -
16 tai
1 pron. "that which, what", which fact VT42:34, VT49:12, 20. The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" VT49:12, ta + i cf. ta \#1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun. In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements VT49:12 and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai \#2, see below. 2 pron. they, them, 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things VT49:32, see ta \#3 above. Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai that which, the pronoun tai they, them was altered to te in at least one manuscript VT49:33, so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned see te. 3 adv. then, also tá which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well VT49:33 -
17 úra
1 adj. "evil, nasty" VT43:24, VT48:32 2 adj. "large" UR, probably obsoleted by \#1 above -
18 linquë
"q" 1 adj. "wet" LINKWI. In early "Qenya", this word was glossed "water" LT1:262, and "wet" was linqui or liquin, q.v. 2 noun*"grass, reed" J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 199, note 34 3 noun hyacinth plant, not jewel PE17:62. The wording in the source is not altogether clear; it is said that the word lassë leaf would not e.g. be used of leaf of a hyacinth linque. If linquë is not the term for a hyacinth, it must refer to the kind of leaf a hyacinth has. Compare \#2 above. -
19 axa
"ks" 1 noun "narrow path, ravine" AK "ks" 2 noun "waterfall" LT1:249, 255 - this "Qenya" word may have been obsoleted by \# 1 above -
20 aica
1 "k" adj. "sharp" AYAK or "fell, terrible, dire" PM:347; according to PM:363 seldom applied to evil things. In Aicanáro, q.v. 2 "k" adj. "broad, vast" LT2:338 - this early "Qenya" form is probably obsoleted by \# 1 above
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