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1 alda
noun "tree" GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, LT2:340, VT39:7, also name of tengwa \#28 Appendix E. Pl. aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426 and UT:266-7. The latter source states that primitive ¤galadā, whence Quenya alda, originally applied to stouter and more spreading trees such as oaks or beeches, while straighter and more slender trees such as birches were called ¤ornē, Quenya ornë - but this distinction was not always observed in Quenya, and it seems that alda became the general word. According to PE17:25, primitive galada sic referred to a plant large and was a general term. Place-name Aldalómë tree-night or tree-shade-night LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82; Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of the Trees" Appendix A, Tar-Aldarion a Númenorean King UT:210. Aldaron a name of Oromë Silm; aldinga "tree-top" VT47:28, aldarembina pl. aldarembinë attested adj. tree-tangled, the cognate of Sindarin galadhremminPM:17:26.Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Trees Appendix D. The word seems to include *Aldu, a dual form referring to the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to Aldëa presumably *aldajā, referring to one tree the White only. The dual Aldu seems to occur also in Aldudénië "Lament for the Two Trees" a strange word, since Quenya does not permit intervocalic d as in this word perhaps the Vanyarin dialect of Quenya did Silm -
2 -t
1 dual ending, on nouns denoting a pair of something: attat "2 fathers or neighbours" VT48:19; see atto, máryat "her pair of hands" Nam, siryat "two rivers" VT47:11, ciriat "2 ships" Letters:427 read ciryat as in the Plotz Letter?, maquat "group of ten" from maqua, meaning among other things "group of five" VT47:7, nápat "thumb and index as a pair" VT48:5, also compare met "us two" as the dual form of me "us" Nam, VT47:11. Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, plus -tes as a possible short locative. It may be that these endings only apply to nouns that would have nominative dual forms in -t, and that nouns preferring the alternative dual ending -u would simply add the otherwise "singular" case endings to this vowel, e.g. *Alduo rather than ?Alduto as the genitive form of "Two Trees" Aldu. The ending -t is also used as a verbal inflection, corresponding to pl. -r elen atta siluvaut/u, two stars shall shine, VT49:45; the verb carit do would also be used with a dual subject, VT49:16; cf. also the endings listed in VT49:48, 50. 2 "them", pronominal ending; seen in the word laituvalmet "we shall bless them" lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them". According to PE17:110, this -t covers both sg. and dual. Also independent word te pl. and tú dual possibly *tu when unstressed. 3 reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" sg., the long form being -tyë both endings are listed in VT49:48. See heca regarding the example hecat WJ:364. However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form VT49:51, 57. The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful. -
3 ó-
usually reduced to o- when unstressed a prefix "used in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units". In omentië, onóna, ónoni, q.v. WJ:367, PE17:191; in the Etymologies, stem WŌ, the prefix o-, ó- is simply defined as "together". In VT43:29 is found a table showing how pronominal endings can be added to the preposition ó-; the resulting forms are onyë or óni *"with me", ómë *"with us" also in VT43:36, where "us" is said to be exclusive, ólyë or ólë *"with you" olyë only sg. "you", whereas ólë can be either sg. or pl., ósë *"with him/her", ótë *"with them" of animates where "them" refers to non-persons, óta or shortened ót is used, though the conceptual validity of ta as a pl. pronoun is questionable, ósa or shortened ós "with it". Two additional forms, ótar and ótari, presumably mean with them of inanimate things; see VT49:56 for a possible second attestation of tar as the word for plural inanimate they. However, Tolkien's later decision to the effect that ó- refers to two parties only may throw doubt upon the conceptual validity of some of these forms, where at least three persons would be implied like ótë "with them", where one person is "with" two or more others though Tolkien indicates that two groups may also be involved where the preposition ó- is used. The explicit statement in WJ:367 that the prepostion o variant of ó did not exist independently in Quenya is however difficult to get around, so instead using the preposition ó/o with or without endings for "with", writers may rather use as, the form appearing in the last version of Tolkien's Quenya Hail Mary also attested with a pronominal suffix: aselyë "with you". -
4 atta
1 cardinal "two" ATAT, Letters:427, VT42:26, 27, VT48:6, 19. Elen atta two stars VT49:44; notice how a noun is indeclinable before this numeral, and any case endings are singular and added to the numeral rather than the noun, e.g. genitive elen atto of two stars VT49:45. Attalyar "Bipeds" sg. *Attalya = Petty-dwarves from Sindarin Tad-dail WJ:389. A word atta "again" was struck out; see the entry TAT in Etym and cf. ata in this list. 3 variant of atto VT48:19. The dual form attat was retained. -
5 vanimelda
adj., said to be the highest word of praise for beauty, with two interpretations that were apparently considered equally valid and simultaneously true: beautiful and beloved vanima + melda, with haplology, i.e. movingly lovely, but also elven-fair fair as an Elf vanima + elda. The word was also used as the second name of Arwen. PE17:56, Second Edition LotR1:II ch. 16. -
6 násië
interjection "amen", "may it be so" VT43:24, 35. As a translation of "amen", Tolkien apparently abandoned the earlier form násan and the two-word variant san na, VT43:24 -
7 avatyar-
vb. "forgive" VT43:18; the form ávatyara VT43:10 seems to include the imperative particle á the two-word phrase *á avatyara "forgive!" merging into ávatyara. Plural aorist avatyarir VT43:20.Where Tolkien used avatyar-, he cited the persons forgiven in the ablative ávatyara meullo/u "forgive us", literally "ufrom/u us", whereas the matter that is forgiven appears as a direct object VT43:11. Compare apsenë. -
8 nettë
stem *netti-, given the primitive form listed in VT47:17 noun "girl, daughter" but also "sister", see below, also used as a play-name of the "fourth finger" or "fourth toe" VT47:10, VT48:6, in two-hand play also used for the numeral "nine" nettë is conceived as being related to nertë, q.v. Nettë is also defined as "sister" or "girl approaching the adult" VT47:16, VT49:25, "girl/daughter" VT47:15-16; it may be that "sister" was Tolkien's final decision on the meaning VT48:4, 22 - The related word nésa seems like a less ambiguous translation of "sister". -
9 apa
1 prep. "after" VT44:36, attested as a prefix in apacenyë and Apanónar, q.v. Variant ep- in epessë, q.v.; see epë for futher discussion. According to VT44:36, apa was glossed after and also before in one late manuscript, but both meanings were rejected. See also apa \# 2 below. For Neo-Quenya purposes, apa should probably be ascribed the meaning "after", as in our most widely-published sources compare Apanónar, the After-born, as a name of Men in the Silmarillion. Variants pa, pá VT44:36, but like apa these are also ascribed other meanings elsewhere; see separate entry. Apo VT44:36 may be yet another variant of the word for "after". 2 prep. denoting "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall. Apa is said to have this meaning in various Tolkien manuscripts VT44:26, but apa is also used for "after" see apa \#1 above, and the two were probably never meant to coexist in a single variant of Quenya. The clash may be avoided by consistently using the variants pá, pa q.v. mentioned by Tolkien in the sense of apa \#2. Another variant gives apa, pá on above but touching VT49:18. 3 conj. but: melinyes apa la hé I love him but not him another VT49:15 -
10 esto
emphatic pronoun ?, apparently 3rd person dual, *even the two of them VT49:48. The word comes from a conceptual phase where Tolkien let dual pronouns end in the vowel -o, an idea that was apparently abandoned; also, -st- is associated with the second rather than the third person dual in later sources see -stë. The ending may have been conceived as *-sto at an earlier stage VT49:49. -
11 lairë
1 noun "summer" Letters:283, VT45:26, in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 72 days, but also used without any exact definition Appendix D. Oiolairë "Eversummer", name of a tree UT:167, see also Coron Oiolairë. Lairelossë noun *"Summer-snow", name of a tree UT:167, perhaps with white flowers. 2 noun "poem" GLIR 3 noun "meadow" LT1:267, GL:39 perhaps a doubtful word in LotR-style Quenya, since lairë already has to carry two other meanings -
12 cucua
"k" noun "dove" KŪ; in the Etymologies as printed in LR, Tolkien's manuscript was misread as two distinct words **cu and **cua; see VT45:24. According to the same source, an ephemeral word for "dove" was indeed cua, but Tolkien changed it to cucua.
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