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1 Paxton
n. Paxton, familienaam -
2 Paxton
◙ n. פקסטון, שם משפחה* * *◙ החפשמ םש,ןוטסקפ◄ -
3 Paxton
Пакстон (США, шт. Иллинойс) -
4 paxton
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5 Paxton, Sir Joseph
[br]b. 3 August 1801 Milton Bryant, Bedfordshire, Englandd. 8 June 1865 Sydenham, London, England[br]English designer of the Crystal Palace, the first large-scale prefabricated ferrovitreous structure.[br]The son of a farmer, he had worked in gardens since boyhood and at the age of 21 was employed as Undergardener at the Horticultural Society Gardens in Chiswick, from where he went on to become Head Gardener for the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth. It was there that he developed his methods of glasshouse construction, culminating in the Great Conservatory of 1836–40, an immense structure some 277 ft (84.4 m) long, 123 ft (37.5 m) wide and 67 ft (20.4 m) high. Its framework was of iron and its roof of glass, with wood to contain the glass panels; it is now demolished. Paxton went on to landscape garden design, fountain and waterway engineering, the laying out of the model village of Edensor, and to play a part in railway and country house projects.The structure that made Paxton a household name was erected in Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851 and was aptly dubbed, by Punch, the Crystal Palace. The idea of holding an international exhibition for industry had been mooted in 1849 and was backed by Prince Albert and Henry Cole. The money for this was to be raised by public subscription and 245 designs were entered into a competition held in 1850; however, most of the concepts, received from many notable architects and engineers, were very costly and unsuitable, and none were accepted. That same year, Paxton published his scheme in the Illustrated London News and it was approved after it received over-whelming public support.Paxton's Crystal Palace, designed and erected in association with the engineers Fox and Henderson, was a prefabricated glasshouse of vast dimensions: it was 1,848 ft (563.3 m) long, 408 ft (124.4 m) wide and over 100 ft (30.5 m) high. It contained 3,300 iron columns, 2,150 girders. 24 miles (39 km) of guttering, 600,000 ft3 (17,000 m3) of timber and 900,000 ft2 (84,000 m) of sheet glass made by Chance Bros, of Birmingham. One of the chief reasons why it was accepted by the Royal Commission Committee was that it fulfilled the competition proviso that it should be capable of being erected quickly and subsequently dismantled and re-erected elsewhere. The Crystal Palace was to be erected at a cost of £79,800, much less than the other designs. Building began on 30 July 1850, with a labour force of some 2,000, and was completed on 31 March 1851. It was a landmark in construction at the time, for its size, speed of construction and its non-eclectic design, and, most of all, as the first great prefabricated building: parts were standardized and made in quantity, and were assembled on site. The exhibition was opened by Queen Victoria on 1 May 1851 and had received six million visitors when it closed on 11 October. The building was dismantled in 1852 and reassembled, with variations in design, at Sydenham in south London, where it remained until its spectacular conflagration in 1936.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1851. MP for Coventry 1854–65. Fellow Linnaean Society 1853; Horticultural Society 1826. Order of St Vladimir, Russia, 1844.Further ReadingP.Beaver, 1986, The Crystal Palace: A Portrait of Victorian Enterprise, Phillimore. George F.Chadwick, 1961, Works of Sir Joseph Paxton 1803–1865, Architectural Press.DY -
6 Paxton's disease
s.enfermedad de Paxton, tiña nudosa, tricorrexis nudosa. -
7 Paxton's disease
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8 Paxton Boys' March
истПоход фермеров из западных пограничных округов Пенсильвании в 1764 против колониальных властей в Филадельфии. Высланные навстречу им парламентарии обещали уступки в налогах и уговорили фермеров вернуться назадEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Paxton Boys' March
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9 Bill Paxton
n. Bill Paxton, (geboren 1955) Amerikaanse acteur die in 1996 in de film "Twister" speelde met actrice Helene Hunt -
10 Bill Paxton
◙ n. ביל פקסטון (יליד 1945), שחקן אמריקאי שכיכב בסרט "טוויסטר" משנת 1996 ביחד עם הלן האנט* * *◙ טנאה ןלה םע דחיב 6991 תנשמ "רטסיווט" טרסב בכיכש יאקירמא ןקחש,(5491 דילי) ןוטסקפ ליב◄ -
11 twister
n. 1996 film geregisseerd door Jan de Bont (met hoofdrolspelers Helen Hunt en Bill Paxton)[ twistə]3 moeilijk karweitje/probleem -
12 certain as preaching
амер.; разг.наверняка, дело верное; ≈ как пить датьTo the latter (a Southerner) drawing his comparison from his idolized rifle, a thing is "as sure as shooting", while to the former (a Yankee) more pious or more hypocritical, it is "as sartin [= certain] as preaching". (P. Paxton, ‘A Stray Yankee in Texas’, DAE) — Второй (южанин), для которого ружье было священным предметом, любил говорить: "Дело верное, как меткий выстрел"; первый (северянин), человек более набожный, а может, больший ханжа, говорил обычно: "Дело верное, как проповедь".
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13 butterfish, blue-finned
—1. LAT Odax cyanoallix Ayling et Paxton2. RUS голубой одакс m3. ENG blue-finned butterfish4. DEU —5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > butterfish, blue-finned
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14 eel, luminescent
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > eel, luminescent
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15 eels, luminescent
—1. LAT Lumiconger Castle et Paxton2. RUS светящиеся угри pl3. ENG luminescent eels4. DEU —5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > eels, luminescent
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16 lanternfishes, shining-tailed
—1. LAT Idiolychnus Nafpaktitis et Paxton2. RUS идиолихнусы pl3. ENG shining-tailed lanternfishes4. DEU —5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > lanternfishes, shining-tailed
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17 Architecture and building
Biographical history of technology > Architecture and building
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18 Brodrick, Cuthbert
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 1822 Hull, Yorkshire, Englandd. 2 March 1905 Jersey, C.I.[br]English architect whose best-known buildings—Leeds Town Hall (1853–8) and the Grand Hotel in Scarborough (1863–7)—were of powerful baroque design.[br]Like a number of his contemporaries, Brodrick experimented with ferrovitreous construction, which by the second half of the nineteenth century was the favoured method of handling immense roofing spans of structures such as railway stations, shopping arcades and large exhibition and functional halls in England and America. The pattern for this had been set in 1851 with Sir Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London.Brodrick's ferrovitreous venture was the Leeds Corn Exchange (1861–3). This is an oval building with its exterior severely rusticated in fifteenth-century Florentine-palace manner, but inside is a two-storeyed ring of offices, bounded by ironwork galleries surrounding a large, central area roofed by an iron and glass roof. This listed building was recently in poor condition but has now been rescued and restored for use as a shopping centre; however, the local traders still retain their right, according to the bye-laws, to trade there, and once a week a section of the hall is cleared so that corn trading can take place.[br]Further ReadingD.Lindstrom, 1967, Architecture of Cuthbert Brodrick, Country Life.—1978, West Yorkshire: Architects and Architecture, Lund Humphries.DY -
19 Civil engineering
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20 Nervi, Pier Luigi
[br]b. 21 June 1891 Sondrio, Italyd. 9 January 1979 (?), Italy[br]Italian engineer who played a vital role in the use and adaptation of reinforced concrete as a structural material from the 1930s to the 1970s.[br]Nervi early established a reputation in the use of reinforced concrete with his stadium in Florence (1930–2). This elegant concrete structure combines graceful curves with functional solidity and is capable of seating some 35,000 spectators. The stadium was followed by the aircraft hangars built for the Italian Air Force at Orvieto and Ortebello, in which he spanned the vast roofs of the hangars with thin-shelled vaults supported by precast concrete beams and steel-reinforced ribs. The structural strength and subtle curves of these ribbed roofs set the pattern for Nervi's techniques, which he subsequently varied and elaborated on to solve problems that arose in further commissions.Immediately after the Second World War Italy was short of supplies of steel for structural purposes so, in contrast to the USA, Britain and Germany, did not for some years construct any quantity of steel-framed rectangular buildinngs used for offices, housing or industrial use. It was Nervi who led the way to a ferroconcrete approach, using a new type of structure based on these materials in the form of a fine steel mesh sprayed with cement mortar and used to roof all kinds of structures. It was a method that resulted in expressionist curves instead of rectangular blocks, and the first of his great exhibition halls at Turin (1949), with a vault span of 240 ft (73 m), was an early example of this technique. Nervi continued to create original and beautiful ferroconcrete structures of infinite variety: for example, the hall at the Lido di Roma, Ostia; the terme at Chianciano; and the three buildings that he designed for the Rome Olympics in 1960. The Palazzetto dello Sport is probably the most famous of these, for which he co-operated with the architect Annibale Vitellozzi to construct a small sports palace seating 5,000 spectators under a concrete "big top" of 194 ft (59 m) diameter, its enclosing walls supported by thirtysix guy ropes of concrete; inside, the elegant roof displays a floral quality. In 1960 Nervi returned to Turin to build his imaginative Palace of Labour for the centenary celebrations of Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel in the city. This vast hall, like the Crystal Palace in England a century earlier (see Paxton), had to be built quickly and be suitable for later adaptation. It was therefore constructed partly in steel, and the metal supporting columns rose to palm-leaf capitals reminiscent of those in ancient Nile palaces.Nervi's aim was always to create functional buildings that simultaneously act by their aesthetic qualities as an effective educational influence. Functionalism for Nervi never became "brutalism". In consequence, his work is admired by the lay public as well as by architects. He collaborated with many of the outstanding architects of the day: with Gio Ponti on the Pirelli Building in Milan (1955–9); with Zehrfuss and Breuer on the Y-plan UNESCO Building in Paris (1953–7); and with Marcello Piacentini on the 16,000-seat Palazzo dello Sport in Rome. Nervi found time to write a number of books on building construction and design, lectured in the Universities of Rio de Janiero and Buenos Aires, and was for many years Professor of Technology and Technique of Construction in the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Rome. He continued to design new structures until well into the 1970s.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRIBA Royal Gold Medal 1960. Royal Institute of Structural Engineers Gold Medal 1968. Honorary Degree Edinburgh University, Warsaw University, Munich University, London University, Harvard University. Member International Institute of Arts and Letters, Zurich; American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Stockholm.Bibliography1956, Structures, New York: Dodge.1945, Scienza o Arte del Costruire?, Rome: Bussola.Further ReadingP.Desideri et al., 1979, Pier Luigi Nervi, Bologna: Zanichelli.A.L.Huxtable, 1960, Masters of World Architecture; Pier Luigi Nervi, New York: Braziller.DY
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См. также в других словарях:
Paxton — is an Anglo Saxon word derived from gardiner . The Paxtons: We Are One (1903) by William McClung Paxton [http://www.bngent.com/workbench/weareone.htm] ] As early as the 6th century, Anglo Saxons began crossing from the European continent and… … Wikipedia
Paxton — ist der Name von: Bill Paxton (* 1955), US amerikanischer Filmschauspieler Gary Paxton (* 1938), US amerikanischer Sänger (The Hollywood Argyles) und Musikproduzent John Paxton (Drehbuchautor) (1911–1985), US amerikanischer Drehbuchautor John M.… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Paxton — Paxton, NE U.S. village in Nebraska Population (2000): 614 Housing Units (2000): 248 Land area (2000): 0.548989 sq. miles (1.421874 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.548989 sq. miles (1.421874 sq … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
PAXTON (J.) — PAXTON JOSEPH (1803 1865) Le XIXe siècle a donné naissance à un type de manifestation spectaculaire qui contribue à symboliser ses structures socio économiques fondamentales: les expositions universelles. Elles scandent les transformations vers… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Paxton — PAXTON, a village, in the parish of Hutton, county of Berwick, 4½ miles (W.) from Berwick; containing 284 inhabitants. This is a pleasant little village in the eastern quarter of the parish, and on the west bank of the Tweed, which is crossed… … A Topographical dictionary of Scotland
Paxton, CA — U.S. Census Designated Place in California Population (2000): 21 Housing Units (2000): 13 Land area (2000): 0.349606 sq. miles (0.905475 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.349606 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Paxton, FL — U.S. town in Florida Population (2000): 656 Housing Units (2000): 298 Land area (2000): 3.906503 sq. miles (10.117797 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.066196 sq. miles (0.171447 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.972699 sq. miles (10.289244 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Paxton, IL — U.S. city in Illinois Population (2000): 4525 Housing Units (2000): 1888 Land area (2000): 2.227514 sq. miles (5.769235 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.227514 sq. miles (5.769235 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Paxton, NE — U.S. village in Nebraska Population (2000): 614 Housing Units (2000): 248 Land area (2000): 0.548989 sq. miles (1.421874 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.548989 sq. miles (1.421874 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Paxton — Paxton, Joseph, geb. 1804 in Berwickshire, lernte als Kunstgärtner u. war erst im Dienst des Herzogs von Somerset zu Wimbledon, später Oberaufseher der Gewächshäuser des Herzogs von Devonshire in Chatsworth unweit Derby. Hier gründete er eine… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Paxton [1] — Paxton (spr. päckst n), Hauptstadt der Grafschaft Ford im nordamerikan. Staat Illinois, Bahnkreuzung, Sitz einer schwedischen Hochschule (Augustin a College), hat Produktenhandel, Ziegelfabrikation und (1900) 3036 Einw … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon