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1 Stourbridge clay
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2 Honesdale
Поселок [ borough] на северо-востоке штата Пенсильвания, в 40 км к северо-востоку от г. Скрантона. 3,8 тыс. жителей (2000). Административный центр [ county seat] округа Уэйн [Wayne County]. Обувная, трикотажная промышленность. В южном пригороде - аэропорт Черри-Ридж [Cherry Ridge Airport]. Основан в 1803. В XIX в. западный терминал канала Делавэр-Хадсон [ Delaware and Hudson Canal]. Назван в честь Ф. Хона [Hone, Philip], руководителя компании, строившей канал. В 1829 здесь состоялось первое в США испытание паровоза - "Стурбриджского льва" [Stourbridge Lion] привезли из Англии, чтобы использовать для транспортировки угля, но он оказался слишком тяжелым для уже проложенных рельсов; тем не менее, городок получил прозвище "Место рождения американской железной дороги" ["The Birthplace of the American Railroad"]. Среди достопримечательностей - главная улица [ Main Street], музей местного исторического общества [Wayne County Historical Society Museum]. Пользуются популярностью экскурсии по Стурбриджской железнодорожной ветке [Stourbridge Line Rail Excursion]. -
3 Wilkes, Maurice Vincent
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 26 June 1913 Stourbridge, Worcestershire, England[br]English physicist who was jointly responsible for the construction of the EDS AC computer.[br]Educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Stourbridge, where he began to make radio sets and read Wireless World, Wilkes went to St John's College, Cambridge, in 1931, graduating as a Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos in 1934. He then carried out research at the Cavendish Laboratory, becoming a demonstrator in 1937. During the Second World War he worked on radar, differential analysers and operational research at the Bawdsey Research Station and other air-defence establishments. In 1945 he returned to Cambridge as a lecturer and as Acting Director of the Mathematical (later Computer) Laboratory, serving as Director from 1946 to 1970.During the late 1940s, following visits to the USA for computer courses and to see the ENIAC computer, with the collaboration of colleagues he constructed the Cambridge University digital computer EDSAC (for Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer), using ultrasonic delay lines for data storage. In the mid-1950s a second machine, EDSAC2, was constructed using a magnetic-core memory. In 1965 he became Professor of Computer Technology. After retirement he worked for the Digital Electronic Corporation (DEC) from 1981 to 1986, serving also as Adjunct Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1981 to 1985. In 1990 he became a research strategy consultant to the Olivetti Research Directorate.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1956. First President, British Computer Society 1957–60. Honorary DSc Munich 1978, Bath 1987. Honorary DTech Linkoping 1975. FEng 1976. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1981.Bibliography1948, "The design of a practical high-speed computing machine", Proceedings of the Royal Society A195:274 (describes EDSAC).1949, Oscillation of the Earth's Atmosphere.1951, Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer, New York: Addison-Wesley.1956, Automatic Digital Computers, London: Methuen. 1966, A Short Introduction to Numerical Analysis.1968, Time-Sharing Computer Systems: McDonald \& Jane's.1979, The Cambridge CAP Computer and its Operating System: H.Holland.1985, Memoirs of a Computer Pioneer, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (autobiography).Further ReadingB.Randell (ed.), 1973, The Origins of Digital Computers, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.KFBiographical history of technology > Wilkes, Maurice Vincent
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4 Allen, Horatio
[br]b. 10 May 1802 Schenectady, New York, USAd. 1 January 1890 South Orange, New Jersey, USA[br]American engineer, pioneer of steam locomotives.[br]Allen was the Resident Engineer for construction of the Delaware \& Hudson Canal and in 1828 was instructed by J.B. Jervis to visit England to purchase locomotives for the canal's rail extension. He drove the locomotive Stourbridge Lion, built by J.U. Rastrick, on its first trial on 9 August 1829, but weak track prevented its regular use.Allen was present at the Rainhill Trials on the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in October 1829. So was E.L.Miller, one of the promoters of the South Carolina Canal \& Rail Road Company, to which Allen was appointed Chief Engineer that autumn. Allen was influential in introducing locomotives to this railway, and the West Point Foundry built a locomotive for it to his design; it was the first locomotive built in the USA for sale. This locomotive, which bore some resemblance to Novelty, built for Rainhill by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, was named Best Friend of Charleston. On Christmas Day 1830 it hauled the first scheduled steam train to run in America, carrying 141 passengers.In 1832 the West Point Foundry built four double-ended, articulated 2–2–0+0–2–2 locomotives to Horatio Allen's design for the South Carolina railroad. From each end of a central firebox extended two boiler barrels side by side with common smokeboxes and chimneys; wheels were mounted on swivelling sub-frames, one at each end, beneath these boilers. Allen's principal object was to produce a powerful locomotive with a light axle loading.Allen subsequently became a partner in Stillman, Allen \& Co. of New York, builders of marine engines, and in 1843 was President of the Erie Railroad.[br]Further ReadingJ.Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.Dictionary of American Biography.R.E.Carlson, 1969, The Liverpool \& Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.J.H.White Jr, 1994, "Old debts and new visions", in Common Roots—Separate Branches, London: Science Museum, 79–82.PJGR -
5 Jervis, John Bloomfield
[br]b. 14 December 1795 Huntingdon, New York, USAd. 12 January 1885 Rome, New York, USA[br]American pioneer of civil engineering and locomotive design.[br]Jervis assisted in the survey and construction of the Erie Canal, and by 1827 was Chief Engineer of the Delaware \& Hudson Canal and, linked with it, the Carbondale Railroad. He instructed Horatio Allen to go to England to purchase locomotives in 1828, and the locomotive Stourbridge Lion, built by J.U. Rastrick, was placed on the railway in 1829. It was the first full-size locomotive to run in America, but the track proved too weak for it to be used regularly. In 1830 Jervis became Chief Engineer to the Mohawk \& Hudson Rail Road, which was the first railway in New York State and was opened the following year. In 1832 the 4–2–0 locomotive Experiment was built to his plans by West Point Foundry: it was the first locomotive to have a leading bogie or truck. Jervis was subsequently associated with many other extensive canals and railways and pioneered economic analysis of engineering problems to enable, for example, the best choice to be made between two possible routes for a railroad.[br]Bibliography1861, Railway Property, New York.Further ReadingJ.H.White Jr, 1979, A History of the American Locomotive-Its Development: 1830–1880, New York: Dover Publications Inc.J.K.Finch, 1931, "John Bloomfield Jervis, civil engineer", Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 11.PJGRBiographical history of technology > Jervis, John Bloomfield
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6 Rastrick, John Urpeth
[br]b. 26 January 1780 Morpeth, Englandd. 1 November 1856 Chertsey, England[br]English engineer whose career spanned the formative years of steam railways, from constructing some of the earliest locomotives to building great trunk lines.[br]John Urpeth Rastrick, son of an engineer, was initially articled to his father and then moved to Ketley Ironworks, Shropshire, c. 1801. In 1808 he entered into a partnership with John Hazledine at Bridgnorth, Shropshire: Hazledine and Rastrick built many steam engines to the designs of Richard Trevithick, including the demonstration locomotive Catch-Me-Who-Can. The firm also built iron bridges, notably the bridge over the River Wye at Chepstow in 1815–16.Between 1822 and 1826 the Stratford \& Moreton Railway was built under Rastrick's direction. Malleable iron rails were laid, in one of the first instances of their use. They were supplied by James Foster of Stourbridge, with whom Rastrick went into partnership after the death of Hazledine. In 1825 Rastrick was one of a team of engineers sent by the committee of the proposed Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) to carry out trials of locomotives built by George Stephenson on the Killingworth Waggonway. Early in 1829 the directors of the L \& MR, which was by then under construction, sent Rastrick and James Walker to inspect railways in North East England and report on the relative merits of steam locomotives and fixed engines with cable haulage. They reported, rather hesitantly, in favour of the latter, particularly the reciprocal system of Benjamin Thompson. In consequence the Rainhill Trials, at which Rastrick was one of the judges, were held that October. In 1829 Rastrick constructed the Shutt End colliery railway in Worcestershire, for which Foster and Rastrick built the locomotive Agenoria; this survives in the National Railway Museum. Three similar locomotives were built to the order of Horatio Allen for export to the USA.From then until he retired in 1847 Rastrick found ample employment surveying railways, appearing as a witness before Parliamentary committees, and supervising construction. Principally, he surveyed the southern part of the Grand Junction Railway, which was built for the most part by Joseph Locke, and the line from Manchester to Crewe which was eventually built as the Manchester \& Birmingham Railway. The London \& Brighton Railway (Croydon to Brighton) was his great achievement: built under Rastrick's supervision between 1836 and 1840, it included three long tunnels and the magnificent Ouse Viaduct. In 1845 he was Engineer to the Gravesend \& Rochester Railway, the track of which was laid through the Thames \& Medway Canal's Strood Tunnel, partly on the towpath and partly on a continuous staging over the water.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1837.Bibliography1829, with Walker, Report…on the Comparative Merits of Locomotive and Fixed Engines, Liverpool.Further ReadingC.F.Dendy Marshall, 1953, A History of Railway Locomotives Down to the End of the Year 1831, The Locomotive Publishing Co.R.E.Carlson, 1969, The Liverpool \& Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.C.Hadfield and J.Norris, 1962, Waterways to Stratford, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles (covers Stratford and Moreton Railway).See also: Stephenson, RobertPJGR
См. также в других словарях:
Stourbridge — (spr. Staurbridsch), 1) Marktflecken in der englischen Grafschaft Worcester, am Stour u. an der Eisenbahn von Gloucester nach Wolverhampton, Eisenwerke, Fabrikation von Glas (bes. Spiegelglas), Thonwaaren u. Wollwaaren, Handel mit Tuch u. Käse;… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Stourbridge — (spr. ßtūr brĭdsch), Stadt im nördlichen Worcestershire (England), am Stour, hat eine Kornbörse, Lateinschule, Kunstschule, bedeutende Fabrikation von Glas und Glaswaren, Töpferwaren, feuerfesten Ziegeln und Schmelztiegeln, Pergament, Eisenwerke… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Stourbridge — (spr. stöhrbrĭdsch), Fabrikstadt in der engl. Grafsch. Worcester, am Stour, (1901) 16.302 E … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Stourbridge — [ staʊəbrɪdʒ], Industriestadt in der Metropolitan County West Midlands, England, westlich von Birmingham, 55 600 Einwohner; Glasindustrie, Maschinenbau. … Universal-Lexikon
Stourbridge — infobox UK place country = England official name= Stourbridge latitude= 52.4575 longitude= 2.1479 map type= West Midlands population = 54,661 (1991 Census) population density= metropolitan borough= Dudley metropolitan county = West Midlands… … Wikipedia
Stourbridge — 52.456388888889 2.1475 Koordinaten: 52° 27′ N, 2° 9′ W … Deutsch Wikipedia
Stourbridge R.F.C. — Rugby team teamname = Stourbridge imagesize = union = RFU fullname = Stourbridge Rugby Football Club nickname = shortname = country countryflagvar = rugby founded = 1876 region = Midlands ground = Stourton Park capacity = chairman = ceo =… … Wikipedia
Stourbridge F.C. — Football club infobox clubname = Stourbridge fullname = Stourbridge Football Club nickname = The Glassboys founded = 1876 (as Stourbridge Standard) ground = War Memorial Athletic Ground, Amblecote capacity = 1,250 chairman = Stephen Hyde manager … Wikipedia
Stourbridge — Original name in latin Stourbridge Name in other language Stauerbridz, Stauerbridzas, Stauerbridas, Stourbridge, Stourbridzh, astawrbryj, s tea r bridc, Стауербриџ, Стоурбридж State code GB Continent/City Europe/London longitude 52.45608 latitude … Cities with a population over 1000 database
Stourbridge fair — was an annual fair held on Stourbridge Common in Cambridge, England. At its peak it was the largest fair in Europe and was the inspiration for Bunyan s Vanity Fair . [ The Festival Theatre, Cambridge , The Independent, January 17, 1995] [cite… … Wikipedia
Stourbridge College — is a further education college situated in Stourbridge, West Midlands, England.The main campus, built during the 1970s, is situated south of the town centre on Hagley Road. A second campus opened in 1990 within the buildings of Longlands School… … Wikipedia
