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101 леярен
founding, casting, moulding; smelting* * *лея̀рен,прил., -на, -но, -ни founding, casting, moulding; smelting.* * *founding, casting, moulding; smelting -
102 леярство
founding, casting, moulding; smelting* * *лея̀рство,ср., само ед. foundrywork, founding, casting, moulding; smelting.* * *foundry* * *founding, casting, moulding; smelting -
103 металодобивен
metallurgic (al), metal-producingметалодобивна промишленост metallurgyметалодобивен завод smelting-works, smeltery* * *металодобѝвен,прил., -на, -но, -ни metallurgic(al), metal-producing; \металодобивенен завод smelting-works, smeltery; \металодобивенна промишленост metallurgy.* * *1. metallurgic(al), metal-producing 2. МЕТАЛОДОБИВЕН завод smelting-works, smeltery 3. металодобивна промишленост metallurgy -
104 hutnicz|y
adj. Przem. smelting- kombinat hutniczy a smelting plant- przemysł hutniczy the smelting industry- odpady hutnicze smelter waste- spieki hutnicze sinter spec.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > hutnicz|y
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105 aerarius
aerārĭus, a, um, adj. [aes].I.That pertains to or is made of copper, bronze, etc.:II.aerarium metallum,
a copper-mine, Vitr. 7, 9; Plin. 33, 5, 26, § 86;fornaces,
smelting-furnaces, id. 11, 36, 42, § 119:fabrica,
the preparation of copper, id. 7, 56, 57, § 197 faber, a coppersmith, id. 34, 8, 19, 6, § 61 (also aerarius alone; v. below).—Of or pertaining to money:1.propter aerariam rationem non satis erat in tabulis inspexisse quantum deberetur,
on account of the standard of coin, Cic. Quint. 4:hinc dicuntur milites aerarii, ab aere quod stipendia facerent,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 181 Müll.: tribunus, who superintended disbursements of the public treasury: aerarii tribuni a tribuendo aere sunt appellati, Paul. ex Fest. p. 2 Müll.;or, acc. to Varr.: ab eo, quibus attributa erat pecunia, ut militi reddant, tribuni aerarii dicti,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 181 Müll.; v. tribunus.—Hence, subst.: aerārĭus, i, m.(Sc. faber.) One who works in copper, etc., a coppersmith:2.in aerariorum officinis,
Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 23:aerariorum marculi,
Mart. 12, 57, 6; so Inscr. Orell. 4140.—(Sc. civis.) A citizen of the lowest class, who paid only a poll-tax (aera pendebat), and had no right of voting. Other citizens, upon the commission of great crimes, were degraded by the censors into this class, and deprived of all previous dignities. (Cf. Gell. 4, 12 and 29; Drak. ad Liv. 24, 18, 6;B.Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 63 and 452.) Referre aliquem in aerarios,
Cic. Clu. 43. eximere aliquem ex aerariis, id. de Or. 2, 66 ext.; Liv. 24, 18:omnes, quos senatu moverunt, quibusque equos ademerunt (censores) aerarios fecerunt et tribu moverunt,
id. 42, 10 al. —aerārĭa, ae, f.1.(Sc. fodina, like argentaria and ferraria, Liv. 34, 21:2.auraria,
Tac. A. 6, 19 al.) A mine:multis locis apud eos (sc. Aquitanos) aerariae structuraeque sunt,
Caes. B. G. 3, 21 Herz. —(Sc. officina.) A smelting or refining house, Varr. L. L. 8, 33.—3.(Sc. fornax.) A smelting-furnace, Plin. 34, 13, 33, § 128.—C.aerārĭum, i, n. (sc. stabulum), the place in the temple of Saturn at Rome, where the public treasure was kept, the treasury: to tamieion, to koinon: Aerarium sane populus Romanus in aede Saturni habuit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 2 Müll.; cf. Plin. Pan. 92:referre pecuniam in aerarium,
Cic. Agr. 2, 27 (for which deferre is often used in Liv. q.v.):dare alicui pecuniam ex aerario,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 70.—Also for the public treasure or finances:C. Gracchus, cum largitiones maximas fecisset et effudisset aerarium,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 20, 48, Nep. Arist. 3, 1; id. Att. 8.—In the time of the emperors the aerarium (public treasure) was distinguished from fiscus (the wealth of the emperor):bona Sejani ablata aerario, ut in fisco cogerentur,
Tac. A. 6, 2; Plin. Pan. 36, Suet. Vesp. 16;v. fiscus. In the treasury the public archives were kept: factum senatus consultum, ne decreta patrum ante diem decimum ad aerarium deferrentur,
Tac. A. 3, 51; cf. id. ib. 13, 28; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Caes. 28;and also the standards: signa ex aerario prompta,
Liv. 4, 22.—The Quaestores aerarii (under Augustus and his immediate successors the Praetores) presided over the aerarium, with whom the Tribuni aerarii were associated as assistants; cf.Quaestor and Tribunus.—The aerarium contained also a fund, established after the invasion of Gaul, and augmented by the immense booty acquired in the wars with Carthage, Macedonia, Corinth, etc., as well as by the tribute of the manumissi, which could be used only in cases of extreme public necessity, hence with the epithet sanctius,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24:aurum vicesimarium, quod in sanctiore aerario ad ultimos casus servaretur, promi placuit,
Liv. 27, 10; cf. Cic. Att. 7, 21; id. Verr. 2, 4, 63 (of the Syracusans). Hence trop., Quint. 10, 3, 3:aerarium militare, destined by Aug. for defraying the expenses of war,
Tac. A. 1, 78; Suet. Aug. 49; Plin. Pan. 92, 1. -
106 Darby, Abraham
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1678 near Dudley, Worcestershire, Englandd. 5 May 1717 Madely Court, Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, England[br]English ironmaster, inventor of the coke smelting of iron ore.[br]Darby's father, John, was a farmer who also worked a small forge to produce nails and other ironware needed on the farm. He was brought up in the Society of Friends, or Quakers, and this community remained important throughout his personal and working life. Darby was apprenticed to Jonathan Freeth, a malt-mill maker in Birmingham, and on completion of his apprenticeship in 1699 he took up the trade himself in Bristol. Probably in 1704, he visited Holland to study the casting of brass pots and returned to Bristol with some Dutch workers, setting up a brassworks at Baptist Mills in partnership with others. He tried substituting cast iron for brass in his castings, without success at first, but in 1707 he was granted a patent, "A new way of casting iron pots and other pot-bellied ware in sand without loam or clay". However, his business associates were unwilling to risk further funds in the experiments, so he withdrew his share of the capital and moved to Coalbrookdale in Shropshire. There, iron ore, coal, water-power and transport lay close at hand. He took a lease on an old furnace and began experimenting. The shortage and expense of charcoal, and his knowledge of the use of coke in malting, may well have led him to try using coke to smelt iron ore. The furnace was brought into blast in 1709 and records show that in the same year it was regularly producing iron, using coke instead of charcoal. The process seems to have been operating successfully by 1711 in the production of cast-iron pots and kettles, with some pig-iron destined for Bristol. Darby prospered at Coalbrookdale, employing coke smelting with consistent success, and he sought to extend his activities in the neighbourhood and in other parts of the country. However, ill health prevented him from pursuing these ventures with his previous energy. Coke smelting spread slowly in England and the continent of Europe, but without Darby's technological breakthrough the ever-increasing demand for iron for structures and machines during the Industrial Revolution simply could not have been met; it was thus an essential component of the technological progress that was to come.Darby's eldest son, Abraham II (1711–63), entered the Coalbrookdale Company partnership in 1734 and largely assumed control of the technical side of managing the furnaces and foundry. He made a number of improvements, notably the installation of a steam engine in 1742 to pump water to an upper level in order to achieve a steady source of water-power to operate the bellows supplying the blast furnaces. When he built the Ketley and Horsehay furnaces in 1755 and 1756, these too were provided with steam engines. Abraham II's son, Abraham III (1750–89), in turn, took over the management of the Coalbrookdale works in 1768 and devoted himself to improving and extending the business. His most notable achievement was the design and construction of the famous Iron Bridge over the river Severn, the world's first iron bridge. The bridge members were cast at Coalbrookdale and the structure was erected during 1779, with a span of 100 ft (30 m) and height above the river of 40 ft (12 m). The bridge still stands, and remains a tribute to the skill and judgement of Darby and his workers.[br]Further ReadingA.Raistrick, 1989, Dynasty of Iron Founders, 2nd edn, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust (the best source for the lives of the Darbys and the work of the company).H.R.Schubert, 1957, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry AD 430 to AD 1775, London: Routledge \& Kegan Paul.LRD -
107 Dudley, Dud
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1599d. 25 October 1684 Worcester, England[br]English ironmaster who drew attention to the need to change from charcoal to coal as a fuel for iron smelting.[br]Dudley was the fourth natural son of Edward Sutton, fifth Baron Dudley. In 1619 he was summoned from Balliol College, Oxford, to superintend his father's ironworks at Pensnet in Worcestershire. There had long been concern at the destruction of the forests in order to make charcoal for the smelting of iron ore, and unsuccessful attempts had been made to substitute coal as a fuel. Finding that charcoal was in short supply and coal plentiful near Pensnet, Dudley was stimulated by these attempts to try the process for himself. He claimed to have made good, marketable iron and in 1621 his father obtained a patent from the King to protect his process for thirty-one years. After a serious flood, Dudley moved to Staffordshire and continued his efforts there. In 1639 he was granted a further patent for making iron with coal. Although he probably made some samples of good iron, more by luck than judgement, it is hardly possible that he achieved consistent success. He blamed this on the machinations of other ironmasters. The day that King Charles II landed in England to assume his throne', Dudley petitioned him to renew his patents, but he was refused and he ceased to promote his invention. In 1665, however, he published his celebrated book Metallum Martis, Iron Made with Pit-Coaky Sea-Coale…. In this he described his efforts in general terms, but neither there nor in his patents does he give any technical details of his methods. He implied the use of slack or small coal from the Staffordshire Thick or Ten Yard coal, but this has a sulphur content that would have rendered the iron unusable; in addition, this coal would not have been suitable for converting to coke in order to remove the sulphur. Nevertheless, Dudley recognized the need to change from charcoal to coal as a fuel for iron smelting and drew attention to it, even though he himself achieved little success.[br]Further ReadingH.R.Schubert, 1957, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry AD 430 to AD 1775, London: Routledge \& Kegan Paul.W.K.V.Gale, 1967, The British Iron and Steel Industry: A Technical History, London (provides brief details of Dudley's life in relation to the history of ironmaking).LRD -
108 теплота плавления
1. heat of melting2. melting heat -
109 зона плавления
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > зона плавления
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110 канал плавильной печи
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > канал плавильной печи
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111 плавление оловянного концентрата
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > плавление оловянного концентрата
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112 процесс вакуумной индукционной плавки
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > процесс вакуумной индукционной плавки
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113 процесс доводки плавки
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > процесс доводки плавки
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114 разделительная плавка
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > разделительная плавка
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115 селективная плавка
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > селективная плавка
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116 тигельная плавка
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > тигельная плавка
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117 выплавка металла
выплавка металла
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
metal smelting
A metallurgical process in which ore mixtures are heated above melting point to extract or yield a crude metal. (Source: APD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > выплавка металла
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118 כור II
כּוּרII m. (b. h.; כור, cmp. כְּבָרָה a. כְּוֶורֶת) smelting pot, smelting furnace. Tosef.Kel.B. Kam.VI, 16: Kel. VIII, 9 כ׳ … של עושה זכיכית (Var. בור) the glassmakers pot. Sabb.VIII, 4 כ׳ של צורפי זהב the gold refiners pot. Midr. Till. to Ps. 114 כאדם … מתוך הכ׳וכ׳ like a man that takes gold out of the smelting pot without tongs Pirké dR. El. ch. 48 כ׳ של אש a burning furnace; a. e. -
119 כּוּר
כּוּרII m. (b. h.; כור, cmp. כְּבָרָה a. כְּוֶורֶת) smelting pot, smelting furnace. Tosef.Kel.B. Kam.VI, 16: Kel. VIII, 9 כ׳ … של עושה זכיכית (Var. בור) the glassmakers pot. Sabb.VIII, 4 כ׳ של צורפי זהב the gold refiners pot. Midr. Till. to Ps. 114 כאדם … מתוך הכ׳וכ׳ like a man that takes gold out of the smelting pot without tongs Pirké dR. El. ch. 48 כ׳ של אש a burning furnace; a. e. -
120 плавка во взвешенном состоянии
• плавка f во взвешенном состоянииenglish: flash smelting, suspension smelting; lévitation meltingdeutsch: Schwebeschmelzen nfrançais: fusion f en suspensionРусско-английский (-немецко, -французский) металлургический словарь > плавка во взвешенном состоянии
См. также в других словарях:
Smelting — Smelt ing, a. & n. from {Smelt}. [1913 Webster] {Smelting furnace} (Metal.), a furnace in which ores are smelted or reduced. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Smelting furnace — Smelting Smelt ing, a. & n. from {Smelt}. [1913 Webster] {Smelting furnace} (Metal.), a furnace in which ores are smelted or reduced. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Smelting — Smelting. См. Выплавка. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) … Словарь металлургических терминов
Smelting — For other uses, see Smelt (disambiguation). Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a TVA chemical plant (1942) Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy; its main use is to produce a metal from its ore. This includes iron extraction from … Wikipedia
smelting — Process by which a metal is obtained from its ore, either as the element or as a simple compound, usually by heating beyond the melting point, ordinarily in the presence of reducing agents such as coke or oxidizing agents such as air (see… … Universalium
smelting — The process of developing metal from ore by the removal of other substances and impurities. By its derivation, the term is synonymous with the word melting, but in metallurgy and commercial manufacture it has come to have a more contracted… … Ballentine's law dictionary
Smelting — Smelt Smelt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smelted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Smelting}.] [Of foreign origin; cf. Sw. sm[ a]lta, D. smelten, Dan. smelte, Icel. smelta, G. schmelzen OHG. smelzan, smelzen; probably akin to Gr. ?????. Cf. {Enamel}, {Melt}, {Mute}, v … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
smelting — noun Smelting is used after these nouns: ↑copper … Collocations dictionary
smelting furnace — lydkrosnė statusas T sritis Standartizacija ir metrologija apibrėžtis Metalų, stiklo, bazalto ir kitų medžiagų lydymo krosnis. atitikmenys: angl. melting furnace; smelter; smelting furnace vok. Schmelzofen, m rus. плавильная печь, f pranc. four à … Penkiakalbis aiškinamasis metrologijos terminų žodynas
smelting furnace — lydkrosnė statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Metalų, stiklo, bazalto ir kitų medžiagų lydymo krosnis. atitikmenys: angl. melting furnace; smelter; smelting furnace rus. плавильная печь … Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
smelting — fishing for smelt (Osmeridae) through the ice … Dictionary of ichthyology