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1 Theofile Gautier
Имена и фамилии: Теофиль Готье -
2 Theofile Gautier
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3 such
1. adjective1) (of the same kind as that already mentioned or being mentioned: Animals that gnaw, such as mice, rats, rabbits and weasels are called rodents; He came from Bradford or some such place; She asked to see Mr Johnson but was told there was no such person there; I've seen several such buildings; I've never done such a thing before; doctors, dentists and such people.) tal(es), así, semejante, de este tipo2) (of the great degree already mentioned or being mentioned: If you had telephoned her, she wouldn't have got into such a state of anxiety; She never used to get such bad headaches (as she does now).) tal; así de (malos, i2etc/i2)3) (of the great degree, or the kind, to have a particular result: He shut the window with such force that the glass broke; She's such a good teacher that the headmaster asked her not to leave; Their problems are such as to make it impossible for them to live together any more.) tal; tan/tanto4) (used for emphasis: This is such a shock! They have been such good friends to me!) tal, tan
2. pronoun(such a person or thing, or such persons or things: I have only a few photographs, but can show you such as I have; This isn't a good book as such (= as a book) but it has interesting pictures.) lo que; como tal- suchlike- such-and-such
- such as it is
such adj pron1. tal / semejantehow could you do such a thing? ¿cómo podrías hacer una cosa así?there is no such thing as fairies! ¡las hadas no existen!2. tan / tantoit was such a good film! ¡era una película tan buena!there were such a lot of people! ¡había tanta gente!such as como / por ejemplotr[sʌʧ]1 (of that sort) tal, semejante2 (so much, so great) tal, tanto,-a1 (so very) tan■ it was such a boring film that... era una película tan aburrida que...1 (of that specified sort) tal■ the disaster was such that... el desastre fue tal que...\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat such and such a time a tal horain such a way that... de tal manera que...such as (like, for example) comosuch as? ¿por ejemplo?such is life! ¡así es la vida!such ['sʌʧ] adv1) so: tansuch tall buildings: edificios tan grandes2) very: muyhe's not in such good shape: anda un poco mal3)such that : de tal manera quesuch adj: talthere's no such thing: no existe tal cosain such cases: en tales casosanimals such as cows and sheep: animales como vacas y ovejassuch pron1) : talsuch was the result: tal fue el resultadohe's a child, and acts as such: es un niño, y se porta como tal2) : algo o alguien semejantebooks, papers and such: libros, papeles y cosas por el estiloadj.• así adj.• semejante adj.• tal adj.adj.indef.• tal adj.indef.pron.• semejante pron.• tal pron.
I sʌtʃ1)a) (emphasizing degree, extent) tal (+ noun); tan (+ adj)I woke up with such a headache — me levanté con tal dolor de cabeza...
such a charming girl! — qué chica más or tan encantadora!
she gave me such a look! — me miró de una manera...!
I've never heard such nonsense — nunca he oído semejante or tamaña estupidez
such... (that) — tal/tan... que
I was in such pain (that) I couldn't sleep — tenía tanto or tal dolor que no pude dormir
such... as — tan... como
2)a) (of this, that kind) talsuch children are known as... — a dichos or a tales niños se los conoce como...
such a journey would take weeks — un viaje así or como ése llevaría semanas
b) ( unspecified) talthe letter tells you to go to such a house on such a date — la carta te dice que vayas a tal casa en tal fecha
until such time as we are notified — (frml) hasta (el momento en) que se nos notifique
II
1)a) ( of the indicated kind) talsuch is life — (set phrase) así es la vida (fr hecha)
snakes, lizards and such — serpientes, lagartijas y cosas por el estilo
b)many modern inventions, such as radar... — muchos inventos modernos, (tales) como el radar...
I've read many of his books - such as? — he leído muchos de sus libros - ¿(como) por ejemplo?
c)as such — como tal/tales
2)a)such as, such... as — (frml)
b) (indicating lack of quantity, quality)the evidence, such as it is, seems to... — las pocas pruebas que hay parecen...
3) (of such a kind, extent, degree)such that — tal... que
[sʌtʃ]the pain was such that I screamed — fue tal el dolor or fue tan grande el dolor, que grité
1.ADJ (=of that kind) tal; (=so much) tantodid you ever see such a thing? — ¿has visto alguna vez cosa semejante?, ¿se vio jamás tal cosa?
it caused such trouble that... — dio lugar a tantos disgustos que...
such an honour! — ¡tanto honor!
it made such a stir as had not been known before — tuvo una repercusión como no se había conocido hasta entonces
in such cases — en tales casos, en semejantes casos
such is not the case — frm la cosa no es así
such a plan is most unwise — un proyecto así es poco aconsejable, un proyecto de ese tipo no es aconsejable
•
writers such as Updike, such writers as Updike — autores como Updikethis is my car such as it is — aunque valga poco, es mi coche
such as? — ¿por ejemplo?
•
there's no such thing — no existe tal cosa•
some such idea — algo por el estilo2.ADV tan3.PRON los que, las que•
may all such perish! — ¡mueran cuantos hay como él!•
rabbits and hares and such — conejos y liebres y tal•
as such, and as such he was promoted — y así fue ascendidothere are no trees as such — no hay árboles propiamente dichos, no hay árboles que digamos
•
we know of none such — no tenemos noticias de ninguno así* * *
I [sʌtʃ]1)a) (emphasizing degree, extent) tal (+ noun); tan (+ adj)I woke up with such a headache — me levanté con tal dolor de cabeza...
such a charming girl! — qué chica más or tan encantadora!
she gave me such a look! — me miró de una manera...!
I've never heard such nonsense — nunca he oído semejante or tamaña estupidez
such... (that) — tal/tan... que
I was in such pain (that) I couldn't sleep — tenía tanto or tal dolor que no pude dormir
such... as — tan... como
2)a) (of this, that kind) talsuch children are known as... — a dichos or a tales niños se los conoce como...
such a journey would take weeks — un viaje así or como ése llevaría semanas
b) ( unspecified) talthe letter tells you to go to such a house on such a date — la carta te dice que vayas a tal casa en tal fecha
until such time as we are notified — (frml) hasta (el momento en) que se nos notifique
II
1)a) ( of the indicated kind) talsuch is life — (set phrase) así es la vida (fr hecha)
snakes, lizards and such — serpientes, lagartijas y cosas por el estilo
b)many modern inventions, such as radar... — muchos inventos modernos, (tales) como el radar...
I've read many of his books - such as? — he leído muchos de sus libros - ¿(como) por ejemplo?
c)as such — como tal/tales
2)a)such as, such... as — (frml)
b) (indicating lack of quantity, quality)the evidence, such as it is, seems to... — las pocas pruebas que hay parecen...
3) (of such a kind, extent, degree)such that — tal... que
the pain was such that I screamed — fue tal el dolor or fue tan grande el dolor, que grité
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4 DG
1) Авиация: Directional Cyro2) Морской термин: опасный груз (Dangerous Goods( IMO cargo type classification))3) Американизм: Documentation Guideline4) Латинский язык: Dei Gratia5) Военный термин: Defense Guidance, Director-General, Double Gun, Dragoon Guards, distinguished graduate, начальник службы6) Техника: Directorate-General, deception generator, diesel generator, diesel-engine generator, differential gain, differential generator, directional grid, display generator, double gear, double-groove insulators7) Шутливое выражение: Dog-Gone8) Анатомия: dentate gyrus9) Страхование: Degaussing10) Грубое выражение: Dirty Girls, Dumb Guy11) Оптика: diode gate12) Сокращение: Dei Gratia (by the grace of God), Directional Gyro, Director General (UK), Director General, Directorate General, disk grind, dogged, double-groove (insulators)13) Вычислительная техника: Data General, Data General (Corporate name), Dei Gratia (by the grace of God)14) Литература: District Governor15) Нефть: development gas well, dry gas, двойная зубчатая передача (double gear), эксплуатационная газовая скважина (development gas well)16) Биохимия: Diacylglycerols17) Воздухоплавание: Directional Gyroscope18) Деловая лексика: Dig Grave, Dynamic Goal, канцелярия генерального директора (directorate-general)20) Сетевые технологии: datagram, датаграмма, дейтаграмма21) Автоматика: dog22) Энергосистемы: distributed generation23) Электротехника: digital governor24) Имена и фамилии: Daniel Gautier, David Gilmour25) Чат: Discussion Group, Discussion Groups26) NYSE. Dollar General Corporation27) СМС: Don't Get.... -
5 Dg
1) Авиация: Directional Cyro2) Морской термин: опасный груз (Dangerous Goods( IMO cargo type classification))3) Американизм: Documentation Guideline4) Латинский язык: Dei Gratia5) Военный термин: Defense Guidance, Director-General, Double Gun, Dragoon Guards, distinguished graduate, начальник службы6) Техника: Directorate-General, deception generator, diesel generator, diesel-engine generator, differential gain, differential generator, directional grid, display generator, double gear, double-groove insulators7) Шутливое выражение: Dog-Gone8) Анатомия: dentate gyrus9) Страхование: Degaussing10) Грубое выражение: Dirty Girls, Dumb Guy11) Оптика: diode gate12) Сокращение: Dei Gratia (by the grace of God), Directional Gyro, Director General (UK), Director General, Directorate General, disk grind, dogged, double-groove (insulators)13) Вычислительная техника: Data General, Data General (Corporate name), Dei Gratia (by the grace of God)14) Литература: District Governor15) Нефть: development gas well, dry gas, двойная зубчатая передача (double gear), эксплуатационная газовая скважина (development gas well)16) Биохимия: Diacylglycerols17) Воздухоплавание: Directional Gyroscope18) Деловая лексика: Dig Grave, Dynamic Goal, канцелярия генерального директора (directorate-general)20) Сетевые технологии: datagram, датаграмма, дейтаграмма21) Автоматика: dog22) Энергосистемы: distributed generation23) Электротехника: digital governor24) Имена и фамилии: Daniel Gautier, David Gilmour25) Чат: Discussion Group, Discussion Groups26) NYSE. Dollar General Corporation27) СМС: Don't Get.... -
6 dg
1) Авиация: Directional Cyro2) Морской термин: опасный груз (Dangerous Goods( IMO cargo type classification))3) Американизм: Documentation Guideline4) Латинский язык: Dei Gratia5) Военный термин: Defense Guidance, Director-General, Double Gun, Dragoon Guards, distinguished graduate, начальник службы6) Техника: Directorate-General, deception generator, diesel generator, diesel-engine generator, differential gain, differential generator, directional grid, display generator, double gear, double-groove insulators7) Шутливое выражение: Dog-Gone8) Анатомия: dentate gyrus9) Страхование: Degaussing10) Грубое выражение: Dirty Girls, Dumb Guy11) Оптика: diode gate12) Сокращение: Dei Gratia (by the grace of God), Directional Gyro, Director General (UK), Director General, Directorate General, disk grind, dogged, double-groove (insulators)13) Вычислительная техника: Data General, Data General (Corporate name), Dei Gratia (by the grace of God)14) Литература: District Governor15) Нефть: development gas well, dry gas, двойная зубчатая передача (double gear), эксплуатационная газовая скважина (development gas well)16) Биохимия: Diacylglycerols17) Воздухоплавание: Directional Gyroscope18) Деловая лексика: Dig Grave, Dynamic Goal, канцелярия генерального директора (directorate-general)20) Сетевые технологии: datagram, датаграмма, дейтаграмма21) Автоматика: dog22) Энергосистемы: distributed generation23) Электротехника: digital governor24) Имена и фамилии: Daniel Gautier, David Gilmour25) Чат: Discussion Group, Discussion Groups26) NYSE. Dollar General Corporation27) СМС: Don't Get.... -
7 Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1 September 1865 Ouillins, Rhône, Franced. 25 November 1945 Paris, France[br]French metallurgist, originator of the Charpy pendulum impact method of testing metals.[br]After graduating in chemistry from the Ecole Polytechnique in 1887, Charpy continued to work there on the physical chemistry of solutions for his doctorate. He joined the Laboratoire d'Artillerie de la Marine in 1892 and began to study the structure and mechanical properties of various steels in relation to their previous heat treatment. His first memoir, on the mechanical properties of steels quenched from various temperatures, was published in 1892 on the advice of Henri Le Chatelier. He joined the Compagnie de Chatillon Commentry Fourchamboult et Decazeville at their steelworks in Imphy in 1898, shortly after the discovery of Invar by G.E. Guillaume. Most of the alloys required for this investigation had been prepared at Imphy, and their laboratories were therefore well equipped with sensitive and refined dilatometric facilities. Charpy and his colleague L.Grenet utilized this technique in many of their earlier investigations, which were largely concerned with the transformation points of steel. He began to study the magnetic characteristics of silicon steels in 1902, shortly after their use as transformer laminations had first been proposed by Hadfield and his colleagues in 1900. Charpy was the first to show that the magnetic hysteresis of these alloys decreased rapidly as their grain size increased.The first details of Charpy's pendulum impact testing machine were published in 1901, about two years before Izod read his paper to the British Association. As with Izod's machine, the energy of fracture was measured by the retardation of the pendulum. Charpy's test pieces, however, unlike those of Izod, were in the form of centrally notched beams, freely supported at each end against rigid anvils. This arrangement, it was believed, transmitted less energy to the frame of the machine and allowed the energy of fracture to be more accurately measured. In practice, however, the blow of the pendulum in the Charpy test caused visible distortion in the specimen as a whole. Both tests were still widely used in the 1990s.In 1920 Charpy left Imphy to become Director-General of the Compagnie des Aciéries de la Marine et Homecourt. After his election to the Académie des Sciences in 1918, he came to be associated with Floris Osmond and Henri Le Chatelier as one of the founders of the "French School of Physical Metallurgy". Around the turn of the century he had contributed much to the development of the metallurgical microscope and had helped to introduce the Chatelier thermocouple into the laboratory and to industry. He also popularized the use of platinum-wound resistance furnaces for laboratory purposes. After 1920 his industrial responsibilities increased greatly, although he continued to devote much of his time to teaching at the Ecole Supérieure des Mines in Paris, and at the Ecole Polytechnique. His first book, Leçons de Chimie (1892, Paris), was written at the beginning of his career, in association with H.Gautier. His last, Notions élémentaires de sidérurgie (1946, Paris), with P.Pingault as co-author, was published posthumously.[br]BibliographyCharpy published important metallurgical papers in Comptes rendus… Académie des Sciences, Paris.Further ReadingR.Barthélémy, 1947, "Notice sur la vie et l'oeuvre de Georges Charpy", Notices et discours, Académie des Sciences, Paris (June).M.Caullery, 1945, "Annonce du décès de M.G. Charpy" Comptes rendus Académie des Sciences, Paris 221:677.P.G.Bastien, 1963, "Microscopic metallurgy in France prior to 1920", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgical Society Conference Vol.27, pp. 171–88.ASDBiographical history of technology > Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert
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