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1 Lippershey, Hans (Johannes)
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]fl. sixteenth/seventeenth centuries the Netherlands[br]Dutch probable inventor of the telescope.[br]Lippershey was a spectacle maker of Middelburg, a contender for the invention of the telescope. It is said that about 1600 two children were playing about his workshop and chanced to place a convex and a concave lens in a line, and noted a great magnification of the nearby church. Lippershey confirmed this and started manufacture of "instruments for seeing at a distance". In 1608 he petitioned the States General of the Netherlands for a patent for thirty years. A committee appointed to look into the matter declared that the device was likely to be of use to the State and suggested the improvement of a binocular arrangement. Other Dutch glass-workers, however, put forward claims to have constructed similar instruments, and, in the confusion, the States General turned down Lippershey's plea and he received no financial reward or patent protection.[br]Further ReadingD.J.Boorstin, 1984, The Discoverers, London: J.M.Dent.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Lippershey, Hans (Johannes)
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2 Lippershey, Johannes
See: Lippershey, Hans -
3 Galilei, Galileo
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 15 February 1564 Pisa, Italyd. 8 January 1642 Arcetri, near Florence, Italy[br]Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist who established the principle of the pendulum and was first to exploit the telescope.[br]Galileo began studying medicine at the University of Pisa but soon turned to his real interests, mathematics, mechanics and astronomy. He became Professor of Mathematics at Pisa at the age of 25 and three years later moved to Padua. In 1610 he transferred to Florence. While still a student he discovered the isochronous property of the pendulum, probably by timing with his pulse the swings of a hanging lamp during a religious ceremony in Pisa Cathedral. He later designed a pendulum-controlled clock, but it was not constructed until after his death, and then not successfully; the first successful pendulum clock was made by the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens in 1656. Around 1590 Galileo established the laws of motion of falling bodies, by timing rolling balls down inclined planes and not, as was once widely believed, by dropping different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. These and other observations received definitive treatment in his Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienzi attenenti alla, meccanica (Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences…) which was completed in 1634 and first printed in 1638. This work also included Galileo's proof that the path of a projectile was a parabola and, most importantly, the development of the concept of inertia.In astronomy Galileo adopted the Copernican heliocentric theory of the universe while still in his twenties, but he lacked the evidence to promote it publicly. That evidence came with the invention of the telescope by the Dutch brothers Lippershey. Galileo heard of its invention in 1609 and had his own instrument constructed, with a convex object lens and concave eyepiece, a form which came to be known as the Galilean telescope. Galileo was the first to exploit the telescope successfully with a series of striking astronomical discoveries. He was also the first to publish the results of observations with the telescope, in his Sidereus nuncius (Starry Messenger) of 1610. All the discoveries told against the traditional view of the universe inherited from the ancient Greeks, and one in particular, that of the four satellites in orbit around Jupiter, supported the Copernican theory in that it showed that there could be another centre of motion in the universe besides the Earth: if Jupiter, why not the Sun? Galileo now felt confident enough to advocate the theory, but the advance of new ideas was opposed, not for the first or last time, by established opinion, personified in Galileo's time by the ecclesiastical authorities in Rome. Eventually he was forced to renounce the Copernican theory, at least in public, and turn to less contentious subjects such as the "two new sciences" of his last and most important work.[br]Bibliography1610, Sidereus nuncius (Starry Messenger); translation by A.Van Helden, 1989, Sidereus Nuncius, or the Sidereal Messenger; Chicago: University of Chicago Press.1623, Il Saggiatore (The Assayer).1632, Dialogo sopre i due massimi sistemi del mondo, tolemaico e copernicano (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican); translation, 1967, Berkeley: University of California Press.1638, Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienzi attenenti allameccanica (Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences…); translation, 1991, Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books (reprint).Further ReadingG.de Santillana, 1955, The Crime of Galileo, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; also 1958, London: Heinemann.H.Stillman Drake, 1980, Galileo, Oxford: Oxford Paperbacks. M.Sharratt, 1994, Galileo: Decisive Innovator, Oxford: Blackwell.J.Reston, 1994, Galileo: A Life, New York: HarperCollins; also 1994, London: Cassell.A.Fantoli, 1994, Galileo: For Copemicanism and for the Church, trans. G.V.Coyne, South Bend, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.LRD -
4 Photography, film and optics
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Ding HuanGabor, DennisKlic, KarolLippershey, HansMarton, LadislausTournachon, Gaspard FélixBiographical history of technology > Photography, film and optics
См. также в других словарях:
Lippershey — may refer to:* Hans Lippershey (1570 1619), Dutch lensmaker * Lippershey (crater), a relatively tiny lunar impact crater … Wikipedia
Lippershey, Hans — Lippershey , Hans … Scientists
Lippershey (crater) — lunar crater data latitude=25.9 N or S=S longitude=10.3 E or W=W diameter=7 km depth=1.4 km colong=11 eponym=Hans LippersheyLippershey is a relatively tiny lunar impact crater located in the southeast section of the Mare Nubium. It is a circular … Wikipedia
Lippershey , Hans — (c. 1570–1619) Dutch spectacle maker Lippershey was a maker of eyeglasses in Wesel, Germany. According to tradition, an apprentice playing with a couple of lenses suddenly found that a distant weathercock looked much bigger and nearer. Lippershey … Scientists
Lippershey — noun A crater of the Moon … Wiktionary
Lippershey, Hans — ▪ Dutch inventor also called Jan Lippersheim, or Hans Lippersheim baptized c. 1570, Wesel, Ger. died c. 1619, Middelburg, Neth. spectacle maker from the United Netherlands, traditionally credited with inventing the telescope (1608).… … Universalium
Hans Lippershey — Retrato de Hans Lippershey (1655). Hans Lippershey (1570, Wesel, Alemania – septiembre de 1619), también conocido como Johann Lippershey, fue un científico, inventor y fabricante de lentes, astrónomo. Es reconocido como el creador de los diseños… … Wikipedia Español
Hans Lippershey — (1570 ndash;September 1619), also known as Johann Lippershey or Lipperhey, was a German Dutch lensmaker.He was born in Wesel, in western Germany. He settled in Middelburg in the Netherlands in 1594, married the same year, and became a citizen in… … Wikipedia
Hans Lippershey — est un opticien hollandais né en 1570 à Wesel et décédé en 1619. Il présenta fin septembre 1608 l une des premières réalisations concrètes d une lunette d approche. Cette lunette devait très rapidement conduire à la lunette astronomique, puis au … Wikipédia en Français
ЛИППЕРСГЕЙ (Lippershey) Ханс — (1587 1619) нидерландский оптик. Создал (1608) один из первых телескопов … Большой Энциклопедический словарь
Hans Lippershey — Porträt von Hans Lipperhey aus De vero telescopii inventore (1655) Johannes Lipperhey (auch: Jan Lipperhey oder Hans Lippershey) (* um 1570 in Wesel; † September 1619 in Middelburg) war ein deutsch niederländischer Brillenmacher und der Erfinder… … Deutsch Wikipedia