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1 Tupolev
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2 tupolev
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3 TUPOLEV
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4 TUPOLEV (CO)
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5 Tupolev, Andrei Nikolayevich
[br]b. 10 November 1888 Pastomazovo, Russiad. 23 December 1972 Moscow, Russia[br]Russian aircraft designer.[br]In 1909 he entered the Moscow Higher Technical School and became a pupil of Nikolai Zhukovsky, who was known as "the father of Russian aviation". Graduating in 1918, he helped Zhukovsky to set up the Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute and was made Assistant Director. He was appointed Head of the Institute's Design Department in 1922: his work was concentrated on wind tunnels and gliders, but later included aerodynamic calculations and the construction of all-metal aircraft. His first significant design project was the twin-engined Ant-29 fighter prototype, which appeared in the early 1930s and eventually entered service as the SB-2. However, Tupolev and his wife fell victim to Stalin's purges in 1937: she was sent to a labour camp and he was imprisoned, but in 1943 both were rehabilitated and Tupolev was able to resume his design work. He devoted his attention to long-range strategic bombers, the first of these being the Tu-4, a copy of the US B-29, followed by the Tu-70 bomber. He also designed the Tu-104 airliner, and in 1967 he produced the world's first supersonic airliner, the Tu-144. Tupolev also became interested in fast-attack naval craft and designed a number of torpedo launches, and he rose to the rank of Lieutenant-General in the Soviet air force's Engineering and Technical Service.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonoured Scientist and Technologist RSFSR 1933. Hero of Socialist Labour 1945. Member of the Supreme Soviet 1950–58. Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences 1953. Lenin Prize 1957. Stalin Prize.CMBiographical history of technology > Tupolev, Andrei Nikolayevich
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6 туполев
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7 Korolov (Korolyev), Sergei Pavlovich
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 12 January 1907 (30 December 1906 Old Style) Zhitomir, Ukrained. 14 January 1966 Moscow, Russia[br]Russian engineer and designer of air-and spacecraft.[br]His early life was spent in the Ukraine and he then studied at Tupolev's aeroplane institute in Moscow. In the mid-1930s, just before his thirtieth birthday, he joined the GIRD (Group Studying Rocket Propulsion) under Frederick Zander, a Latvian engineer, while earning a living designing aircraft in Tupolev's bureau. In 1934 he visited Konstantin Tsiolovsky. Soon after this, under the Soviet Armaments Minister, Mikhail N.Tukhachevsky, who was in favour of rocket weapons, financial support was available for the GIRD and Korolov was appointed General-Engineer (1-star) in the Soviet Army. In June 1937 the Armaments Minister and his whole staff were arrested under Stalin, but Korolov was saved by Tupolev and sent to a sharaska, or prison, near Moscow where he worked for four years on rocket-and jet-propelled aircraft, among other things. In 1946 he went with his superior, Valentin Glushko, to Germany where he watched the British test-firing of possibly three V-2s at Altenwaide, near Cuxhaven, in "Operation Backfire". They were not allowed within the wire enclosure. He remained in Germany to supervise the shipment of V-2 equipment and staff to Russia (it is possible that he underwent a second term of imprisonment from 1948), the Germans having been arrested in October 1946. He kept working in Russia until 1950 or the following year. He supervised the first Russian ballistic missile, R-1, in late 1947. Stalin died in 1953 and Korolov was rehabilitated, but freedom under Nikita Kruschev was almost as restrictive as imprisonment under Stalin. Kruschev would only refer to him as "the Chief Designer", never naming him, and would not let him go abroad or correspond with other rocket experts in the USA or Germany. Anything he published could only be under the name "Sergeyev". He continued to work on his R-7 without the approval that he sought for a satellite project. This was known as semyorka, or "old number seven". In January 1959 he added a booster stage to semyorka. He may have suffered confinement in the infamous Kolyma Gulag around this time. He designed all the Sputnik, Vostok and some of the Voshkod units and worked on the Proton space booster. In 1966 he underwent surgery performed by Dr Boris Petrovsky, then Soviet Minister of Health, for the removal, it is said, of tumours of the colon. In spite of the assistance of Dr Aleksandr Vishaevsky he bled to death on the operating table. The first moon landing (by robot) took place three weeks after his death and the first flight of the new Soyuz spacecraft a little later.[br]Further ReadingY.Golanov, 1975, Sergey Korolev. The Appren-ticeship of a Space Pioneer, Moscow: Mir.A.Romanov, 1976, Spacecraft Designers, Moscow: Novosti Press Agency. J.E.Oberg, 1981, Red Star in Orbit, New York: Random House.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Korolov (Korolyev), Sergei Pavlovich
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8 Aerospace
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Caproni, Giovanni BattistaDassault, MarcelGiffard, Baptiste Henry JacquesJohnson, Clarence LeonardKorolov, Sergei PavlovichSopwith, Sir Thomas Octave MurdochTsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich -
9 Weapons and armour
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Armstrong, Sir William GeorgeCtesibius of AlexandriaZeng Gonglian
См. также в других словарях:
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Tupolev tu-16 — Badger … Wikipédia en Français
Tupolev Tu-20 — Tupolev Tu 95 Bear Tupolev Tu 95 Bear … Wikipédia en Français
Túpolev Tu-16 — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda El Tupolev Tu 16 (en ruso: Ту 16, designación USAF/DoD: Tipo 39,[1] designación OTAN: Badger[2] ) fue un bombardero estratégico birreactor usado por las Fuerzas Aéreas de la Unión Soviética. Ha volado por más de 50… … Wikipedia Español
Tupolev Tu-4 — Rôle Bombardier stratégique Constructeur Modèle:UNION SOVIÉTIQUE d Tupolev Premier vol 03/07/1947 Masse et capacité d emport Passagers 9 10(équipage) … Wikipédia en Français
Tupolev tu-4 — Tu 4 au musée de Monino Le Tupolev Tu 4 (désignation OTAN Bull) est un bombardier soviétique construit juste après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. C est en fait une copie du Boeing B 29 Superfortress américain, réalisée par rétro ingénierie … Wikipédia en Français
Tupolev Tu-70 — Vue de l avion Rôle Avion de ligne Constructeur … Wikipédia en Français
Tupolev SB — 2 en museo de la Fuerza Aérea Rusa. El Tupolev ANT 40 (SB 2) fue un bombardero ligero bimotor utilizado por las V VS (Fuerzas Aéreas soviéticas); participó en la Guerra Civil española, en los conflictos fronterizos de 1939 contra Japón, en la… … Wikipedia Español
Túpolev Tu-2 — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Tupolev El Túpolev Tu 2 (Con nombre de diseño ANT 58 y 103 y nombrado por la OTAN como Bat) era un avión bimotor soviético que realizó funciones de bombardero rápido diurno (SBD) y bombardero del frente (FB) durante… … Wikipedia Español
Tupolev Tu-2 — Tupolev. El Tupolev Tu 2 (Con nombre de diseño ANT 58 y 103 y nombrado por la OTAN como Bat) era un avión bimotor soviético que realizó funciones de bombardero rápido diurno (SBD) y bombardero del frente (FB) durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.… … Wikipedia Español