-
1 Rawcliffe, Gordon Hindle
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 2 June 1910 Sheffield, Englandd. 3 September 1979 Bristol, England[br]English scientist and inventor of the multi-speed induction motor using the pole amplitude modulation principle.[br]After graduating from Keble College, Oxford, Rawcliffe joined the Metropolitan Vickers Electrical Company in 1932 as a college apprentice, and later became a design engineer. This was followed by a period as a lecturer at Liverpool University, where he was able to extend his knowledge of the principles underlying the design and operation of electrical machines. In 1941 he became Head of the Electrical Engineering Department at the Robert Gordon Technical College, Aberdeen, and Lecturer in charge of Electrical Engineering at Aberdeen University. In 1944 Rawcliffe was appointed to the Chair of Electrical Engineering at the University of Bristol, where he remained until his retirement in 1975. The reputation of his department was enhanced by the colleagues he recruited.After 1954 he began research into polyphase windings, the basis of alternating-current machinery, and published papers concerned with the dual problems of frequency changing and pole changing. The result of this research was the discovery in 1957 of a technique for making squirrel-cage induction motors run at more than one speed. By reversing current in one part of the winding, the pole distribution and number were changed, and with it the speed of rotation.Rawcliffe's name became synonymous with pole amplitude modulation, or PAM, the name given to this technique. Described by Rawcliffe as a new philosophy of windings, the technique led to a series of research papers, patents and licensing agreements in addition to consultancies to advise on application problems. Commercial exploitation of the new idea throughout Western Europe, the United Kingdom and the United States followed. In total he contributed twentyfive papers to the Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers and some sixty British patent applications were filed.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1972. Royal Society S.G.Brown Medal 1978.Bibliography21 August 1958, British patent no. 900,600 (pole amplitude modulation).1958, with R.F.Burbridge and W.Fong, "Induction motor speed changing by pole amplitude modulation", Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 105 (Part A): 411–19 (the first description of pole amplitude modulation).Further ReadingBiographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 1981, Vol. XXVII, London, pp. 479–503 (includes lists of Rawcliffe's patents and principal papers published).GWBiographical history of technology > Rawcliffe, Gordon Hindle
-
2 Electricity
-
3 Grove, Sir William Robert
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 11 July 1811 Swansea, Walesd. 1 August 1896 London, England[br]Welsh chemist and physicist, inventor of the Grove electrochemical primary cell.[br]After education at Brasenose College, Oxford, Grove was called to the Bar in 1835. Instead of immediately practising, he became involved in electrical research, devising in 1839 the cell that bears his name. He became Professor of Experimental Philosophy at the London Institution from 1840 to 1845; it was during this period that he built up his high reputation among physicists. In 1846 he published On the Correlation of Physical Forces, which was based on a course of his lectures. He returned to the practice of law, becoming a judge in 1871, but retained his interest in scientific research during his sixteen-year occupancy of the Bench. He served as a member of the Council of the Royal Society in 1846 and 1847 and played a leading part in its reform. Contributing to the science of electrochemistry, he invented the Grove cell, which together with its modification by Bunsen became an important source of electrical energy during the middle of the nineteenth century, before mechanically driven generators became available. The Grove cell had a platinum electrode immersed in strong nitric acid, separated by a porous diaphragm from a zinc electrode in weak sulphuric acid. The hydrogen formed at the platinum electrode was immediately oxidized by the acid, turning it into water. This avoided the polarization which occurred in the early copper-zinc cells. It was a very powerful primary cell with a high voltage and a low internal resistance, but it produced objectionable fumes. Grove also invented his "gas battery", the earliest fuel cell, in which a current resulted from the chemical energy released from combining oxygen and hydrogen. This was developed by Rawcliffe and others, and found applications as a power source in manned spacecraft.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1872. FRS 1840. Fellow of the Chemistry Society 1841. Royal Society Royal Medal 1847.Bibliography1846, On the Correlation of Physical Forces, London; 1874, 6th edn, with reprints of many of Grove's papers (his only book, an early view on the conservation of energy).1839, "On a small voltaic battery of great energy", Philosophical Magazine 15:287–93 (his account of his cell).Further ReadingObituary, 1896, Electrician 37:483–4.K.R.Webb, 1961, "Sir William Robert Grove (1811–1896) and the origin of the fuel cell", Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry 85: 291–3 (for the present-day significance of Grove's experiments).C.C.Gillispie (ed.), 1972, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. V, New York, pp. 559–61.GWBiographical history of technology > Grove, Sir William Robert
См. также в других словарях:
Rawcliffe — can refer to several places in England:*Rawcliffe, East Riding of Yorkshire **location of Rawcliffe railway station *Rawcliffe Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire *Rawcliffe, York, a village located in the City of York See also *Out Rawcliffe… … Wikipedia
Rawcliffe — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Derek Rawcliffe (1921–2011), Bischof der Scottish Episcopal Church in der Anglikanischen Kirchengemeinschaft Gordon Hindle Rawcliffe (1910–1979), britischer Elektroingenieur und Hochschullehrer Diese Seite … Deutsch Wikipedia
Rawcliffe — This is a topographical name of Olde English origins which derives from Reade Clif meaning The Red Cliff . In the 9th Century the Reade was Vikingised to the Scandanavian Ravor , although the meaning is the same, and hence the modern spelling.… … Surnames reference
Rawcliffe — Original name in latin Rawcliffe Name in other language State code GB Continent/City Europe/London longitude 53.68333 latitude 0.95 altitude 4 Population 0 Date 2011 07 31 … Cities with a population over 1000 database
Rawcliffe, York — Rawcliffe is a village and civil parish in the city of York district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies on the A19, about three miles north west of York between Skelton and Clifton Without.According to the 2001 census the parish had a… … Wikipedia
Rawcliffe, East Riding of Yorkshire — infobox UK place country = England latitude = 53.699718 longitude = 0.965053 official name = Rawcliffe population = 2,087 (2001 census) civil parish = Rawcliffe unitary england = East Riding of Yorkshire region = Yorkshire and the Humber… … Wikipedia
Rawcliffe Bridge — infobox UK place country = England latitude = 53.682934 longitude = 0.941103 official name = Rawcliffe Bridge population = civil parish = Rawcliffe unitary england = East Riding of Yorkshire region = Yorkshire and the Humber lieutenancy england … Wikipedia
Rawcliffe railway station — Infobox UK station name = Rawcliffe code = RWC manager = Northern Rail locale = Rawcliffe borough = East Riding of Yorkshire start = platforms = 1 lowusage0405 = 631 lowusage0506 = 530 lowusage0607 = 802 latitude = 53.68902 longitude = 0.95900… … Wikipedia
Derek Rawcliffe — (* 8. Juli 1921 in Manchester; † 1. Februar 2011 in Leeds) war ein britischer anglikanischer Theologe. Er war Bischof der Scottish Episcopal Church in der Anglikanischen Kirchengemeinschaft. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Privates … Deutsch Wikipedia
Out Rawcliffe — ‹ The template below (Infobox England and Wales civil parish) is being deleted. See templates for discussion for the discussion that led to this result. › Out Rawcliffe Civil parish Status: Parish … Wikipedia
Newton-on-Rawcliffe — Coordinates: 54°18′11″N 0°45′16″W / 54.30316°N 0.75439°W / 54.30316; 0.75439 … Wikipedia