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1 Shelburne
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2 Vermont
[vǝrˊmont] Вермонт, штат на Северо-Востоке США, на границе с Канадой; единственный штат Новой Англии, не имеющий выхода к Атлантическому океану <фр. vert mont зелёная гора; находящиеся в штате горы носят назв. Грин- МаунтинсЗелёные горы [Green Mountains]>. Сокращение: VT. Прозвища: «штат Зелёных гор» [Green Mountain State], «штат сахарного клёна» [*Maple-Sugar State]. Житель штата: вермонтец [Vermonter]. Столица: г. Монтпильер [Montpelier]. Девиз штата: «Вермонт, свобода и единство» [*‘Vermont, Freedom and Unity’]. Песня штата: «Привет тебе, Вермонт» [*Hail Vermont]. Цветок штата: красный клевер [red clover]. Дерево штата: клён сахарный [sugar maple]. Птица штата: пёстрый американский дрозд [*hermit thrush]. Насекомое: пчела [honeybee]. Животное: лошадь Моргана [Morgan horse]. Площадь: 23956 кв. км. (9,249 sq. mi.) (45- е место). Население: 563 тыс. (48- е место). Экономика. Основные отрасли: туризм, машиностроение, сельское хозяйство, торговля, финансы, страховой бизнес, операции с недвижимостью, обслуживание государственных объектов. Основная продукция: станки, мебель, весы, книги, компоненты компьютеров. Сельское хозяйство. Основная продукция: молочная продукция, кленовый сироп, яблоки, кукуруза на силос, сено. Животноводство (1989): скота — 320 тыс., свиней — 5,1 тыс., овец — 20456, птицы — 406 тыс. Лесное хозяйство: сосна, ель, др. хвойные породы. Минералы: асбест, строительный и облицовочный камень, тальк, слюда. История. В 1609 озеро, носящее теперь его имя, исследовал Шамплейн [Champlain]. Первым англоязычным поселением (1724) был форт Даммер [Ft. Dummer] возле Браттлборо [Brattleboro]. Во время Войны за независимость в 1775 Итан Аллен [Allen, Ethan] с отрядом «ребят с Зелёных гор» [Green Mountains Boys] захватил форт Тикондерога [Ft. Ticonderoga], Джон Старк [Stark, John] разгромил часть войск ген. Бергойна [Burgoyne] под Беннингтоном [Bennington] в 1777. Во время войны с Англией, начавшейся в 1812, Томас Макдоноу [MacDonough, Thomas] разгромил английский флот на оз. Шамплейн возле Платсбурга в 1814. Достопримечательности: Национальный парк «Зелёные горы» [Green Mountain National Forest], многочисленные туристические и лыжные базы. Популярностью пользуются: Музей Шелбёрн [Shelburne Museum], туристический центр «Рок-ов-Эйджес» [Rock of Ages Tourist Center] в Гранитвилле, выставка вермонтского мрамора в Прокторе [Proktor], мемориал, посвящённый сражению под Беннингтоном [Bennington Battle Monument], поместье Калвина Кулиджа [Calvin Coolidge Homestead] в Плимуте, Музей кленового сахара в Кленовой роще [Maple Grove] в Сейнт-Джонсбери [St. Johnsbury]. Знаменитые вермонтцы: Артур, Честер [Arthur, Chester], 21-й президент США; Кулидж, Калвин [*Coolidge, Calvin], 30-й президент США; Дьюи, Джордж [*Dewey, George], адмирал, разгромивший испанский флот в 1898 во время испано-американской войны; Фишер, Дороти Кэнфилд [*Fisher, Dorothy Canfield], писательница; Фиск, Джеймс [*Fisk, James], финансист. Ассоциации: «штат кленового сахара» [*Maple Sugar State], исторически ассоциируется с «парнями с Зелёных гор» [Green Mountains Boys], сражением на оз. Шамплейн [Lake Champlain], тихими городками, затерявшимися между Зелёных гор ( кинофильм *‘Sound of Music, The’); в Стоу [Stowe] находятся известный в США отель, конезавод и выставка-аукцион произведений искусства, принадлежащие семье Ван-Траппов [Van Trappe] -
3 McKay, Donald
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 4 September 1810 Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Canadad. 20 September 1880 Hamilton, Massachusetts, USA[br]American shipbuilder of Western Ocean packets and clippers.[br]Of Scottish stock, McKay was the son of a farmer and the grandson of a loyalist officer who had left the United States after the War of Independence. After some elementary shipwright training in Nova Scotia, McKay travelled to New York to apprentice to the great American shipbuilder Isaac Webb, then building some of the outstanding ships of the nineteenth century. At the age of 21 and a fully fledged journeyman, McKay again set out and worked in various shipyards before joining William Currier in 1841 to establish a yard in Newburyport, Massachusetts. He moved on again in 1843 to form another venture, the yard of McKay and Pickett in the same locality.In 1844 McKay came to know Enoch Train of Boston, then proprietor of a fleet of fast clipper ships on the US A-to-Liverpool run. He persuaded McKay to set out on his own and promised to support him with orders for ships. The partnership with Pickett was dissolved amicably and Donald McKay opened the yard in East Boston, from which some of the world's fastest ships were to be launched. McKay's natural ability as a shipwright had been enhanced by the study of mathematics and engineering drawing, something he had learned from his wife Albenia Boole, the daughter of another shipbuilder. He was not too proud to learn from other masters on the East Coast such as William H.Webb and John Willis Griffiths. The first ships from East Boston included the Washington Irvine of 1845 and the Anglo Saxon of 1846; they were well built and had especially comfortable emigrant accommodation. However, faster ships were to follow, almost all three-masted, fully rigged ships with very fine or "extreme" lines, including the Flying Cloud for the Californian gold rush of 1851, the four-masted barque Great Republic; then, c. 1854, the Lightning was ordered by James Baines of Liverpool for his Black Ball Line. The Lightning holds to this day the speed record for a square-rigged ship's daily run. As the years passed the shipbuilding scene changed, and while McKay's did build some iron ships for the US Navy, they became much less profitable and in 1875 the yard closed down, with McKay retiring to take up farming.[br]Further ReadingFrank C.Bowen, 1952, "Shipbuilders of other days, Donald McKay of Boston",Shipbuilding and Shipping Record (18 September).FMW -
4 Yale, Linus Jr
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 4 April 1821 Salisbury, New York, USAd. 25 December 1868 New York City, USA[br]American locksmith, inventor of the Yale pin-tumbler cylinder lock.[br]The son of a locksmith, Linus Yale Jr set out to become a portrait painter but gave this up in the 1840s to embark on the same profession as his father. He opened a shop of his own at Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts; his first products were keyoperated bank locks. The Great Exhibition of 1851 in London convinced him that any lock could be picked by someone with the necessary skill; he then turned his attention to the design of combination locks, designing the first doubledial bank lock in 1863. In 1868 he formed a partnership with John Henry Towne and his son Henry Robinson Towne to form the Yale Lock Manufacturing Company in Stamford, Connecticut, to make a patented key lock which incorporated a series of pin tumblers inside a cylinder. The principle of the pin-tumbler mechanism could be traced back to ancient Egypt; in Yale's cylinder lock, the serrations of the correct key raised the pin tumblers to the height at which the cylinder could turn, withdrawing the bolt. These cylinder locks made possible the use of smaller keys and became the foundation of the modern lock industry. Yale died soon after forming his partnership with the Townes.[br]Further ReadingJ.J.Fucini and S.Fucini, 1985, Entrepreneurs, Boston: C.K.Hall \& Co.IMcN
См. также в других словарях:
Shelburne — ist der Name mehrerer Orte in Kanada: Shelburne (Nova Scotia) Shelburne (Ontario) Shelburne ist der Name mehrerer Orte in den USA: Shelburne (Massachusetts) Shelburne (New Hampshire) Shelburne (Vermont) Shelburne ist ein Titel: Earl of Shelburne … Deutsch Wikipedia
Shelburne — may refer to:People* Marquess of Lansdowne * William Petty, 2nd Earl of ShelburnePlacesIn Canada: * Shelburne, Nova Scotia * Shelburne County, Nova Scotia * Shelburne, OntarioIn the United States: * Shelburne, Massachusetts * Shelburne, New… … Wikipedia
Shelburne [1] — Shelburne (spr. Schelborn), 1) Grafschaft in der Provinz Neuschottland (Britisches Nordamerika); 2) Hauptstadt darin, College; 2000 Ew.; 3) mehre kleine Orte in verschiedenen der Vereinigten Staaten … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Shelburne [2] — Shelburne, Graf von S., so v.w. Landsdown 2) … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Shelburne — (spr. schéllbörn), William Petty, Graf von, s. Lansdowne … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Shelburne — (spr. schéllbörrn), Graf, s. Lansdowne … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Shelburne — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Shelburne peut se référer à : Toponyme Shelburne, une ville canadienne de Nouvelle Écosse. Le comté de Shelburne, un comté canadien situé en Nouvelle … Wikipédia en Français
Shelburne — 1 Original name in latin Shelburne Name in other language State code CA Continent/City America/Halifax longitude 43.76686 latitude 65.31552 altitude 26 Population 1939 Date 2008 04 11 2 Original name in latin Shelburne Name in other language… … Cities with a population over 1000 database
Shelburne (Nova Scotia) — Shelburne Lage in Nova Scotia … Deutsch Wikipedia
Shelburne, Nova Scotia — Shelburne is a town located in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. It is the shire town of Shelburne County.HistoryShelburne lies at the southwest corner of Nova Scotia, at roughly the same latitude as Portland, Maine. The early settlers had small… … Wikipedia
Shelburne, Nova Scotia (municipal district) — Shelburne Municipal district … Wikipedia
