-
101 proclamo
proclamare, proclamavi, proclamatus Vcall/cry out, raise an outcry; appeal noisily; take claim to court; proclaim -
102 quiritatus
plaintive cry; wail -
103 quiritor
quiritari, - V DEPcomplain; make a public outcry, cry out in protest; complain excessively -
104 reclamo
reclamare, reclamavi, reclamatus V -
105 urco
urcare, -, - V INTRANSurk; (verbal expression of the cry of the lynx) -
106 Cum tacent, clamant
• When they remain silent, they cry out. (Their silence speaks louder than words) (Cicero) -
107 clamo
to call, shout, cry aloud, proclaim, declare. -
108 clamor
loud shouting, cry. -
109 exclamo
to shout, cry aloud, exclaim, call someone by name. -
110 fleo
to weep, cry, shed tears, sob. -
111 flere
to cry, shed tears -
112 quiritatio
a scream, cry, shriek -
113 quirito
(-are) to scream, cry out -
114 vociferor
to cry aloud, shout. -
115 acclamatio
I.In gen.:II.acuta atque attenuata nimis,
Auct. Her. 3, 12, 21;the calling of the shepherd,
Col. 7, 3, 26; so in plur., id. 6, 2, 14.—In partic.A.A cry of disapprobation (so esp. in the time of the republic):B.ei contigit non modo ut adclamatione, sed ut convicio et maledictis impediretur,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2; 2, 1, 2; quanto jam levior est adclamatio, C. Rabir. 18; id. de Or. 2, 83, 339 etc.; Suet. Dom. 23 al.—On the contrary, esp. later, a shout of approbation (e. g. on the appearance of a person honored by the people), a huzza:C.adclamationes multitudinis assentatione immodica pudorem operantis,
Liv. 31, 15, 2; so Suet. Caes. 79; id. Aug. 58; id. Oth. 6 (made by the voice; while plausus is made with the hands, Quint. 8, 3, 3).—Rhetor. a figure of speech = exclamatio, epiphônêma, exclamation, Quint. 8, 5, 11. -
116 adclamatio
I.In gen.:II.acuta atque attenuata nimis,
Auct. Her. 3, 12, 21;the calling of the shepherd,
Col. 7, 3, 26; so in plur., id. 6, 2, 14.—In partic.A.A cry of disapprobation (so esp. in the time of the republic):B.ei contigit non modo ut adclamatione, sed ut convicio et maledictis impediretur,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2; 2, 1, 2; quanto jam levior est adclamatio, C. Rabir. 18; id. de Or. 2, 83, 339 etc.; Suet. Dom. 23 al.—On the contrary, esp. later, a shout of approbation (e. g. on the appearance of a person honored by the people), a huzza:C.adclamationes multitudinis assentatione immodica pudorem operantis,
Liv. 31, 15, 2; so Suet. Caes. 79; id. Aug. 58; id. Oth. 6 (made by the voice; while plausus is made with the hands, Quint. 8, 3, 3).—Rhetor. a figure of speech = exclamatio, epiphônêma, exclamation, Quint. 8, 5, 11. -
117 B
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
118 b
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
119 bacchantes
I.Lit., to celebrate the festival of Bacchus:B.Baccha bacchans,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:saxea ut effigies bacchantis prospicit Evoe,
i. e. which cries Evoe in the orgies, Cat. 64, 61; 64, 255:cum aliquo,
Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 8.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: bacchan-tes, um, f., Bacchae, the Bacchantes: passis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu, Ov.M. 7, 258; 3, 703; Curt. 8, 10, 15; gen. Bacchantium, id. 9, 10, 24.—Pass. (as in later Gr. bakcheuesthai, bakcheuthênai) of the place in which the orgies of Bacchus were celebrated:II.virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta,
Verg. G. 2, 487 Heyn.:bacchata jugis Naxos,
id. A. 3, 125:Dindyma sanguineis famulum bacchata lacertis,
Val. Fl. 3, 20: ita obsoletum sono furenter ab omni parti bacchatur nemus, Santra ap. Non. p. 78, 28:ululatibus Ide bacchatur,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 206.—Transf., in gen., to revel, rave, rant, like the Bacchœ (of every species of mental excitement, love, hatred, joy, etc.; mostly poet. and in more elevated prose):B. 1.quibus gaudiis exsultabis? quantā in voluptate bacchabere?
Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:furor in vestrā caede bacchantis,
id. ib. 4, 6, 11; id. Har. Resp. 18, 39:non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 26; Col. poët. 10, 198; * Suet. Calig. 56; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 213; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 192.—Of murderous fury:tantā in illos caede bacchati sunt,
Vulg. Judic. 20, 25.—So of poet. inspiration, Stat. S. 1, 2, 258;and with carmen as object: grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu,
Juv. 6, 636; cf.:furebant Euhoe bacchantes,
raving to the cry of Euhoe, Cat. 64, 255; 64, 61.—Also, to go or run about in a wanton, wild, raving, or furious manner: animans Omne, quod in magnis bacchatur montibu' passim, * Lucr. 5, 822:saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem Bacchatur,
Verg. A. 4, 301 ( = discursitat, Heyne):immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,
raves, is inspired, id. ib. 6, 78;7, 385: infelix virgo totā bacchatur in urbe,
id. Cir. 166.—Hence,So of a vessel of wine that is filled very often:2.ubi bacchabatur aula, casabant cadi,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 41 Lorenz ad loc.—Of winds:3.Thracio bacchante magis sub interlunia vento,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 29.—Of violent rain, Val. Fl. 6, 632.—Of a rumor: concussam bacchatur fama per urbem, spreads rapidly, Verg A. 4, 666.—4.Of enthusiastic, raging discourse:quod eos, quorum altior oratio actioque esset ardentior furere et bacchari arbitraretur,
Cic. Brut. 80, 276:vitiosum dicendi genus, quod inanibus locis bacchatur, etc.,
Quint. 12, 10, 73. -
120 bacchor
I.Lit., to celebrate the festival of Bacchus:B.Baccha bacchans,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:saxea ut effigies bacchantis prospicit Evoe,
i. e. which cries Evoe in the orgies, Cat. 64, 61; 64, 255:cum aliquo,
Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 8.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: bacchan-tes, um, f., Bacchae, the Bacchantes: passis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu, Ov.M. 7, 258; 3, 703; Curt. 8, 10, 15; gen. Bacchantium, id. 9, 10, 24.—Pass. (as in later Gr. bakcheuesthai, bakcheuthênai) of the place in which the orgies of Bacchus were celebrated:II.virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta,
Verg. G. 2, 487 Heyn.:bacchata jugis Naxos,
id. A. 3, 125:Dindyma sanguineis famulum bacchata lacertis,
Val. Fl. 3, 20: ita obsoletum sono furenter ab omni parti bacchatur nemus, Santra ap. Non. p. 78, 28:ululatibus Ide bacchatur,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 206.—Transf., in gen., to revel, rave, rant, like the Bacchœ (of every species of mental excitement, love, hatred, joy, etc.; mostly poet. and in more elevated prose):B. 1.quibus gaudiis exsultabis? quantā in voluptate bacchabere?
Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:furor in vestrā caede bacchantis,
id. ib. 4, 6, 11; id. Har. Resp. 18, 39:non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 26; Col. poët. 10, 198; * Suet. Calig. 56; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 213; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 192.—Of murderous fury:tantā in illos caede bacchati sunt,
Vulg. Judic. 20, 25.—So of poet. inspiration, Stat. S. 1, 2, 258;and with carmen as object: grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu,
Juv. 6, 636; cf.:furebant Euhoe bacchantes,
raving to the cry of Euhoe, Cat. 64, 255; 64, 61.—Also, to go or run about in a wanton, wild, raving, or furious manner: animans Omne, quod in magnis bacchatur montibu' passim, * Lucr. 5, 822:saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem Bacchatur,
Verg. A. 4, 301 ( = discursitat, Heyne):immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,
raves, is inspired, id. ib. 6, 78;7, 385: infelix virgo totā bacchatur in urbe,
id. Cir. 166.—Hence,So of a vessel of wine that is filled very often:2.ubi bacchabatur aula, casabant cadi,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 41 Lorenz ad loc.—Of winds:3.Thracio bacchante magis sub interlunia vento,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 29.—Of violent rain, Val. Fl. 6, 632.—Of a rumor: concussam bacchatur fama per urbem, spreads rapidly, Verg A. 4, 666.—4.Of enthusiastic, raging discourse:quod eos, quorum altior oratio actioque esset ardentior furere et bacchari arbitraretur,
Cic. Brut. 80, 276:vitiosum dicendi genus, quod inanibus locis bacchatur, etc.,
Quint. 12, 10, 73.
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