-
1 Kirkcudbright
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Kirkcudbright
-
2 Kirkcudbright
1) Общая лексика: Керкубри, г. Керкубри2) География: Керкубришир (графство Шотландии), (г.) Керкубри (обл. Дамфрис-энд-Галловей, Шотландия, Великобритания) -
3 Kirkcudbright
[kɜː`kuːbrɪ]КеркубриКеркубриАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > Kirkcudbright
-
4 Kirkcudbright
n геогр. н.Керкубрі (графство і місто в Шотландії) -
5 Kirkcudbright
г. Керкубри (обл. Дамфрис-энд-Галловей, Шотландия, Великобритания); Керкубришир (графство Шотландии)* * *Керкубри (Великобритания, Шотландия) -
6 Kirkcudbright
-
7 Kirkcudbright
[kɜ:ʹku:brı] n геогр.1. Керкубри; см. Kirkcudbrightshire2. г. Керкубри -
8 Kirkcudbright
[kɜː'kuːbrɪ]сущ.; геогр.а) Керкубри ( город в Шотландии)б) ист.; = Kirkcudbrightshire Керкубри(шир) ( бывшее графство Шотландии) -
9 Kirkcudbright
n геогр. Керкубри -
10 Kirkcudbrightshire
Kirkcudbright(shire) noun Керкубри(шир) -
11 Керкубри
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Керкубри
-
12 Керкубришир
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Керкубришир
-
13 Kirk.
abbreviationKirkcudbright (škotska grofija) -
14 Neilson, James Beaumont
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 22 June 1792 Shettleston, near Glasgow, Scotlandd. 18 January 1865 Queenshill, Kirkcudbright-shire, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of hot blast in ironmaking.[br]After leaving school before the age of 14 Neilson followed his father in tending colliery-steam engines. He continued in this line while apprenticed to his elder brother and afterwards rose to engine-wright at Irvine colliery. That failed and Neilson obtained work as Foreman at the first gasworks to be set up in Glasgow. After five years he became Manager and Engineer to the works, remaining there for thirty years. He introduced a number of improvements into gas manufacture, such as the use of clay retorts, iron sulphate as a purifier and the swallow-tail burner. He had meanwhile benefited from studying physics and chemistry at the Andersonian University in Glasgow.Neilson is best known for introducing hot blast into ironmaking. At that time, ironmasters believed that cold blast produced the best results, since furnaces seemed to make more and better iron in the winter than the summer. Neilson found that by leading the air blast through an iron chamber heated by a coal fire beneath it, much less fuel was needed to convert the iron ore to iron. He secured a patent in 1828 and managed to persuade Clyde Ironworks in Glasgow to try out the device. The results were immediately favourable, and the use of hot blast spread rapidly throughout the country and abroad. The equipment was improved, raising the blast temperature to around 300°C (572°F), reducing the amount of coal, which was converted into coke, required to produce a tonne of iron from 10 tonnes to about 3. Neilson entered into a partnership with Charles Macintosh and others to patent and promote the process. Successive, and successful, lawsuits against those who infringed the patent demonstrates the general eagerness to adopt hot blast. Beneficial though it was, the process did not become really satisfactory until the introduction of hot-blast stoves by E.A. Cowper in 1857.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1846.Further ReadingS.Smiles, Industrial Biography, Ch. 9 (offers the most detailed account of Neilson's life). Proc. Instn. Civ. Engrs., vol. 30, p. 451.J.Percy, 1851, Metallurgy: Iron and Steel (provides a detailed history of hot blast).W.K.V.Gale, 1969, Iron and Steel, London: Longmans (provides brief details).LRDBiographical history of technology > Neilson, James Beaumont
См. также в других словарях:
Kirkcudbright — Koordinaten 54° 50′ N, 4° 3′ W … Deutsch Wikipedia
Kirkcudbright — Kirkcudbright … Wikipédia en Français
Kirkcudbright — Kirkcudbright, so v.w. Kirkudbright … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Kirkcudbright — (spr. körkūbrĭ), Hauptstadt (royal burgh) der nach ihr genannten Grafschaft (s. unten), an der Mündung des Dee in eine schöne Bai, hat Schloßruinen, ein altes und ein neues Grafschaftshaus, ein Gymnasium (Academy), Ausfuhr von Vieh und Kartoffeln … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Kirkcudbright — (spr. körkköddbreit) oder East Galloway, Grafschaft in Südschottland, 2325 qkm, (1901) 39.407 E. – Die Hauptstadt K., an der Mündung des Dee, 2386 E., Hafen; Ausfuhr von Vieh und Kartoffeln … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Kirkcudbright — (Kerkubrit) od. East Gallovay, Grafschaft im südl. Schottland. 40 QM. groß mit 43000 E., gebirgig, hauptsächlich auf die Viehzucht angewiesen. Die Hauptstadt K. an der Mündung des Dee hat 3500 E., Hafen, Akademie … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Kirkcudbright — [kər ko͞o′brēshir΄, kər ko͞o′brēshərkər ko͞o′brē] former county of SW Scotland: also Kirkcudbrightshire [kər ko͞o′brēshir΄, kər ko͞o′brēshər] … English World dictionary
Kirkcudbright — 1) KIRKCUDBRIGHT, a royal burgh and a parish, in the stewartry of Kirkcudbright, of which it is the capital, 28 miles (S. W. by W.) from Dumfries, and 100 (S. W.) from Edinburgh; containing 3526 inhabitants, of whom 2692 are in the burgh. This … A Topographical dictionary of Scotland
Kirkcudbright — infobox UK place country = Scotland official name= Kirkcudbright gaelic name= Cille Chuithbeirt population= 3447 (as of 2001) os grid reference= NX685505 latitude=54.832 longitude= 4.048 unitary scotland= Dumfries and Galloway lieutenancy… … Wikipedia
Kirkcudbright — Original name in latin Kirkcudbright Name in other language Kircudbright, Kirkcudbright State code GB Continent/City Europe/London longitude 54.8383 latitude 4.04908 altitude 4 Population 3367 Date 2011 03 03 … Cities with a population over 1000 database
Kirkcudbright — or Kirkcudbrightshire geographical name former county S Scotland capital Kirkcudbright … New Collegiate Dictionary