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1 Vaucanson chain
крючковая цепь; цепь Вокансона -
2 canard de Vaucanson
сущ.лингвостран. Вокансонова утка (одна из первых заводных игрушек, созданная в XVIII в.)Французско-русский универсальный словарь > canard de Vaucanson
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3 chaîne Vaucanson
сущ.маш. крючковая цепь вокансона, разборная цепь вокансона -
4 cadena Vaucanson
f.hook link chain. -
5 Вокансонова утка
adjcultural. canard de Vaucanson (одна из первых заводных игрушек, созданная в XVIII в.) -
6 крючковая цепь вокансона
adjmech.eng. chaîne VaucansonDictionnaire russe-français universel > крючковая цепь вокансона
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7 разборная цепь вокансона
adjmech.eng. chaîne VaucansonDictionnaire russe-français universel > разборная цепь вокансона
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8 ladder chain
nPROD cadena Vaucanson f -
9 chain
цепь; II соединять цепью; соединять при помощи цепи; II цепной- chain-and-sprocket drive - chain drive - chain-driven - chain gear - chain gearing - chain guard - chain hoist - chain jack - chain joint - chain link - chain lock - chain of coordinated crossings - chain oiler - chain rivet - chain roller - chain skid - chain skid bolt - chain skid screw - chain slack - chain sprocket - chain tensioner - chain tensioner cover - chain tensioner spindle - chain tensioner sprocket - chain tool - chain track - chain-track combine - chain-track tractor - chain transmission - chain tread - chain wheel - anchor chain - articulated link chain - barrel chain - block chain - bucket chain - complete kinematic chain - compound kinematic chain - connecting chain - control chain - coupling chain - crane chain - dismountable chain - drag chain - drive chain - driving chain - duplex roller chain - endless chain - flat link chain - four-link chain - Gall's chain - grate chain - grip lock chain - guide chain - guiding chain - haulage chain - hauling chain - hook link chain - hoop linked chain - incomplete kinematic chain - kinematic chain - knock-down chain - ladder chain - laminated chain - lashing chain - link chain - load chain - locking chain - multi-link chain - non-skid chain - ordinary chain - pintle chain - pitch chain - power transmission chain - propelling chain - pull chain - punched chain - roller chain - rudder chain - screw chain - silent chain - single-bar chain - sling chain - sprocket chain - stamped chain - static chain - straight-link chain - stud chain - surveyor's chain - tension chain - tested chain - toothed chain - track chain - tyre chain - valve chain - Vaucanson chain - welded chain -
10 Damasquette
A brilliant silk cloth woven at Venice during the 18th century. The best quality had a gold floral pattern which was flattened out under rollers and made to assume the form of thin plates. This fabric was imitated by Vaucanson at Lyons, but the manufacture has been long discontinued. -
11 Falcon
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. c.1728 France[br]French improver of the pattern-selection apparatus of Bouchon for weaving.[br]In 1728, Falcon used punched cards, one for each pick, to replace the roll of pierced paper that Bouchon had used for storing the pattern to be woven. The selection of the leashes was the same as the method used by Bouchon. The appropriate card was pressed against a set of horizontal needles at the side of the loom by the drawboy, who then lifted those leashes that had been selected ready for the weaver to send the shuttle across for that pick. The cards could be sewn up into an endless loop so the pattern could be repeated time after time. This apparatus could select a greater width of pattern than Bouchon's because the cards were pressed against the needles by a square block of wood known as the prism or cylinder. This meant that rows of needles could be mounted below each other, allowing for many more to be fitted into the space. Vaucanson tried to make alterations to this apparatus, but the Falcon method remained in use until 1817 at Lyon and formed the basis for the later improvements by Jacquard.[br]Further ReadingM.Daumas (ed.), 1968, Histoire générale des techniques, Vol. III, L'Expansion du machinisme, Paris.Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 1942, Catalogue du musée, section T, industries textiles, teintures et apprêtes, Paris (includes a picture of a model of Falcon's apparatus in the museum).RLH -
12 Jacquard, Joseph-Marie
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 7 July 1752 Lyons, Franced. 7 August 1834 Oullines, France[br]French developer of the apparatus named after him and used for selecting complicated patterns in weaving.[br]Jacquard was apprenticed at the age of 12 to bookbinding, and later to type-founding and cutlery. His parents, who had some connection with weaving, left him a small property upon their death. He made some experiments with pattern weaving, but lost all his inheritance; after marrying, he returned to type-founding and cutlery. In 1790 he formed the idea for his machine, but it was forgotten amidst the excitement of the French Revolution, in which he fought for the Revolutionists at the defence of Lyons. The machine he completed in 1801 combined earlier inventions and was for weaving net. He was sent to Paris to demonstrate it at the National Exposition and received a bronze medal. In 1804 Napoleon granted him a patent, a pension of 1,500 francs and a premium on each machine sold. This enabled him to study and work at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers to perfect his mechanism for pattern weaving. A method of selecting any combination of leashes at each shoot of the weft had to be developed, and Jacquard's mechanism was the outcome of various previous inventions. By taking the cards invented by Falcon in 1728 that were punched with holes like the paper of Bouchon in 1725, to select the needles for each pick, and by placing the apparatus above the loom where Vaucanson had put his mechanism, Jacquard combined the best features of earlier inventions. He was not entirely successful because his invention failed in the way it pressed the card against the needles; later modifications by Breton in 1815 and Skola in 1819 were needed before it functioned reliably. However, the advantage of Jacquard's machine was that each pick could be selected much more quickly than on the earlier draw looms, which meant that John Kay's flying shuttle could be introduced on fine pattern looms because the weaver no longer had to wait for the drawboy to sort out the leashes for the next pick. Robert Kay's drop box could also be used with different coloured wefts. The drawboy could be dispensed with because the foot-pedal operating the Jacquard mechanism could be worked by the weaver. Patterns could be changed quickly by replacing one set of cards with another, but the scope of the pattern was more limited than with the draw loom. Some machines that were brought into use aroused bitter hostility. Jacquard suffered physical violence, barely escaping with his life, and his machines were burnt by weavers at Lyons. However, by 1812 his mechanism began to be generally accepted and had been applied to 11,000 draw-looms in France. In 1819 Jacquard received a gold medal and a Cross of Honour for his invention. His machines reached England c.1816 and still remain the basic way of weaving complicated patterns.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFrench Cross of Honour 1819. National Exposition Bronze Medal 1801.Further ReadingA.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London.C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press.R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (covers the introduction of pattern weaving and the power loom).RLH -
13 chaîne
f1. цепь; цепочка 2. линия, ряд, цепьchaîne à blocs — грузоподъёмный цепной блок, тальchaîne de contrôle — контрольный [проверочный] циклchaîne de coordination — цикл координации [согласования]chaîne de copiage — (кинематическая) цепь копировального устройстваchaîne de correction — сеть [цепь] регулирования (станка-автомата)chaîne entretoisée — (сварная) цепь из звеньев с распоркамиchaîne à étais — (сварная) цепь из звеньев с распоркамиchaîne étançonnée — (сварная) цепь из звеньев с распоркамиchaîne de fabrication — поточная линия, конвейерchaîne fermée — непрерывный [замкнутый] производственный процессchaîne sans fin — бесконечная цепь; цепной конвейерchaîne Galle — цепь Галя, пластинчатая шарнирная цепьchaîne d'information — цепь [система] информацииchaîne d'information directe — цепь прямой [непосредственной] информацииchaîne à lamelles — пластинчатая [плоскозвенная] цепьchaîne à maillons — (сварная) звеньевая цепьchaîne de manutention — 1. конвейер, транспортёр 2. тяговая цепь; грузовая цепьchaîne de montage des machines-outils — (поточная) линия сборки станковchaîne opératoire — (непрерывный) производственный процессchaîne de régulation — цепь [сеть] регулированияchaîne de remorquage — буксирная цепь, цепь для буксировкиchaîne de reproduction — система [механизм] копированияchaîne torse — (сварная) цепь со спирально изогнутыми звеньямиchaîne transfert — система передачи (напр. в поточной линии)chaîne de transmission — 1. система передачи 2. приводная цепь 3. информационная линия (в программирующем устройстве)chaîne de transmission indirecte — цепь [система] непрямой передачиchaîne Vaucanson — крючковая [разборная] цепь Вокансонаchaîne de vérification — линия технического контроля, линия технической приёмки
См. также в других словарях:
Vaucanson — [vokã sɔ̃], Jacques de, französischer Mechaniker, * Grenoble 24. 2. 1709, ✝ Paris 21. 11. 1782; ab 1741 Generalinspekteur der französischen Seidenmanufakturen; erfand zahlreiche Werkzeuge, Instrumente und Maschinen, die einen Teil des… … Universal-Lexikon
Vaucanson — (spr. Wohkangsong), Jacques de V., geb. 1709 in Grenoble, Mechaniker, verfertigte 1738 einen Automaten, welcher die Flöte blies u. mit den Fingern die Töne modulirte, später eine sich selbst bewegende Ente, welche verdaute, u. andere sinnreiche… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Vaucanson — (spr. wokangßóng), Jacques de, Mechaniker, geb. 24. Febr. 1709 in Grenoble, gest. 21. Nov. 1782 in Paris, konstruierte mehrere Automaten, mit denen er 1738 nach Paris kam, und ward 1741 königlicher Inspektor der Seidenmanufakturen und später… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Vaucanson — (spr. wokangsóng), Jacques de, franz. Mechaniker, geb. 24. Febr. 1709 zu Grenoble, gest. 21. Nov. 1782 zu Paris, Verfertiger berühmter Automaten und einer nach ihm benannten Bandkette … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Vaucanson — (Wokangsong), Jacques de, berühmter franz. Mechaniker, geb. 1709 zu Grenoble, gest. 1782, verfertigte sehr kunstreiche Automaten, darunter namentlich Enten, welche schnatterten, fraßen, schwammen, mit den Flügeln schlugen, und einen Flötenspieler … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Vaucanson — (Jacques de) (1709 1782) ingénieur français; constructeur d automates: Joueur de flûte (1737), Canard digéreur (de graines qu il avait mangées, 1738). à partir de 1741, il s intéressa au tissage et inventa le premier métier à tisser automatique … Encyclopédie Universelle
Vaucanson — Jacques de Vaucanson Pour les articles homonymes, voir Vaucanson (homonymie). Jacques de Vaucanson … Wikipédia en Français
Vaucanson — Jacques de Vaucanson Hakenkette nach Vaucanson … Deutsch Wikipedia
Vaucanson (homonymie) — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Jacques de Vaucanson était un inventeur et mécanicien français. Lycée Jacques de Vaucanson à Grenoble. Lycée Jacques de Vaucanson à Tours. Ce document… … Wikipédia en Français
Vaucanson, Jacques de — born Feb. 24, 1709, Grenoble, France died Nov. 21, 1782, Paris French inventor. In 1739 he constructed an automaton, The Duck, which imitated not only the motions of a live duck but also the motions of drinking, eating, and digesting. An… … Universalium
Vaucanson, Jacques de — (1709 1782) mechanical engineer Born in Grenoble, Jacques de Vaucanson conceived the idea for a number of machines, including a water pump, the first entirely automatic loom (which was later perfected by Joseph jacquard), and an industrial… … France. A reference guide from Renaissance to the Present