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21 ta
1 pron. "that, it" TA; compare antaróuta/u "he gave it" FS; see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna thither, talo/tó thence and tás/tassë there are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: *to that, *from that and *in that place, respectively. Compare there as one gloss of ta see \#4. 2 adv. so, like that, also, e.g. ta mára so good VT49:12 3 pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things such as inanimates not by the Eldar regarded as persons" VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52. Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir uta/u "we forgive uthem/u" VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers. However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean that see \#1 above, he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta they, them, introducing variant forms like tai VT49:32 to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te VT49:33, which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate they, them was abandoned and the form te q.v. could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó-. 4 conj., said to be a reducted form of tá then, used before each new item in a series or list; if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet, this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important. PE17:70 Hence the use of arta ar ta, and ta for et cetera; in older language ta ta or just ta. 5 adv. there VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or element rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta \#1. -
22 wanwavoitë
noun "windy" LT1:266. Compare wanwa above. -
23 auta-
1 vb. "go away, leave" leave the point of the speaker's thought; old "strong" past tense anwë, usually replaced by vánë, perfect avánië but when the meaning is purely physical "went away to another place" rather than "disappear", the past tense oantë, perfect oantië was used. Past participle vanwa "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past and over" WJ:366 2 vb. "invent, originate, devise" GAWA/GOWO This could be obsoleted by \# 1 above; on the other hand, the verbs would be quite distinct in the past tense, where auta- \#2 would likely have the straightforward form *autanë. -
24 am-
1 prefix "up" AMsup2/sup 2 prefix used in comparison, signifying addition, increase PE17:90, or with genitive superlative: elenion ancalima brightest of stars PE17:91. Originally identical with \#1 above. The form am- as such is in late Quenya only used before p and presumably before vowels; the longer form ama- came to be preferred before r and l; before other consonants, the prefix assumes the form an- pronounced, but not in Romanized Quenya orthography written, añ- before c PE17:90-92. Phonologically we would expect am- before y- since my is an acceptable Quenya combination; however, Tolkien used an- in the word anyára q.v. See an- \#2 and compare ar- \#2. -
25 indo
1 noun heart, mood ID, state perhaps especially state of mind, given the other glosses VT39:23, mind, region/range of thought, mood PE17:155, 179, inner thought, in fea as exhibited in character or ?personality PE17:189. In another post-LotR source, indo is translated resolve or will, the state of mind leading directly to action VT41:13. Indo is thus the mind in its purposing faculty, the will VT41:17. Indo-ninya,a word occurring in Fíriels Song, translated my heart see ninya. In the compound indemma mind-picture, the first element would seem to be indo. 2 noun house LT2:343, probably obsoleted by \#1 above in Tolkiens later Quenya, the word for house appears as coa. -
26 tier
is, besides the pl. form of tië "path" above, an ephemeral word for "so", abandoned by Tolkien in favour of tambë VT43:17 -
27 -ttë
1 they, dual 3rd person pronominal ending the two of them VT49:51, replacing also within the legendarium the older ending -stë which was later used for the second person only. This older ending -stë corresponds to a possessive ending -sta their VT49:16, but this was presumably likewise altered to *-tta as the new ending for dual their = of the two of them. 2, 3rd person pl. reflexive ending, as in melittë they love themselves VT49:21. This ending can hardly coexist with \#1 above; an alternative wording would be the analytical construction *meliltë intë. Compare -ssë \#2. -
28 Narsilion(Þ)
noun "the song of the Sun and Moon"; actually the stems of the words for Sun and Moon compounded see Narsil above and a plural genitive ending added Silm -
29 -ien
fem. ending in certain names like Yávien, Silmarien q.v. At one point -ien implied "daughter", see -iel above. -
30 ala-
2 negative prefix "not", "un-", reduced to al- before a vowel VT42:33, GALA, VT45:25, though the example Alcorin would suggest that al- can sometimes appear before a consonant as well. In a deleted entry in Etym, ala- was defined as "not" and said to be a "pure negative" VT45:5. In alahasta, Alamanyar, alasaila, Alcorin. 3, also al-, a prefix expressing good or well PE17:146, as in alaquenta q.v. Whether Tolkien imagined this ending to coexist with the negative prefix of the same form \#2 above is unclear and perhaps dubious. 4 vb. plant, grow the first gloss would suggest that the following one is transitive: to grow plants PE17:100. Compare al- thrive, *grow which however seems intransitive. -
31 már(mar-)
2 noun "home, house, dwelling" also "house" in the sense of family as in Mardil, q.v.. See mar above for references. In Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil, and as final element in Eldamar, Fanyamar, Valimar, Vinyamar.. -
32 telda
1 adj. "last, final" WJ:407 2 adj. "having a roof" LT1:268, LT2:348; this "Qenya" word is perhaps obsoleted by \#1 above -
33 sára
1 adj. "bitter" SAG 2 adj. "fiery" LT1:248; this "Qenya" word may have been obsoleted by \# 1 above -
34 ruc-
1 "k" vb. "feel fear or horror" 1st pers. aorist rucin "I feel fear or horror"; the verb is said to be constructed with "from" sc. the ablative case, or prepositions like ho or va? of the object feared. WJ:415 Hence e.g. *rucin i ulundollo or, *rucin ho/va i ulundo for "I fear the monster"? 2 vb. "fly to", in the phrase ortírielyanna rucimmë, "to thy patronage we fly" VT44:7. If this is really the same verb as ruc- \#1 above, it would indicate that ruc- combined with the allative case implies flying in horror to some refuge denoted by the allative noun. -
35 epessë
noun "after-name", nickname, mostly given as a title of admiration or honour PM:339, UT:266, VT49:12. Cf. essë "name" and epë above. -
36 racina
adj. "stripped, deprived"; this adj. is only attested in the pl. racinë "k". Compare rácina under rac- above. Cf. \#racina tengwë only pl. racinë tengwi "k" is attested "stripped sign", "deprived sign"; in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for a consonant with no following vowel; the vowel was held to have disappeared or been omitted VT39:6 -
37 pá
1 prep. "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall; also used = "touching, as regards, concerning" VT44:26. Another variant gives pá and apa with the meaning on above but touching. 2 Variants of apa "after" VT44:36, which preposition is in one source also ascribed the first meaning here discussed. For Neo-Quenya purposes, pá and pa may be used for "on" or "concerning", whereas apa is used for "after" see entries for apa \#1 and \#2, or pa may also be seen as a shorter form of apa after, as in the phrase yéni pa yéni *years upon years VT44:36 -
38 moina
1 adj. "familiar, dear" MOY MUY 2 adj. "safe, secure" GL:58; this "Qenya" word is evidently obsoleted by \# 1 above. This second moina seems to reappear as muina "hidden, secret" in Tolkien's later Quenya. -
39 telë-
vb. "finish, end" intransitive, also "be the last thing or person in a series or sequence of events" WJ:411; telë may be taken as the 3rd person aorist of a stem tel-, though it may also be interpreted as an example of an E-stem verb, as suggested by the final hyphensoleted by \# 1 above -
40 inya
1 adj. "female" INI 2 adj. "small" LT1:256; this "Qenya" word may be obsoleted by \# 1 above
См. также в других словарях:
Above — A*bove , adv. 1. In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; as, the clouds above. [1913 Webster] 2. Earlier in order; higher in the same page; hence, in a foregoing page. That was said above. Dryden. [1913 Webster] 3. Higher in rank or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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Above — A*bove , prep. [OE. above, aboven, abuffe, AS. abufon; an (or on) on + be by + ufan upward; cf. Goth. uf under. [root]199. See {Over}.] 1. In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface; over; opposed to {below} or {beneath}.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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above — 1 adv 1: higher on the same page or on a preceding page the discussion above 2: higher or superior in rank or authority the court above above the line: in calculations that yield adjusted gross income or profit above 2 adj: written o … Law dictionary
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above — [prep1] higher in position aloft, atop, beyond, high, on high, on top of, over, overhead, raised, superior, upon; concept 752 Ant. below, under above [prep2] more, higher in amount, degree beyond, exceeding, greater than, larger than, over;… … New thesaurus
