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1 Garratt, Herbert William
[br]b. 8 June 1864 London, Englandd. 25 September 1913 Richmond, Surrey, England[br]English engineer, inventor of the Beyer-Garratt articulated locomotive.[br]After apprenticeship at the North London Railway's locomotive works, Garratt had a varied career which included responsibility for the locomotive departments of several British-owned railways overseas. This gave him an insight into the problems of such lines: locomotives, which were often inadequate, had to be operated over lines with weak bridges, sharp curves and steep gradients. To overcome these problems, he designed an articulated locomotive in which the boiler, mounted on a girder frame, was sus pended between two power bogies. This enabled a wide firebox and large-diameter boiler barrel to be combined with large driving-wheels and good visibility. Coal and water containers were mounted directly upon the bogies to keep them steady. The locomotive was inherently stable on curves because the central line of the boiler between its pivots lay within the curve of the centre line of the track. Garratt applied for a patent for his locomotive in 1907 and manufacture was taken up by Beyer, Peacock \& Co. under licence: the type became known as the Beyer-Garratt. The earliest Beyer-Garratt locomotives were small, but subsequent examples were larger. Sadly, only twenty-six locomotives of the type had been built or were under construction when Garratt died in 1913. Subsequent classes came to include some of the largest and most powerful steam locomotives: they were widely used and particularly successful in Central and Southern Africa, where examples continue to give good service in the 1990s.[br]BibliographyH.W.Garratt took out nine British patents, of which the most important is: 1907, British patent no. 17,165, "Improvements in and Relating to Locomotive Engines".Further ReadingR.L.Hills, 1979–80, "The origins of the Garratt locomotive", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 51:175 (a good description of Garratt's career and the construction of the earliest Beyer-Garratt locomotives).A.E.Durrant, 1981, Garratt Locomotives of the World, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles. L.Wiener, 1930, Articulated Locomotives, London: Constable \& Co.See also: Beyer, Charles FrederickPJGRBiographical history of technology > Garratt, Herbert William
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2 гарратт
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3 Beyer, Charles Frederick
[br]b. 14 May 1813 Plauen, Saxony, Germanyd. 2 June 1876 Llantysilio, Denbighshire, Wales[br]German (naturalized British in 1852) engineer, founder of locomotive builders Beyer, Peacock \& Co.[br]Beyer came from a family of poor weavers, but showed talent as an artist and draftsman and was educated at Dresden Polytechnic School. He was sent to England in 1834 to report on improvements in cotton spinning machinery and settled in Manchester, working for the machinery manufacturers Sharp Roberts \& Co., initially as a draftsman. When the firm started to build locomotives he moved to this side of the business. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers was founded at his house in 1847. In 1853 Beyer entered into a partnership with Richard Peacock, Locomotive Engineer to the Manchester, Sheffield \& Lincolnshire Railway, and Henry Robertson to establish Beyer, Peacock \& Co. The company soon established a reputation for soundly designed, elegant locomotives: it exported worldwide, and survived until the 1960s.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1877, Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 47. R.L.Hills, 1967–8 "Some contributions to locomotive development by Beyer, Peacock \& Co.", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 40 (a good description of Beyer, Peacock \& Co's locomotive work).See also: Garratt, Herbert WilliamPJGRBiographical history of technology > Beyer, Charles Frederick
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4 Farnsworth, Philo Taylor
[br]b. 19 August 1906 Beaver, Utah, USAd. 11 March 1971 Salt Lake City, Utah, USA[br]American engineer and independent inventor who was a pioneer in the development of television.[br]Whilst still in high school, Farnsworth became interested in the possibility of television and conceived many of the basic features of a practicable system of TV broadcast and reception. Following two years of study at the Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, in 1926 he cofounded the Crocker Research Laboratories in San Francisco, subsequently Farnsworth Television Inc. (1929) and Farnsworth Radio \& Television Corporation, Fort Wayne, Indiana (1938). There he began a lifetime of research, primarily in the field of television. In 1927, with the backing of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and the collaboration of Vladimir Zworykin, he demonstrated the first all-electronic television system, based on his early ideas for an image dissector tube, the first electronic equivalent of the Nipkow disc. With this rudimentary sixty-line system he was able to transmit a recognizable dollar sign and file the first of many TV patents. From then on he contributed to a variety of developments in the fields of vacuum tubes, radar and atomic-power generation, with patents on cathode ray tubes, amplifying and pick-up tubes, electron multipliers and photoelectric materials.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Radio Engineers Morris Leibmann Memorial Prize 1941.Bibliography1930, British patent nos. 368,309 and 368,721 (for his image dissector).1934, "Television by electron image scanning", Journal of the Franklin Institute 218:411 (describes the complete image-dissector system).Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: A History of the American Television Industry 1925–1941, University of Alabama Press.O.E.Dunlop Jr, 1944, Radio's 100 Men of Science.G.R.M.Garratt \& A.H.Mumford, 1952, "The history of television", Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers III A Television 99.KFBiographical history of technology > Farnsworth, Philo Taylor
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5 Land transport
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertHamilton, Harold LeeIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMa JunMorris, William RichardSauerbrun, Charles de -
6 Railways and locomotives
Biographical history of technology > Railways and locomotives
См. также в других словарях:
Garratt — bezeichnet Herbert William Garratt (1864–1913), englischer Lokomotivkonstrukteur Garratt (Lokomotive), die von H. W. Garratt erfundene Lokomotivbauart Siehe auch: Garrett Diese Seite ist ei … Deutsch Wikipedia
Garratt — For people named Garratt, see Garratt (surname) A Garratt is a type of steam locomotive that is articulated in three parts. Its boiler is mounted on the centre frame, and two steam engines are mounted on separate frames, one on each end of the… … Wikipedia
Garratt — This name is of Norman origin, from either of the personal names Gerard or Gerald introduced into England after the Conquest of 1066. The two names soon became confused, but are recorded separately in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Gerardus and… … Surnames reference
Garratt v. Dailey — 46 Wash 2d 197, 279 P.2d 1091 (Wash. 1955) is a famous tort law case that illustrates the principle of intent for intentional torts. Background Dailey, a 5 year old boy, moved a lawn chair that Ruth Garratt was in the process of sitting down in … Wikipedia
Garratt Lane — is a road in the borough of Wandsworth, London. It connects Wandsworth High Street to Tooting Broadway and is approximately four kilometres long. It passes through both Earlsfield and Summerstown. It has mixed usage along its length. In the north … Wikipedia
Garratt (surname) — Garratt is the surname of:* Herbert William Garratt (1864–1913), mechanical engineer, inventor of the Garratt locomotive typeee also* Garrettsurname|Garratt … Wikipedia
Garratt (Lokomotive) — Werkfoto der K1, der ersten Garratt Die Bauart Garratt ist eine spezielle Bauart von Dampflokomotiven mit zwei separaten Triebwerks Einheiten, welche durch einen Brückenrahmen, der Dampfkessel und Führerstand trägt, verbunden sind. Der Name… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Garratt-Lokomotive — Werkfoto der K1, der ersten Garratt Die Bauart Garratt ist eine spezielle Bauart von Dampflokomotiven mit zwei separaten Triebwerkseinheiten, welche durch einen Brückenrahmen, der Dampfkessel und Führerstand trägt, verbunden sind. Der Name… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Garratt, Mayor of — Probably the most famous of the *mock mayors, even though the last recognized Mayor died in 1810. Garratt was a small hamlet between Wandsworth and Tooting, now in South London but then in the county of Surrey. The election of the Mayor of… … A Dictionary of English folklore
Garratt — noun A steam locomotive that is articulated in three parts, with a boiler mounted on the centre frame, and two steam engines mounted on separate frames, one on each end of the boiler … Wiktionary
Locomotive Garratt — Principe d une Garratt 030+030 … Wikipédia en Français