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1 Pollio, Vitruvius
See: Vitruvius Pollio -
2 Vitruvius Pollio
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. early first century BCd. c. 25 BC[br]Roman writer on architecture and engineering subjects.[br]Nothing is known of Vitruvius apart from what can be gleaned from his only known work, the treatise De architectura. He seems to have been employed in some capacity by Julius Caesar and continued to serve under his heir, Octavianus, later Emperor Augustus, to whom he dedicated his book. It was written towards the end of his life, after Octavianus became undisputed ruler of the Empire by his victory at Actium in 31 BC, and was based partly on his own experience and partly on earlier, Hellenistic, writers.The De architectura is divided into ten books. The first seven books expound the general principles of architecture and the planning, design and construction of various types of building, public and domestic, including a consideration of techniques and materials. Book 7 deals with interior decoration, including stucco work and painting, while Book 8 treats water supply, from the location of sources to the transport of water by aqueducts, tunnels and pipes. Book 9, after a long and somewhat confused account of the astronomical theories of the day, describes various forms of clock and sundial. Finally, Book 10 deals with mechanical devices for handling building materials and raising and pumping water, for which Vitruvius draws on the earlier Greek authors Ctesibius and Hero.Although this may seem a motley assembly of subjects, to the Roman architect and builder it was a logical compendium of the subjects he was expected to know about. At the time, Vitruvius' rigid rules for the design of buildings such as temples seem to have had little influence, but his accounts of more practical matters of building materials and techniques were widely used. His illustrations to the original work were lost in antiquity, for no later manuscript includes them. Through the Middle Ages, manuscript copies were made in monastic scriptoria, although the architectural style in vogue had little relevance to those in Vitruvius: these came into their own with the Italian Renaissance. Alberti, writing the first great Renaissance treatise on architecture from 1452 to 1467, drew heavily on De architectura; those who sought to revive the styles of antiquity were bound to regard the only surviving text on the subject as authoritative. The appearance of the first printed edition in 1486 only served to extend its influence.During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Vitruvius was used as a handbook for constructing machines and instruments. For the modern historian of technology and architecture the work is a source of prime importance, although it must be remembered that the illustrations in the early printed editions are of contemporary reproductions of ancient devices using the techniques of the time, rather than authentic representations of ancient technology.[br]BibliographyOf the several critical editions of De architectura there are the Teubner edition, 1899. ed. V.Rose, Leipzig; the Loeb Classical Library edition, 1962, ed. F.Granger, London: Heinemann, (with English trans. and notes); and the Collection Guillaume Budé with French trans. and full commentary, 10 vols, Paris (in progress).Further ReadingApart from the notes to the printed editions, see also: H.Plommer, 1973, Vitruvius and Later Roman Building Manuals, London. A.G.Drachmann, 1963, The Mechanical Technology of Greek and Roman Antiquity Copenhagen and London.S.L.Gibbs, 1976, Greek and Roman Sundials, New Haven and London.LRD -
3 Architecture and building
Biographical history of technology > Architecture and building
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Pollio — was a Roman name. It may refer to:*Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC), the historian and orator *Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul AD 23), grandson of the preceding *Vedius Pollio (c. 15 BC), equestrian friend of Augustus * Marcus Vitruvius Pollio… … Wikipedia
Pollio — ist ein römisches Cognomen, das zuerst bei den Asinii, später auch bei anderen Familien vorkam. Bekannte Namensträger sind: Gaius Asinius Pollio (* 76 v. Chr.; † 5), römischer Politiker, Redner, Dichter und Geschichtsschreiber; Marcus Vitruvius… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Pollĭo — Pollĭo, 1) Cajus Asinius P., geb. 76 v. Chr.; stand im Bürgerkriege auf der Seite des Jul. Cäsar u. kämpfte unter Curio in Numidien gegen Juba, dânu bei Pharsalos, in Afrika u. Spanien; nach Cäsars Ermordung gedachte er erst zu den Republikanern… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Pollĭo — Pollĭo, röm. Feldherr, s. Asinius … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Pollio — Pollĭo, Gajus Asinius, röm. Redner und Schriftsteller, geb. 75 v.Chr. Anhänger Cäsars, 40 v.Chr. Konsul, gest. 6 n.Chr.; von seinen Schriften nur Bruchstücke vorhanden. – Vgl. Jacob (1852), Aulard (lat., 1877), Kornemann (1897) … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Pollio — Pollio, Cajus Asinius, geb. 75 v. Chr., vornehmer Römer, begleitete die höchsten Ehrenämter, war Freund des Augustus, ein Mann von wissenschaftlicher Bildung, schriftstellerisch thätig, gleich Mäcenas ein Gönner des Horaz u. Virgil. Sein… … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Pollio, S. (3) — 3S. Pollio M. (28. al. 27. April). Der Schauplatz, auf welchem dieser hl. Martyrer das Zeugniß für Jesus Christus mit seinem Blute besiegelte, war die längst zerstörte Stadt Cibalä am See Hiulces in Unter Pannonien. An ihrer Stelle steht jetzt… … Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon
POLLIO — I. POLLIO Grammaticus, inter Praeceptores M. Antonini Philosophi memoratur Iul. Capitolino in Vita huius, c. 2. Usus praeterea Grammaticis, Graecô, Alexandrô: quottidianis Latinis, Trosiô Aprô et Pollione, et Eutychiô proculô Siccensi. Ad quae… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Pollio, S. (1) — 1S. Pollio (17. März), ein Martyrer zu Rom. S. S. Alexander25. (II. 511.) … Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon
Pollio, S. (2) — 2S. Pollio (26. April), ein Martyrer in Afrika. S. S. Julius18. (III. 415.) … Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon
Pollio — Pọllio, Gaius Asinius, römischer Staatsmann und Schriftsteller, Asinius Pollio, Gaius. … Universal-Lexikon