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1 viscount
[ˈvaɪkaunt] nouna nobleman next in rank below an earl.فيكونت: لقَب شَرَف -
2 Morris, William Richard, Viscount Nuffield
[br]b. 10 October 1877 Worcester, Englandd. 22 August 1963 Nuffield Place, England[br]English industrialist, car manufacturer and philanthropist.[br]Morris was the son of Frederick Morris, then a draper. He was the eldest of a family of seven, all of whom, except for one sister, died in childhood. When he was 3 years old, his father moved to Cowley, near Oxford, where he attended the village school. After a short time with a local bicycle firm he set up on his own at the age of 16 with a capital of £4. He manufactured pedal cycles and by 1902 he had designed a motor cycle and was doing car-repair work. By 1912, at the Motor Show, he was able to announce his first car, the 8.9 hp, two-seater Morris Oxford with its characteristic "bull-nose". It could perform at up to 50 mph (80 km/h) and 50 mpg (5.65 1/100 km). It cost £165.Though untrained, Morris was a born engineer as well as a natural judge of character. This enabled him to build up a reliable team of assistants in his growing business, with an order for four hundred cars at the Motor Show in 1912. Much of his business was built up in the assembly of components manufactured by outside suppliers. In he moved out of his initial premises by New College in Longwall and bought land at Cowley, where he brought out his second model, the 11.9hp Morris Oxford. This was after the First World War, during which car production was reduced to allow the manufacture of tanks and munitions. He was awarded the OBE in 1917 for his war work. Morris Motors Ltd was incorporated in 1919, and within fifteen months sales of cars had reached over 3,000 a year. By 1923 he was producing 20,000 cars a year, and in 1926 50,000, equivalent to about one-third of Britain's output. With the slump, a substantial overdraft, and a large stock of unsold cars, Morris took the bold decision to cut the prices of cars in stock, which then sold out within three weeks. Other makers followed suit, but Morris was ahead of them.Morris was part-founder of the Pressed Steel Company, set up to produce car bodies at Cowley. A clever operation with the shareholding of the Morris Motors Company allowed Morris a substantial overall profit to provide expansion capital. By 1931 his "empire" comprised, in addition to Morris Motors, the MG Car Company, the Wolseley Company, the SU Carburettor Company and Morris Commercial Cars. In 1936, the value of Morris's financial interest in the business was put at some £16 million.William Morris was a frugal man and uncomplicated, having little use for all the money he made except to channel it to charitable purposes. It is said that in all he gave away some £30 million during his lifetime, much of it invested by the recipients to provide long-term benefits. He married Elizabeth Anstey in 1904 and lived for thirty years at Nuffield Place. He lived modestly, and even after retirement, when Honorary President of the British Motor Corporation, the result of a merger between Morris Motors and the Austin Motor Company, he drove himself to work in a modest 10 hp Wolseley. His generosity benefited many hospitals in London, Oxford, Birmingham and elsewhere. Oxford Colleges were another class of beneficiary from his largesse.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsViscount 1938; Baron (Lord Nuffield) 1934; Baronet 1929; OBE 1917; GBE 1941; CH 1958. FRS 1939. He was a doctor of seven universities and an honorary freeman of seven towns.Further ReadingR.Jackson, 1964, The Nuffield Story.P.W.S.Andrews and E.Brunner, The Life of Lord Nuffield.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Morris, William Richard, Viscount Nuffield
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3 Townshend, Charles, 2nd Viscount
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1674 Englandd. 1738 England[br]English landowner and improver.[br]Charles Townshend succeeded his father as 2nd Viscount Townshend at the age of 15. In his early life he played a prominent political role: he was Lord Privy Seal under William III; served as a commissioner to treat for the Union between Scotland and England; and, with Marlborough, signed the treaty of Gertruydenberg in 1709. He was Secretary of State under both George I and George II, and was for a time Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.In 1730 he retired from political life to Raynham, in Norfolk, and devoted himself to the care of his estate and to experiments in agricultural husbandry. He paid particular attention to the rotation of crops and the cultivation of turnips and clover. His efforts on the light soil of his estate brought substantial returns, and those of his tenants and neighbours who followed his example also prospered. His particular zeal for the merits of the turnip earned him the nickname of "Turnip Townshend".He is popularly credited with the introduction of the Norfolk Four Course Rotation, but this had certainly been long practised in his area. However, the success of his farming practice and the wide publicity that he gave to it were important factors in the improvement of British agriculture during the mid-eighteenth century.[br]Further ReadingR.E.Prothero, 1892, article in Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England: 1–3.——1912, English Farming Past and Present, London, pp. 172–5 (places Townshend within his context).APBiographical history of technology > Townshend, Charles, 2nd Viscount
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4 Nuffield, Viscount
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См. также в других словарях:
Viscount — ist ein Adelstitel, siehe Vicomte Vickers Viscount, ein Passagierflugzeug des Herstellers Vickers ein Hersteller von digitalen Kirchenorgeln Diese Seite ist eine Begriffsklärung zur Untersche … Deutsch Wikipedia
Viscount — Vis count , n. [OE. vicounte, OF. visconte, vescunte, F. vicomte, LL. vicecomes; L. vice (see {Vice}, a.) + comes a companion, LL., a count. See {Count}.] 1. (O. Eng. Law) An officer who formerly supplied the place of the count, or earl; the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Viscount — (engl., spr. Wiskaunt), s. Vicomte … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Viscount — (engl., spr. waikaunt, »Vizegraf«), s. Vicomte … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Viscount — (engl., spr. weikaunt), s. Vicomte … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Viscount — (weikaunt), s. Vicomte … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
viscount — (n.) late 14c., deputy of a count or earl, from Anglo Fr. and O.Fr. visconte, from M.L. vicecomes (gen. vicecomitis), from L.L. vice deputy (see VICE (Cf. vice )) + L. comes member of an imperial court, nobleman (see COUNT (Cf. count) (n.)). As a … Etymology dictionary
viscount — is a British nobleman ranking between an earl and a baron. The rank is called a viscountcy … Modern English usage
viscount — ► NOUN ▪ a British nobleman ranking above a baron and below an earl. ORIGIN Latin vicecomes (see VICE (Cf. ↑vice ), COUNT(Cf. ↑countable)) … English terms dictionary
viscount — [vī′kount΄] n. [ME < OFr viscomte < ML vice comes: see VICE & COUNT2] 1. Historical in England, a) a deputy of an earl b) a sheriff 2. a nobleman next below an earl or count and above a baron … English World dictionary
Viscount — A viscount (pron en|ˈvaɪkaʊnt VAI count) is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl (in Britain) or a count (the earl s continental equivalent).EtymologyThe word … Wikipedia
