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[tuːlɔŋ]ТулонАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > Toulon
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['tuː'lɔ̃ːŋ]N Tolón m -
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n геогр. н.м. Тулон -
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[tu:ʹlɒn] n геогр.г. Тулон -
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Тулон Город во Франции, порт на Средиземном м. 170 тыс. жителей (1990). Военно-морская база. Арсенал, судостроение. В древности греческая, затем римская колония. В средние века резиденция епископа. С кон. 17 – нач. 18 вв. первоклассная морская крепость. -
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[tuː'lɒn]м. Тулон ( Франція) -
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Тулон -
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[tuː'lɔːŋ]сущ.; геогр. -
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n геогр. Тулон -
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nტულონი -
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طولون، فرنسا -
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s.Toulon, Francia. -
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SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 11 June 1910 Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France[br]French marine explorer who invented the aqualung.[br]He was the son of a country lawyer who became legal advisor and travelling companion to certain rich Americans. At an early age Cousteau acquired a love of travel, of the sea and of cinematography: he made his first film at the age of 13. After an interrupted education he nevertheless passed the difficult entrance examination to the Ecole Navale in Brest, but his naval career was cut short in 1936 by injuries received in a serious motor accident. For his long recuperation he was drafted to Toulon. There he met Philippe Tailliez, a fellow naval officer, and Frédéric Dumas, a champion spearfisher, with whom he formed a long association and began to develop his underwater swimming and photography. He apparently took little part in the Second World War, but under cover he applied his photographic skills to espionage, for which he was awarded the Légion d'honneur after the war.Cousteau sought greater freedom of movement underwater and, with Emile Gagnan, who worked in the laboratory of Air Liquide, he began experimenting to improve portable underwater breathing apparatus. As a result, in 1943 they invented the aqualung. Its simple design and robust construction provided a reliable and low-cost unit and revolutionized scientific and recreational diving. Gagnan shunned publicity, but Cousteau revelled in the new freedom to explore and photograph underwater and exploited the publicity potential to the full.The Undersea Research Group was set up by the French Navy in 1944 and, based in Toulon, it provided Cousteau with the Opportunity to develop underwater exploration and filming techniques and equipment. Its first aims were minesweeping and exploration, but in 1948 Cousteau pioneered an extension to marine archaeology. In 1950 he raised the funds to acquire a surplus US-built minesweeper, which he fitted out to further his quest for exploration and adventure and named Calypso. Cousteau also sought and achieved public acclaim with the publication in 1953 of The Silent World, an account of his submarine observations, illustrated by his own brilliant photography. The book was an immediate success and was translated into twenty-two languages. In 1955 Calypso sailed through the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean, and the outcome was a film bearing the same title as the book: it won an Oscar and the Palme d'Or at the Cannes film festival. This was his favoured medium for the expression of his ideas and observations, and a stream of films on the same theme kept his name before the public.Cousteau's fame earned him appointment by Prince Rainier as Director of the Oceanographie Institute in Monaco in 1957, a post he held until 1988. With its museum and research centre, it offered Cousteau a useful base for his worldwide activities.In the 1980s Cousteau turned again to technological development. Like others before him, he was concerned to reduce ships' fuel consumption by harnessing wind power. True to form, he raised grants from various sources to fund research and enlisted technical help, namely Lucien Malavard, Professor of Aerodynamics at the Sorbonne. Malavard designed a 44 ft (13.4 m) high non-rotating cylinder, which was fitted onto a catamaran hull, christened Moulin à vent. It was intended that its maiden Atlantic crossing in 1983 should herald a new age in ship propulsion, with large royalties to Cousteau. Unfortunately the vessel was damaged in a storm and limped to the USA under diesel power. A more robust vessel, the Alcyone, was fitted with two "Turbosails" in 1985 and proved successful, with a 40 per cent reduction in fuel consumption. However, oil prices fell, removing the incentive to fit the new device; the lucrative sales did not materialize and Alcyone remained the only vessel with Turbosails, sharing with Calypso Cousteau's voyages of adventure and exploration. In September 1995, Cousteau was among the critics of the decision by the French President Jacques Chirac to resume testing of nuclear explosive devices under the Mururoa atoll in the South Pacific.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur. Croix de Guerre with Palm. Officier du Mérite Maritime and numerous scientific and artistic awards listed in such directories as Who's Who.Bibliography1953, The Silent World.1972, The Ocean World of Jacques Cousteau, 21 vols.Further ReadingR.Munson, 1991, Cousteau, the Captain and His World, London: Robert Hale (published in the USA 1989).LRD
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См. также в других словарях:
Toulon — Toulon … Deutsch Wikipedia
TOULON — TOUL Troisième ville de la côte provençale après Marseille et Nice, Toulon est la première ville du département du Var: elle a, en effet, largement dépassé l’ancienne préfecture continentale, Draguignan. Elle occupe un trottoir littoral coupé de… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Toulon — [tu lɔ̃], Stadt in Südfrankreich, Verwaltungssitz des Départements Var, an einer Bucht des Mittelmeeres unterhalb des Kalkmassivs Mont Faron, 168 000 Einwohner (Agglomeration 438 000 Einwohner); Sitz des Bischofs von Fréjus Toulon; Universität… … Universal-Lexikon
TOULON — TOULON, port in the Var department, S.E. France. In the second half of the 13th century the Jews made up an appreciable proportion of the population of Toulon: at a general municipal assembly held in 1285, 11 of the 155 participants were Jews.… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Toulon — (spr. tulóng, T. sur Mer), Arrondissementshauptstadt im franz. Depart. Var, nächst Brest der wichtigste Kriegshafen Frankreichs und Festung ersten Ranges, liegt am Südfuße des Mont Faron (582 m) im Grunde der tiefen Bai von T. des… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Toulon — Toulon, IL U.S. city in Illinois Population (2000): 1400 Housing Units (2000): 601 Land area (2000): 0.888637 sq. miles (2.301560 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.888637 sq. miles (2.301560 sq.… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Toulon, IL — U.S. city in Illinois Population (2000): 1400 Housing Units (2000): 601 Land area (2000): 0.888637 sq. miles (2.301560 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.888637 sq. miles (2.301560 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Toulon — Lorsqu on le rencontre dans le Var, le nom désigne bien sûr celui qui est originaire de Toulon. Mais le toponyme est présent dans d autres régions, de même que le nom de famille. On peut le rattacher au terme prélatin tol (= source). En Anjou, il … Noms de famille
Toulon — (spr. Tulong), 1) (T. sur Mer), Arrondissement im französischen Departement Var; 24 QM., 127,900 Ew.; 2) Hauptstadt hier, an einer weiten Bucht des Mittelmeeres zwischen fruchtbaren Bergen; Kriegshafen (einer der größten u. sichersten von Europa) … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Toulon — (spr. tulóng), Stadt und Festung ersten Ranges im franz. Dep. Var, an der Bai von T. des Mittelländ. Meers, (1901) 101.602 E., neben Brest bedeutendster franz. Kriegshafen, Handelshafen und Hauptstation der franz. Mittelmeerflotte, Arsenal,… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Toulon — Toulon, Frankreichs granitenes Admiralschiff, das stolz im Departement des Var seine provençalische Fahne wehen läßt über das Mittelmeer, die nimmer ermüdende Amme seiner Seehelden, welche liebend einweiht Galliens Jugend in die Mysterien der… … Damen Conversations Lexikon