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1 Mergenthaler, Ottmar
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 11 May 1854 Hachtel, Germanyd. 28 October 1899 Baltimore, Maryland, USA[br]German/American inventor of the Linotype typesetting machine.[br]Mergenthaler came from a family of teachers, but following a mechanical bent he was apprenticed to a clockmaker. Having served his time, Mergenthaler emigrated to the USA in 1872 to avoid military service. He immediately secured work in Washington, DC, in the scientific instrument shop of August Hahl, the son of his former master. He steadily acquired a reputation for skill and ingenuity, and in 1876, when Hahl transferred his business to Baltimore, Mergenthaler went too. Soon after, they were commissioned to remedy the defects in a model of a writing machine devised by James O.Clephane of Washington. It produced print by typewriting, which was then multiplied by lithography. Mergenthaler soon corrected the defects and Clephane ordered a full-size version. This was completed in 1877 but did not work satisfactorily. Nevertheless, Mergenthaler was moved to engage in the long battle to mechanize the typesetting stage of the printing process. Clephane suggested substituting stereotyping for lithography in his device, but in spite of their keen efforts Mergenthaler and Hahl were again unsuccessful and they abandoned the project. In spare moments Mergenthaler continued his search for a typesetting machine. Late in 1883 it occurred to him to stamp matrices into type bars and to cast type metal into them in the same machine. From this idea, the Linotype machine developed and was completed by July 1884. It worked well and a patent was granted on 26 August that year, and Clephane and his associates set up the National Typographic Company of West Virginia to manufacture it. The New York Tribune ordered twelve Linotypes, and on 3 July 1886 the first of these set part of that day's issue. During the previous year the company had passed into the hands of a group of newspaper owners; increasing differences with the Board led to Mergenthaler's resignation in 1888, but he nevertheless continued to improve the machine, patenting over fifty modifications. The Linotype, together with the Monotype of Tolbert Lanston, rapidly supplanted earlier typesetting methods, and by the 1920s it reigned supreme, the former being used more for newspapers, the latter for book work.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute John Scott Medal, Elliott Cresson Medal.Bibliography1898, Ottmar Mergenthaler and the Invention of Linotype, New York.Further ReadingJ.Moran, 1964, The Composition of Reading Matter, London.LRD -
2 Mergenthaler, Ottmar
(1854-1899) Мергенталер, ОттмарИзобретатель. Родился в Германии. С 14 лет работал подмастерьем у часовщика, в 1872 эмигрировал в США. Работал в механической мастерской в г. Балтиморе. В 1884 изобрел наборную строкоотливную машину (линотип), использование которой внесло существенный вклад в развитие полиграфии. Впервые линотип был установлен в типографии газеты "Нью-Йорк трибюн" [ New York Tribune] в 1886English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Mergenthaler, Ottmar
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3 Lanston, Tolbert
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 3 February 1844 Troy, Ohio, USAd. 18 February 1913 Washington, DC, USA[br]American inventor of the Monotype typesetting machine.[br]Although reared in a farming community, Lanston was able to develop his mechanical talent. After serving in the American Civil War he secured a clerkship in the Pensions Office in Washington, where he remained for twenty-two years. He studied law in his spare time and was called to the Bar. At the same time, he invented a whole variety of mechanical devices, many of which he patented. Around 1883 Lanston began taking an interest in machines for composing printers' type, probably stimulated by Ottmar Mergenthaler, who was then in Washington and working in this field. Four years' work were rewarded on 7 June 1887 by the grant of a patent, followed by three more, for a machine "to produce justified lines of type". The machine, the Monotype, consisted of two components: first a keyboard unit produced a strip of paper tape with holes punched in patterns corresponding to the characters required; this tape controlled the matrices in the caster, the second and "hot metal" component, from which types were ejected singly and fed to an assembly point until a complete line of type had been formed. Lanston resigned his post and set up the Lanston Type Machine Company in Washington. He laboured for ten years to convert the device defined in his patents into a machine that could be made and used commercially. In 1897 the perfected Monotype appeared. The company was reorganized as the Lanston Monotype Manufacturing Company of Philadelphia, and Lanston devoted himself to promoting and improving the machine. Monotype, with Mergenthaler's Linotype, steadily supplanted hand-setting and the various inadequate mechanical methods that were then in use, and by the 1920s they reigned supreme, until the 1960s, when they themselves began to be superseded by computer-controlled photosetting methods.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute Cresson Gold Medal 1896.Further ReadingObituary, 1913, American Printer (March).L.A.Legros and J.C.Grant, 1916, Typographical Printing Surfaces, London.J.Moran, 1964, The Composition of Reading Matter, London.LRD -
4 Paper and printing
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Biro, Laszlo JoszefBi ShengCai LunKlic, KarolSong YingxingStanhope, Charles
См. также в других словарях:
Mergenthaler — [mʉr′gən thäl΄ər, mʉr′gənthôl΄ər] Ottmar [ät′mär΄] 1854 99; U.S. inventor of the Linotype, born in Germany … English World dictionary
Mergenthaler — Personen mit dem Nachnamen Mergenthaler: Christian Mergenthaler (1884–1980), Politiker Ottmar Mergenthaler (1854–1899), Erfinder der Linotype Setzmaschine. Die Maschinenbezeichnung „Linotype“ führte zur Namensbildung des Unternehmens Linotype … Deutsch Wikipedia
Mergenthaler — noun United States inventor (born in Germany) of the Linotype machine (1854 1899) • Syn: ↑Ottmar Mergenthaler • Instance Hypernyms: ↑inventor, ↑discoverer, ↑artificer * * * /merr geuhn thaw leuhr/; Ger. /merdd geuhn tah leuhrdd/, n. Ottmar … Useful english dictionary
Mergenthaler Vocational Technical Senior High School — Mergenthaler Vocational–Technical High School Reimagining Excellence Address 3500 Hillen Road … Wikipedia
Mergenthaler Linotype Company — La Mergenthaler Linotype Company est un société fondée aux États Unis en 1886 pour vendre la machine de composition automatique inventée par Ottmar Mergenthaler. Grâce la machine Linotype, elle est devenue la plus grande société dans l outillage… … Wikipédia en Français
Mergenthaler Linotype Company — An 1896 Mergenthaler Linotype stock certificate The Mergenthaler Linotype Company is a corporation founded in the United States in 1886 to market the linecaster invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler. With the company s primary product, the Linotype… … Wikipedia
Mergenthaler, Ottmar — born May 11, 1854, Hachtel, Württemberg died Oct. 28, 1899, Baltimore, Md., U.S. German U.S. inventor. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1872. While working in a Baltimore machine shop he began experimenting with type molds, and in 1884 he patented… … Universalium
Mergenthaler — biographical name Ottmar 1854 1899 American (German born) inventor … New Collegiate Dictionary
Mergenthaler — /merr geuhn thaw leuhr/; Ger. /merdd geuhn tah leuhrdd/, n. Ottmar /ot mahr/; Ger. /awt mahrdd/, 1854 99, U.S. inventor of the Linotype, born in Germany. * * * … Universalium
Mergenthaler — Mẹrgenthaler, Ottmar, Uhrmacher, Feinmechaniker, * Hachtel (heute zu Bad Mergentheim) 11. 5. 1854, ✝ Baltimore (Maryland) 28. 10. 1899; wanderte 1872 in die USA aus und arbeitete in Baltimore (Maryland) in der Instrumentenbaufirma seines… … Universal-Lexikon
Mergenthaler — Herkunftsname zu den Ortsnamen Mergenthal (Sachsen, Böhmen), Mergental (Ostpreußen) … Wörterbuch der deutschen familiennamen
