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The temple of Janus

  • 1 Janus

    Jānus, i, m. [root i, ire, prop. a going, a going through, passage; cf. janua], an old Italian deity. He was represented with a face on the front and another on the back of his head, Ov. F. 1, 245;

    hence, anceps,

    id. M. 14, 334. The month of January, Mensis Jani, Ov. F. 2, 51, was sacred to him, as were all other beginnings. The myth makes him a king of Latium or Etruria, where he hospitably received Saturn when expelled by Jupiter from Crete, Macr. S. 1, 7, 8, 9. He had a small temple in the Forum, with two doors opposite to each other, which in time of war stood open and in time of peace were shut;

    the temple was thrice closed on this account: in the time of Numa, after the first Punic war, and after the battle of Actium,

    Ov. F. 1, 281. With reference to his temple, the deity was called Janus geminus, or Janus Quirinus, Macr. S. 1, 9; Suet. Aug. 22; for which, poet.:

    Janus Quirini,

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 9.—Joined with pater:

    Januspater,

    Gell. 5, 12, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    The temple of Janus:

    Janum ad infimum Argiletum indicem pacis bellique fecit,

    Liv. 1, 19; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 1.—
    B.
    An arched passageway, covered passage, arcade:

    janos tres faciendos locavit,

    Liv. 41, 27; 2, 49; Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67; Suet. Aug. 31.—
    C.
    In partic., [p. 1013] Jani, four arched passages in the Roman Forum, where the merchants and moneychangers had their stand:

    qui Puteal Janumque timet, celeresque Calendas,

    Ov. R. Am. 561:

    haec Janus summus ab imo Prodocet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    postquam omnis res mea Janum Ad medium fracta est,

    id. S. 2, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 2, 25, 90; id. Phil. 6, 5, 15 al.—
    D.
    A year:

    vive, vale et totidem venturos congere Janos, quot, etc.,

    Aus. Ep. 20, 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Janus

  • 2 Quirinus

    1.
    Quĭrīnus, i, m. [from Quiris for Cures, a Sabine town;

    falsely derived from curim, a Sabine word, = hasta,

    Macr. S. 1, 9, 16; cf. Ov. F. 2, 475 sqq., or from curia, Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 357 sq.], a proper name.
    I.
    Of Romulus, after his deification: Quirine pater, veneror, Horamque Quirini, Enn. ap. Non. 120, 3 (Ann. v. 121 Vahl.); cf. Gell. 13, 22, 2:

    tertia (lux) dicta Quirino. Qui tenet hoc nomen, Romulus ante fuit. Sive quod hasta curis priscis est dicta Sabinis (Bellicus a telo venit in astra Deus): Sive suum regi nomen posuere Quirites: Seu quia Romanis junxerat ille Cures,

    Ov. F. 2, 475 sqq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 20:

    duos flamines adjecit. Marti unum, alterum Quirino,

    Liv. 1, 20:

    Remo cum fratre Quirinus,

    Verg. A. 1, 292;

    hence, populus Quirini,

    i. e. the Romans, Hor. C. 1, 2, 46:

    urbs Quirini,

    i. e. Rome, Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 37:

    turba Quirini,

    id. M. 14, 607.— Poet., transf.:

    gemini Quirini,

    i. e. Romulus and Remus, Juv. 11, 105. —
    II.
    Of Janus:

    Janum Quirinum semel atque iterum a conditā Urbe clausum,

    i. e. the temple of Janus, Suet. Aug. 22; August. in Monum. Ancyr. Macr. S. 1, 9; Serv. Verg. A. 7, 610; cf.:

    Janus Quirini,

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 9. —
    III.
    Of Augustus ( poet.), Verg. G. 3, 27.—
    IV.
    Of Antony ( poet.):

    altera classis erat tenero damnata Quirino,

    Prop. 4 (5), 6, 21.
    2.
    Quĭrīnus, a, um, adj. [1. Quirinus, I.], of or belonging to Quirinus, i. e. Romulus, Quirinal ( poet.):

    spolia ex umeris Quirinis (al. Quirini),

    Prop. 4 (5), 10, 11:

    collis,

    i. e. the Quirinal, Ov. M. 14, 836.—Hence, as subst.: Quĭrīna, q. v.—And hence, perh., subst., the poet. appellation Quirinus, given to Augustus and Antony, cited under 1. Quirinus.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Quirinus

  • 3 Iānus

        Iānus ī, m    [IA-], an old Italian deity, good of doors, passages, and entrances, of all beginnings, and of the month of January: anceps, with two faces, O.: bifrons, V.: Ianus Quirini, H.— The temple of Janus: ad infimum Argiletum, L.—An arched passage-way, covered passage, arcade: transitiones perviae Iani nominantur: dexter Ianus portae, Cs.—Esp., four arched passages in the Forum, the exchange for merchants and bankers: medius: summus, H.
    * * *
    arcade, covered passage

    Latin-English dictionary > Iānus

  • 4 Patulcius

    Pătulcĭus, a, um, adj. [pateo, standing open].
    I.
    A surname of Janus, because in time of war his temple stood open (opp. Clusius, q. v.), Ov. F. 1, 129; cf. Macr. S. 1, 129. This epithet was also applied to Jupiter and Juno, Inscr. Spon. Miscell. Ant. p. 81.—
    II.
    A Roman quœstor, a debtor of Cicero; hence, Pătulcĭānus, a, um, adj., of Patulcius:

    nomen Patulcianum,

    the debt of Patulcius, Cic. Att. 14, 18, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Patulcius

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