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1 Orvieto
итал.Орвьето (зона контролируемого наименования, расположенная в юго-западной части итальянской области Умбрия, производит ординарные сухие белые вина из традиционных для Умбрии сортов, лучшие из которых делают во внутренней зоне "классико", а также полусладкие вина ("амабиле", "аббокато") из тех же сортов винограда, но ягоды которых были высушены благородной плесенью)See: -
2 Umbria
итал.Умбрия (винодельческая область, расположенная в центральной Италии, по соседству с областями Тоскана и Марке, включает в себя 8 зон контролируемого наименования, самая известная из которых — Орвьето, производящая белые вина, одни из самых знаменитых в Италии; как и в Тоскане, здесь производится большое количество "вин санто"; самые популярные белые сорта Умбрии — Треббиано, Грекетто (Grechetto) и Верделло (Verdello), красные — Санджовезе, Канайоло и Сарантино (Sagrantino))See: -
3 Bentley, John Francis
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 30 January 1839 Doncaster, Yorkshire, Englandd. 2 March 1902 Clapham, London, England[br]English architect who specialized chiefly in ecclesiastical building, especially Roman Catholic churches.[br]Bentley's work was of high quality, particularly with regard to the decorative materials and finish. Notable among his churches was the Church of the Holy Rood (begun in 1887) at Watford, which is in Gothic Revival style, with fine decorative materials.Bentley's chef-d'oeuvre is the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Westminster in London: begun in 1895, the shell was completed in 1903. He based the banded pattern of the exterior upon the Italian medieval cathedrals of Siena and Orvieto, but at Westminster the banding is in red brick and white stone instead of marble. The cathedral interior is Byzantine in style, with pendentive construction. Built of load-bearing brick, with the saucer domes inside being made of concrete strengthened with brick inserts, there is no steel reinforcement: in choosing this type of structural material, Bentley was more closely following ancient Roman technology than modern use of concrete. The intention was to have all surfaces clad in mosaic of marble, but sadly only a portion of this has yet been achieved.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsBentley was nominated in 1902 to receive the RIBA Gold Medal but died before the presentation ceremony.Further ReadingW.de l'Hopital, 1919, Westminster Cathedral and its Architect, Hutchinson.DY -
4 Nervi, Pier Luigi
[br]b. 21 June 1891 Sondrio, Italyd. 9 January 1979 (?), Italy[br]Italian engineer who played a vital role in the use and adaptation of reinforced concrete as a structural material from the 1930s to the 1970s.[br]Nervi early established a reputation in the use of reinforced concrete with his stadium in Florence (1930–2). This elegant concrete structure combines graceful curves with functional solidity and is capable of seating some 35,000 spectators. The stadium was followed by the aircraft hangars built for the Italian Air Force at Orvieto and Ortebello, in which he spanned the vast roofs of the hangars with thin-shelled vaults supported by precast concrete beams and steel-reinforced ribs. The structural strength and subtle curves of these ribbed roofs set the pattern for Nervi's techniques, which he subsequently varied and elaborated on to solve problems that arose in further commissions.Immediately after the Second World War Italy was short of supplies of steel for structural purposes so, in contrast to the USA, Britain and Germany, did not for some years construct any quantity of steel-framed rectangular buildinngs used for offices, housing or industrial use. It was Nervi who led the way to a ferroconcrete approach, using a new type of structure based on these materials in the form of a fine steel mesh sprayed with cement mortar and used to roof all kinds of structures. It was a method that resulted in expressionist curves instead of rectangular blocks, and the first of his great exhibition halls at Turin (1949), with a vault span of 240 ft (73 m), was an early example of this technique. Nervi continued to create original and beautiful ferroconcrete structures of infinite variety: for example, the hall at the Lido di Roma, Ostia; the terme at Chianciano; and the three buildings that he designed for the Rome Olympics in 1960. The Palazzetto dello Sport is probably the most famous of these, for which he co-operated with the architect Annibale Vitellozzi to construct a small sports palace seating 5,000 spectators under a concrete "big top" of 194 ft (59 m) diameter, its enclosing walls supported by thirtysix guy ropes of concrete; inside, the elegant roof displays a floral quality. In 1960 Nervi returned to Turin to build his imaginative Palace of Labour for the centenary celebrations of Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel in the city. This vast hall, like the Crystal Palace in England a century earlier (see Paxton), had to be built quickly and be suitable for later adaptation. It was therefore constructed partly in steel, and the metal supporting columns rose to palm-leaf capitals reminiscent of those in ancient Nile palaces.Nervi's aim was always to create functional buildings that simultaneously act by their aesthetic qualities as an effective educational influence. Functionalism for Nervi never became "brutalism". In consequence, his work is admired by the lay public as well as by architects. He collaborated with many of the outstanding architects of the day: with Gio Ponti on the Pirelli Building in Milan (1955–9); with Zehrfuss and Breuer on the Y-plan UNESCO Building in Paris (1953–7); and with Marcello Piacentini on the 16,000-seat Palazzo dello Sport in Rome. Nervi found time to write a number of books on building construction and design, lectured in the Universities of Rio de Janiero and Buenos Aires, and was for many years Professor of Technology and Technique of Construction in the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Rome. He continued to design new structures until well into the 1970s.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRIBA Royal Gold Medal 1960. Royal Institute of Structural Engineers Gold Medal 1968. Honorary Degree Edinburgh University, Warsaw University, Munich University, London University, Harvard University. Member International Institute of Arts and Letters, Zurich; American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Stockholm.Bibliography1956, Structures, New York: Dodge.1945, Scienza o Arte del Costruire?, Rome: Bussola.Further ReadingP.Desideri et al., 1979, Pier Luigi Nervi, Bologna: Zanichelli.A.L.Huxtable, 1960, Masters of World Architecture; Pier Luigi Nervi, New York: Braziller.DY
См. также в других словарях:
Orvieto — Orvieto … Deutsch Wikipedia
Orvieto — vue générale de la ville Administration Pays … Wikipédia en Français
Orvieto — Escudo … Wikipedia Español
Orvieto — • Diocese in central Italy Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Orvieto Orvieto † Cath … Catholic encyclopedia
Orvieto — Orvieto, Stadt in der Provinz Terni, Umbrien, Italien, 315 m über dem Meeresspiegel, auf einem Tafelberg am Zusammenfluss von Paglia und Chiana, 20 900 Einwohner; Bischofssitz (Bistum Orvieto Todi); Weinbau (meist trockene Weißweine); … Universal-Lexikon
Orvieto — (Torre Alfina,Италия) Категория отеля: Адрес: 05014 Torre Alfina, Италия … Каталог отелей
ORVIETO — ORVIETO, town in Umbria, central Italy. Jewish loan bankers appeared there as early as 1297, being given citizenship rights and permitted to carry weapons. In 1334 one of them was sent as envoy to a neighboring town. The prosperity of the Jewish… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
orvieto — [ɔʀvjeto] n. m. ÉTYM. 1832; nom d une ville et d une province d Italie. ❖ ♦ Vin d Orvieto. ➪ tableau Classification des vins … Encyclopédie Universelle
Orviēto — Orviēto, 1) päpstliche Delegation mit 27,000 Ew.; 2) Stadt darin auf einem steilen Felsen an der Paglia; Bischof, Dom (1290 angefangen u. drei Jahrhunderte lang fortgebaut, so daß er die Entwickelung der neueren Kunstgeschichte darstellt), Kirche … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Orvieto — Orvieto, Kreishauptstadt in der ital. Provinz Perugia, in malerischer Lage 355 m ü. M. auf einem vereinzelten Tuffelsen über dem rechten Ufer der Paglia, an der Eisenbahn Florenz Rom, mit Drahtseilbahn vom Bahnhof zur Stadt, ist Bischofssitz und… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Orvieto — Orviēto, Stadt in der ital. Prov. Perugia, an der Paglia, (1901) 18.543 E.; got. Dom (1290 begonnen, im 16. Jahrh. vollendet) … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
