a+strong+man

n. heathen temple.

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n. [from a lost strong verb, hafa, hóf], moderation, measure; hóf ok stilling, Fms. ii. 38; kunna hóf, to shew moderation; allt kann sá er hófit kann, a saying, Gísl. 27; görit þeim þá ina fyrstu hríð, at þeir kunni hóf sín, i. e. give them a good lesson! Fms. xi. 94; Klaufi, kunn þú hóf þitt, K., be not so mad! Sd. 147; ætla hóf fyrir sér, Eg. 21; þeir eru ofsamenn svá at þeir hafa ekki hóf við, 175:—proportion, at því hófi, in the same proportion, equal degree, Grág. ii. 177, Al. 131, Fms. vi. 225; slíkt víti … á sitt hóf, in his turn, Ld. 136; vel er þessu í hóf stillt, ‘tis fairly done, fair and just, Nj. 54; e-t gegnir hófi, it is fair, Fms. vii. 132; þá er hóf at, then it is all right, Fs. 25; nú er nær hófi, 15; at hófi, tolerably, Fms. vi. 102; vel at hófi, pretty well, xi. 11, 48; við hóf, reasonable, Edda 48:—a rule, standard, at þú hafir þar einskis manns hóf við nema þitt, Eg. 714; ó-hóf, excess, intemperance, hófs-maðr, m. a temperate, just man, Hkr. i. 309, Eg. 50, Ísl. ii. 190.

II. a feast, banquet; hóf eðr hátíð, Stj. 186; halda mikit hóf, 188, Fas. i. 420, 462; drekka hóf, Fms. xi. 436: in mod. usage esp. of a wedding.

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I) refl. pron. dat.

1) for oneself, separately, singly (fór Eyjólfr einn sér);

eitt er þat sér, that is a thing by itself;

2) in a distributive sense, sér hverr, sér hvárr, each by himself, each separately;

ef sér ferr hverr várr, if each of us goes by himself;

stundum báðir samt, stundum sér hvárr þeirra, sometimes each of them singly;

þat lið, er honum fylgði, flýr sér hvat, in all directions.

II) from vera.

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reflex. pron. dat. = Lat. sibi (see sik, sín), to himself (herself, itself, themselves), used when referring to the subject in a sentence, whether sing. or plur.; hann hafði kesjuna fyrir sér, Eg. 532; hann segir sér mikit þykkja, 539; hón lét söðla sér hest, 603; hann bað Gizur sitja hjá sér, Nj. 226; sögðu þat allir, at hann brygði sér hvárki við sár né bana, 116, where it refers to the second subject ‘hann.’

II. special usages; vera mikill (lítill) fyrir sér, to be great (little) of oneself, a strong (weak) man; þeir fengu sér róðrar-skip, Eg. 109; drápu þeir sér upp eld, Fms. iv. 338; leika sér, to play, Nj. 2; gamna sér, etc.

2. giving emphasis; bað hón sér til Guðs, she ‘prayed her’ to God, Sks. 465 B; hón veinaði sér, she ‘wailed her’ bitterly, Hom. 150; eiga sér e-t, to own, hirzlu átti halrinn sér, Skíða R.: þau áttu sér eina dóttur, they had one daughter, and the like.

III. for oneself, separately, singly, as Lat. se-; fór Eyjólfr einn sér, Glúm. 329; einn er hann sér um sefa, Hm.; þeir vóru sér um móður, D. N. i. 149; settisk Joseph sér cinsliga, Stj. 217; þeir Þorljótr ok Sigurðr vóru sér einir ok heimasveitin, Th. and S. on the one hand and the house-folk on the other, Sturl. ii. 53; eitt er þat sér, that is a thing by itself, Gísl. 15; skyldi drekka saman karlmaðr ok kona svá sem til ynnisk, en þeir sér er fleiri væri, Eg. 247; ok vera þeir sér, er næstir búa, N. G. L. i. 98; at hverri gleði hlotnaðisk svá til, at þau urðu sér, Víglundr ok Ketilríðr, Vígl. 19.

2. in a distributive sense with the pron. hverr, one by one; ef sér ferr hverr várr, Glúm. 329; skulu ver undan hlaupa, sér hverr várr, Fær. 161; optliga allir saman, en stundum sér hvárir, Fms. i. 52; stundum báðir samt, stundum sér hvárr þeirra, Hkr. i. 30; þat lið er honum fylgði flýr, sér hvat, Fms. x. 268; þótt ek greina nú eigi svá, sér hvat, sem hann görði, each separately, Bs. i. 64; var borgin öll brotin, ok borinn sér hverr steinn, each stone of it scattered, Fms. ix. 48; greindusk sér hver skipin, vii. 289; hvártz þær (nætr) eru allar saman eða sér hver, whether they be three continuous or separate nights, Grág. i. 143; sér í lagi, for itself, separate, B. K. 83; sér í stað, id., Stj. 288: the exclamation, sér er hvað! sér er hver ósköpin, what a wonder, wonderful! expressing amazement.

(gen. -ar), m.

1) trust, good faith (var þetta sáttmáí bundit með fullum trúnaði); ganga í trúnað fyrir e-n, to become bound for another, go security for one;

2) faithfulness (halda man ek við þik fullum trúnaði);

3) trust, confidence; festa, leggja trúnað á e-t, to give credence to; eiga trúnað undir e-m, to have confidence (faith) in one; hafa trúnað á e-m, to place confidence in one;

4) confidence, secret; til hvers reiðt þú til þings, ef þú vill eigi segja mér trúnað þinn, if thou wilt not tell me thy secret; segja e-m e-t af trúnaði, in confidence, secretly; mæla trúnað fyrir e-m, to speak in confidence to one.

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m. [trúa], trust, good faith; halda mun ek við þik mínum trúnaði til dauða-dags, Nj. 109; halda trúnað við e-n, Fms. vi. 53; var þetta sáttmál bundit með fullum trúnaði, i. 57, vii. 280; veita e-m traust ok trúnað, vi. 19; skipta trúnaði sínum, Al. 46; draga hann frá konungs trúnaði, allegiance, Sturl. iii. 142: selja e-m sinn trúnað, Fb. ii. 285; ganga í trúnað fyrir e-n, to become bound for another, Fms. xi. 356; eiga trúnað undir e-m, x. 103; eigi þótti mér goðin göra af trúnaði brúna, i. e. they built it not sufficiently strong, Edda 8.

2. trust, confidence, belief; festa, leggja trúnað á e-t, to give credence to, believe, Eg. 51, Ld. 204; til hvers reitt þú til þings ef þú vill eigi segja mér trúnað þinn, if thou wilt not open thy heart to me, Nj. 11; þeir einir menn eru hér at hverr veit annars trúnað, 226; trúnað ok leyndar-mál, Fb. i. 64; þeir menn er vestan komu ok helzt mæltu trúnað fyrir honum, spoke in confidence to him, Orkn.; þér mun ek segja trúnað minn, I will open my heart to thee, Fær. 248; hann átti trúnað ( secret information) í hvers þeirra herbergi, Ld. 176: af trúnaði, in confidence, secretly; ef maðr selr manni fé af trúnaði, Grág. i. 400; segja e-m e-t af trúnaði, Fas. i. 187, Ó. H. 56.

II. a creed, belief, Sks. 647.

COMPDS: trúnaðareiðr, trúnaðarhylli, trúnaðarkona, trúnaðarmaðr, trúnaðartómr, trúnaðartraust, trúnaðarváttr, trúnaðarvinr.

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(veg; vá, vágum; veginn), v.

1) to lift (hann vegr heyit upp á herðar sé); v. e-n á bál, to lift one on the funeral fire; v. e-n ór skógi, to inlaw one;

2) to weigh (verðum vér at leita at skálum, ok v. hringinn); fig., skal yðr engi vera traustari vin, þott þér vegit þat lífit, though ye esteem it little;

3) to weigh, be of weikht (hvert haglkorn vá eyri);

4) to fence, fight (smite) with a weapon (hann vá svá skjótt með sverði, at þrú þóttu á lopti at sjá);

5) v. at e-m, to attack one, fight against one (ungr skal at ungum vega);

6) to gain by fighting; v. sigr, to gain the victory; v. sigr á e-m, to overcome, beat, vanquish; v. til landa, to win land weapon in hand;

7) to smite, slay, kill; v. mann, v. víg, to slay a man;

8) refl., þat sverð, er sjálft mun vegast, the sword that will fight of itseff; vást meirr á hlut Grikkja, the Greeks lost more men; recipr., vegast, to slay one another.

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pres. veg; pret. vá, vátt, vá (later vó); subj. vægi; part. veginn; with neg. suff. vegr-a, Hm. 10. In N. G. L. it is often spelt with i, viga, vigr, viginn: [Goth. wigan is supposed from ga-wigan = σαλεύειν, Luke vi. 38; O. H. G. wegan; Germ. wägen; cp. Lat. vehere; Goth. and A. S. wagjan, and Engl. wag and weigh, in the phrase ‘to weigh anchor,’ are derivatives]:—prop. to move, carry, lift, as by a lever; hann vegr heyit upp á herðar sér, Fb. i. 523; vágu þeir upp með (forkinum) bálit, Fms. vi. 405; hann vegr hann upp (á atgeirinum), Nj. 84; þeir höfðu til vegr (i. e. vögur) ok vágu skútuna fram af berginu, Fms. viii. 430; þerra hey sín en eigi á brott at vega eðr færa, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 107; öngullinn vá í góminn, Edda 36; en er lokit var at sjóða vá Narfi upp mörbjúga, Korm. 34: vega á bál, to lift on the bale fire, Vtkv.; vágum ór skógi þanns vildum syknan, Am. 97; var ek þrimr verum vegin at húsi, Gh. 10; vegnest verra vegra hann velli at, Hm. 10.

II. to weigh; vega þeir haglkomin … ok vágu þeir í skálum, Fms. xi. 143; vá Halli sér þá þrjár merkr, vi. 372; þat er vegit sem reitt er, Sd. 155; eyrir veginn, Grág.; sex merkr vegnar, Orkn.; þrjá penninga silfrs vegna, Hkr. i. 185; mörk vegin brends silfrs, and so passim; virðr ok veginn, Grág. ii. 369; hann lét vega allan borðbúnað sinn, Fms. x. 147: metaph., skal yðr engi vera traustari vin, þótt þér vegið þat lítið, though ye find it light, ix. 297, passim.

III. neut. to weigh, be of weight; sjám hvat vegi sjóðr sá, Ld. 30; hvert haglkorn vá eyri, Fms. i. 175; vega hálfa mörk, ii. 80; er sagt at eyri vægi hvert haglkorn, xi. 142; þótt þat vegi meirr enn hálfa vætt, Grág. (Kb.) i. 24, Bs. i. 874: metaph., skal ek allan hug á leggja ef þat vegr nökkut, Ó. H. 53; nema yðr þykki minna vega mín reiði, Fms. vii. 141; mér vegr þat lítið, Mag. 11.

IV. reflex., í öllu sem vegask má með stórum vágum ok smám, K. Á. 204, freq.

2. to yield in weight; það vegst vel, or það hefir vegist so and so, it has been of such and such weight.

B. [The Goth. has here a separate strong verb, but in the Icel. both verbs have been amalgamated into one; Ulf. weigan, waih, wigun, = μαχειν; A. S. wigan; cp. víg]. to fence, fight with a weapon; tók sverðit ok atgeirinn ok vegr með báðum höndum, Nj. 96; hana vá svá skjótt með sverði, at þrjú þóttu á lopti at sjá, 29; eiga þeir at vega upp yfir höfuð sér, Fms. x. 360; vega með vápnum, to report to arms, Nj. 139; vega at e-m, to fight against; Þjálfi vá at Mökkur-kálfa ok féll hann, Edda 58.

2. to attack with a weapon, Nj. 63, Grág. ii. 156; hann vaknaði fyrst er menn vágn at honum, Fms. vii. 333; ungr skal at ungum vega, Ísl. ii. 309; vega at flugdreka, Nj. 183.

II. to fight; vega sigr, to gain the day, Fms. viii. 133, Bret. 66; með vápnum má sigr vega, Al. 83; hamingju at vega sigr a sínum úvinum. Fms. i. 218; ást Guðs vá sigr á ( overcame) líkams píslum ok hræzlu, Greg. 21; vega til landa, to win land weapon in hand, Korm.; slíkt sem vér höfum til vegit, gained, Fms. viii. 92.

2. with dat. to forfeit, = fyrir vega, vega landi ok lausum eyri, Hkr. ii. 384; ef hann félli á hólmi þá hefði hann vegit allri eigu sinni, Eg. 495.

III. to smite, slay, slaughter; ef maðr vegr mann, ok varðar þat skóggang, Grág. (Kb.) i. 145; vega á veittar trygðir, Ísl. ii. 491; vega víg, ek hefi vegit víg eitt, Nj. 128, passim; vega í enn sama knérunn, 85; víg þá er þat er vegit, Grág. ii. 89; vegin sök. = víg sök, 20, 41; vega mann or menn, passim; í Hólmgarði var svá mikil friðhelgi, at drepa skyldi hvern er mann údæmdan vá, Fms. i. 80; Kolskeggr vá drúgum menn, … vegr Gunnarr drjúgum menn, Nj. 96, 108; Þorsteinn vá hann þar, Eg. 713; ek vá hann, Nj. 28; þú sitr hjá, en nú er veginn Egill húsbóndi þinn, 97; ef hann er með vápum veginn, 146; hræðisk eigi þá sem líkamann vega, Blas. 48 (Mark x. 28); þú skalt ekki mann vega, the Sixth Commandment.

IV. reflex., ok þat sverð er sjálft vegizk, a sword that fences of itself, Skm. 8, 9; þat [sverðit] vásk sjálft, Edda; vásk meirr á hlut Grikkja. the battle went against the Greeks, they lost the more men, Bret. 74; þá verðr um rætt at mjök hefði á vegizk þeirra lið Sunnan-manna, Ísl. ii. 389 (á-víga); at þegar hafi vegizk á þinn her, Stj. 531.

2. recipr., vegask or vegask at, to fight, slay one another; nú vegask menn at, N. G. L. i. 64; ef þrælar manna vegask, Grág. (Kb.) i. 191; þá vágusk skógar-menn sjálfir, Landn. 323 (App.); miklu eru þrælar atgörða-meiri enn fyrr hafa verit, þeir flugusk þá á, en nú vilja þeir vegask, Nj. 56; nú eru konur þær sjau, er maðr má vegask um sektalaust við konung, N. G. L. i. 169.

(þin, þitt), poss. pron. thy, thine; þinn heljar-karl, thou hell-carle!; hundrinn þinn, thou dog!.

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þín, þitt, possess. pron.; older and better þínn, þín, þítt, see minn: [Goth. þeins; Engl. thine; Germ. dein; Dan. din]:—thine, thy; þínum drengskap, Nj. 16; dóttur þinnar, 23; þinnar íllsku, 82; föður þíns, 108; fá mér leppa tvá ór hári þínu, 116, and passim.

B. There was also a different use of ‘þinn’ in the vocat., viz. in addressing a person generally in connexion with some word of abuse; þinn heljar-karl, thou hell-carle! Fb. i. 212; þitt íllmenni! Fs. 36; þinn skelmir! 166; also placed after the noun, even with the suffixed article, hefir þú svikit mik, hundrinn þinn! Ísl. ii. 176; mun fóli þinn nokkurum manni grið gefa? Ld. 220; dyðrillinn þinn, Fms. ii. 279; klifar þú nökkvat jafnan mannfýla þin! Nj. 85; hirð eigi þú þat, milki þinn, thou milksop! 182; alldjarfr er þjófrinn þinn, Fms. vii. 127; hvat vill skelmir þinn? Fs. 52; hvat mun þjófr þinn vita til þess? Eb. 106; lydda þin, Krók. 7: also freq. in mod. Dan., Norse, and Swed., e. g. Dan. din hund! din skjelm! dit afskum! ☞ In Norway, even in a sense of compassion, nú frys du í hel, ditt vesle ting! gakk heim-atter, din krok = thou, poor fellow! but more freq. as abuse, di sugga! ditt naut! ditt stygge fæ! or it is even there extended to the first person, eg, min arming, I, poor thing! me, vaarc stakarar = we, poor fellows! eg viste inkje bettra, min daare ! Ivar Aasen’s Norse Gramm. p. 332.

2. in cases other than the vocative, but much more rarely; viltú nú þiggja grið? þá svarar jarl, eigi af hundinum þínum, not from thee, thou dog! Fms. vi. 323; af fretkarli þínum, Fs. 160: acc., er ek sé þik, frænda skömm þína …, er ek ól þinn úvita, Krók. 7 new Ed.; skulu vér færa þinn úvin til heljar, Fms. vi. 212.

3. in old writers even in plur., but very rarely; hví róa. djöflar yðrir (ye devils!), fyrir oss í alla nótt, Fms. ix. 50.—We believe this ‘þinn,’ as a vocative, to be not the possess. pron. but a compounded form of the pers. pron. ‘þú’ and the article ‘inn,’ þinn being qs. þ’inn, literally thou the …! A strong, and almost conclusive, proof of this is that the uncontracted form actually occurs, and is used in exactly the same sense as the contracted ‘þinn;’ þú inn vándi slangi, thou the wicked scamp! Skíða R.; þú inn armi, thou the wretch! Ld. 326; þú inn mikli maðr, thou the great man! Eg. 488; vel, þú hinn góði þjón og trúlyndi, Matth. xxv. 21: the full phrase was accordingly altered in one of two ways; either the article was dropped, þú góði og t. þjón, 20, or pronoun and particle were both contracted into one word, as above. The phrase, we may presume, at first could only have been used in the vocative (þinn!); but the origin being soon lost sight of, it was gradually extended to other cases (hundinum þínum); and even, esp. in mod. usage, to the other possessive pronouns (djöflar yðrir). Bearing this in mind, it is easy to understand why this usage is peculiar to the Scandinavian tongue, for although the possessive pronoun ‘þinn,’ thine, etc., is common to all Teutonic languages, the article ‘inn’ is peculiar to the northern languages, and therefore a word compounded with it would be so also. Analogous are the phrases, sá inn, þat it, þau in, þann inn …, see p. 263, col. 1 (A. II). For another view, see Grimm, Kleine Schr. iii. 256, and 271 sqq.

(pl. -ir), f. thousand.

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f.; sérhverja þúsund, Stj. 298; á þúsund (dat.), Sks. 705; tvær, þrjár … þúsundir, 623. 53: in mod. usage it is mostly neut. (influenced by Latin?), but also fem. It is spelt þús-hund, Barl. 53; þús-hundum, Fms. vi. 409 (v. l.), Geisli 49; another form þús-hundrað (q. v.) is freq., esp. in Stj., Barl.; this double form -hund and -hundrað answers to the equally double form of ‘hundred,’ see p. 292, and is a proof that þúsund is a compound word, the latter part of which is ‘hund’ or ‘hundred;’ the etymology of the former part ‘þús’ is less certain; it is, we believe, akin to þysja, þyss, þaus-nir (a lost strong verb þúsa, þaus, þusu); þúsund would thus literally mean a swarm of hundreds: [in Goth. the gender varies, þûsundi, pl. þusundjos = χίλιοι, or þusundja, neut.; A. S. þûsend; Engl. thousand; O. H. G. dusunta; Germ. tausend, qs. dausend; Swed. tusende and tusen; Dan. tusinde; Dutch tuysend: this word is also common to the Slavon. languages: again, the Lapp, duhat and Finn. tuhat are no doubt borrowed from the Slavon. or Scandin.; the Gr., Lat., and Sansk. use other words]—a thousand.

B. There is little doubt that with the ancient heathen Scandinavians (and perhaps all Teutons), before their contact with the civilised southern people, the notion of numbers was limited, and that their thousand was not a definite number, but a vague term, denoting a swarm, crowd, host (cp. the Gr. μυρίοι): in ancient lays it occurs thrice (Hkv., Em., Fas. i. 502), but indefinitely; hvat þrym er þar sem þúsund bifisk eðr mengi til mikit, what a din is there as if a thousand were shaking, or an over-mickle multitude, Em. 2; sjau þúsundir, Hkv. 1. 49, literally = seven thousands, but in fact meaning seven hosts of men.

2. the dat. pl. þúsundum is, like huudruðum, used adverbially = by thousands, in countless numbers, Fms. vi. 409 (in a verse), Geisli 49.

3. in the ancient popular literature, uninfluenced by southern writers, ‘þúsund,’ as a definite number, occurs, we think, not half-a-dozen times. As the multiple of ten duodecimal hundreds, ere the decimal hundred was adopted, ‘þnsund’ would mean twelve decimal hundreds; and such is its use in the Sverris Saga, Fms. viii. 40, where one vellum says ‘tvær þúsundir,’ whilst the others, by a more idiomatic phrase, call it ‘twenty hundreds.’

II. in ecclesiastical writers, and in annals influenced by the Latin and the like, it is frequent enough; tíu þúsundir, fjórtán þúsundir, Fms. i. 107, 108 (annalistic records); fimm þúsundir, xi. 386, Al. 111; tíu þúsundum, Sks. 705; tíu þúsundum sinna hundrað þúsunda, Hom.; þúsund þúsunda, a thousand of thousands, i. e. a million, (mod.); hundrað þúsundir rasta ok átta tigir þúsunda, … hundrað þúsund mílna, Fb. i. 31 (in the legend of Eric the Far-traveller and Paradise, taken from some church-legend); fjórar þúsundir, Þiðr. 234: or of the years of the world, sex þúsundir vetra, Fs. 197; sjau þúsundir vetra, Landn. 34.

C. REMARKS.—The popular way of counting high numbers was not by thousands, but by tens (decades) and duodecimal hundreds as factors; thus ten … twenty hundreds, and then going on three, four, five, six … tens of hundreds (a ‘ten of hundreds’ being = 1200). The following references may illustrate this—tíu hundruð, ellefu hundruð, tólf hundruð, þrettán hundruð, fimtán hundruð …, Íb. 17, Ó. H. 119, 201, Fms. vii. 295, xi. 383, 385. From twenty and upwards—tuttugu hundrað manna, twenty hundreds of men, Fms. vii. 324, viii. 40; hálfr þriðitugr hundraða skipa, two tens and a half hundreds of ships, i. e. twenty-five hundreds, Fas. i. 378; þrjá tigu hundraða manna, three tens of hundreds of men, Fms. viii. 311; var skorat manntal, hafði hann meirr enn þrjá tigu hundraða manna, vii. 204; þrír tigir hundraða, D. N. v. 18; user fjorir tigir hundraða manna, nearly four tens of hundreds of men, Fms. vii. 275; á fimta tigi hundraða, on the fifth ten of hundreds, i. e. from four to five tens of hundreds, viii. 321; sex tigir hundraða, six tens of hundreds, 311, xi. 390; sex tigu hundraða manna, Fb. ii. 518, D. I. i. 350,—all odd amounts being neglected. The highest number recorded as actually reckoned in this way is ‘six tens of hundreds’ (fimtán tigir hundraða, fifteen tens of hundreds, Fms. viii. 321, v. l., is a scribe’s error): it is probable that no reckoning exceeded twelve tens of hundreds. All high multiples were unintelligible to the ancients; the number of the Einherjar in Walhalla is in the old lay Gm. thus expressed,—there are ‘five hundred doors in Walhalla, and five tens beside (the ‘five tens’ are, by the way, merely added for alliteration’s sake), and eight hundred Einherjar will walk out of each door when they go out to fight the Wolf’ (on the Day of final Doom). There seems to have been some dim exaggerated notion of a definite thousand in an ancient lay, only preserved in a half alliterative prose paraphrase, Fas. i. 502, where a mythical host is given thus,—there were thirty-three phalanxes, each of five ‘thousand,’ each thousand of thirteen hundreds, each hundred four times counted. The armies in the battle of Brawalla, the greatest of the mythical age, are given, not in numbers, but by the space the ranks occupied, Skjöld. S. ch. 8. This resembles the story in Ó. H. ch. 59, of the two young brothers, king’s sons: when asked what they would like to have most of, the one said: ‘Cows.’ ‘And how many?’ ‘As many,’ said he, ‘as could stand packed in a row round the lake (Mjösen in Norway) and drink.’ ‘But you?’ they asked the other boy: ‘House-carles’ (soldiers), said he. ‘And how many?’ ‘As many,’ said he, ‘as would in one meal eat up all my brother’s cows.’ Add also the tale of the King and the Giant, and the number of the giant’s house-carles, Maurer’s Volksagen 306. No less elementary was the rule for division and fractions, of which a remarkable instance is preserved in an ancient Icelandic deed, called Spákonu-arfr, published in D. I. i. 305. See also the words tigr, hundrað, skor, skora, and the remarks in Gramm. p. xix. The Homeric numeration, as set forth in Mr. Gladstone’s Homeric Studies, vol. iii, p. 425 sqq., is highly interesting, and bears a striking resemblance to that of the ancient Scandinavians. We may notice that in Iceland land and property are still divided into hundreds (hundreds of ells = 120), see hundrað B; in this case a thousand is never used, but units and hundreds of hundreds as factors, thus, sex tögu hundraða, in Reykh. Máld, (a deed of the 12th century), and so still in mod. usage; a wealthy man of the 15th century is said to have bequeathed to his daughters in land, ‘tólf hundruð hundraða ok ellefu-tíu og tvau hundruð betr, en í lausafé fimm hundruð hundraða,’ i. e. twelve hundreds of hundreds and ‘eleventy’ and two hundreds, and in movables five hundreds of hundreds, Feðga-æfi 16 (by the learned Bogi Benidiktsson of Staðarfell in Iceland, A. D. 1771–1849); sjau hundruð hundraða og þrjátigi hundruð betr, 21; hann eptir-lét börnum sínum fjármuni upp á níu hundruð hundraða, 22,—a proof that in very remote times, when this valuation of land first took place, ‘thousand’ was still unknown as a definite number.

n. a strong, stout man.

m. strong (virtuous) man.

pr. p. availing, mighty, strong; fylldi hann þat heit, er hann var m. maðr, as soon as he grew to be man of might; lítt m., feeble, weak; ekki m., powerless, helpless.

m. an exceeding strong (courageous) man.