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1 elucidated
ОбъясненныйБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > elucidated
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2 elucidated
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3 elucidated
Математика: освещённый -
4 elucidated
menerangkan -
5 elucidated
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6 elucidated
высвеченвысвеченный -
7 ELUCIDATED
[A]ENUCLEATUS (-A -UM) -
8 elucidated
vგანმარტა, განმარტებული -
9 elucidated
прояснил; проясненный -
10 an explanation that elucidated his strange behaviour
Общая лексика: объяснение, сделавшее его странное поведение понятнымУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > an explanation that elucidated his strange behaviour
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11 this problem has not been adequately addressed (or elucidated) in the literature
Математика: данная задача не была адекватно освещена в литературеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > this problem has not been adequately addressed (or elucidated) in the literature
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12 elucidate
[ıʹlu:sıdeıt] vпроливать свет; пояснять, разъяснятьan explanation that elucidated his strange behaviour - объяснение, сделавшее его странное поведение понятным
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13 this problem has not been adequately addressed in the literature
Математика: (or elucidated) данная задача не была адекватно освещена в литературеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > this problem has not been adequately addressed in the literature
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14 elucidate
vt.1 aclarar, poner en claro.2 elucidar, interpretar, explicar, ilustrar. (pt & pp elucidated) -
15 elucidate
v проливать свет; пояснять, разъяснятьan explanation that elucidated his strange behaviour — объяснение, сделавшее его странное поведение понятным
Синонимический ряд:1. account for (verb) account; account for; describe; justify; number; rationalise; rationalize2. explicate (verb) clarify; clear; clear up; define; demonstrate; explain; explicate; illuminate; illustrate; interpret; make clear; make plain; showАнтонимический ряд:confuse; darken; mystify; obscure -
16 explained
объяснять; объясненныйСинонимический ряд:1. accounted (verb) accounted; explained away; rationalized2. clarified (verb) clarified; cleared; cleared up; elucidated; illuminated3. illustrated (verb) construed; explicated; expounded; illustrated; interpreted; spell out; spelled out4. justified (verb) account for; justified; rationalised5. solved (verb) clear up; deciphered; figure out; resolved; solved; unravelled -
17 illuminated
освещать; освещенныйСинонимический ряд:1. lighted up (adj.) bright; having ample illumination; having enough light; lighted up; lit up2. luminous (adj.) incandescent; lighted; lit; luminous3. clarified (verb) clarified; clear up; cleared; cleared up; elucidated; explained; illustrated4. edified (verb) edified; enlightened; improved; instructed; irradiated; uplifted5. lit (verb) illumined; lighted or lit; lightened; lit -
18 illustrated
1. n иллюстрированная газета, иллюстрированный журнал2. a иллюстрированныйСинонимический ряд:1. with pictures (adj.) decorated; depicted; embellished with pictures; graphic; pictorial; pictured; portrayed; with photographs; with pictures2. clarified (verb) clarified; cleared; cleared up; elucidated; illuminated3. explained (verb) construed; deciphered; explained; expounded; interpreted; spell out4. represented (verb) bodied forth; emblematized; embodied; epitomised; epitomized; exemplified; instanced; mirrored; personalized; personated; personified; represented; stand for; symbolised; symbolized; typified5. showed/shown or showed (verb) demonstrated; evidenced; evinced; exhibited; manifested; marked; proclaimed; showed/shown or showed -
19 Merica, Paul Dyer
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 17 March 1889 Warsaw, Indiana, USAd. 20 October 1957 Tarrytown, New York, USA[br]American physical metallurgist who elucidated the mechanism of the age-hardening of alloys.[br]Merica graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1908. Before proceeding to the University of Berlin, he spent some time teaching in Wisconsin and in China. He obtained his doctorate in Berlin in 1914, and in that year he joined the US National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in Washington. During his five years there, he investigated the causes of the phenomenon of age-hardening of the important new alloy of aluminium, Duralumin.This phenomenon had been discovered not long before by Dr Alfred Wilm, a German research metallurgist. During the early years of the twentieth century, Wilm had been seeking a suitable light alloy for making cartridge cases for the Prussian government. In the autumn of 1909 he heated and quenched an aluminium alloy containing 3.5 per cent copper and 0.5 per cent magnesium and found its properties unremarkable. He happened to test it again some days later and was impressed to find its hardness and strength were much improved: Wilm had accidentally discovered age-hardening. He patented the alloy, but he made his rights over to Durener Metallwerke, who marketed it as Duralumin. This light and strong alloy was taken up by aircraft makers during the First World War, first for Zeppelins and then for other aircraft.Although age-hardened alloys found important uses, the explanation of the phenomenon eluded metallurgists until in 1919 Merica and his colleagues at the NBS gave the first rational explanation of age-hardening in light alloys. When these alloys were heated to temperatures near their melting points, the alloying constituents were taken into solution by the matrix. Quenching retained the alloying metals in supersaturated solid solution. At room temperature very small crystals of various intermetallic compounds were precipitated and, by inserting themselves in the aluminium lattice, had the effect of increasing the hardness and strength of the alloy. Merica's theory stimulated an intensive study of hardening and the mechanism that brought it about, with important consequences for the development of new alloys with special properties.In 1919 Merica joined the International Nickel Company as Director of Research, a post he held for thirty years and followed by a three-year period as President. He remained in association with the company until his death.[br]Bibliography1919, "Heat treatment and constitution of Duralumin", Sci. Papers, US Bureau of Standards, no. 37; 1932, "The age-hardening of metals", Transactions of the American Institution of Min. Metal 99:13–54 (his two most important papers).Further ReadingZ.Jeffries, 1959, "Paul Dyer Merica", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Science 33:226–39 (contains a list of Merica's publications and biographical details).LRD -
20 Stanley, Robert Crooks
[br]b. 1 August 1876 Little Falls, New Jersey, USAd. 12 February 1951 USA[br]American mining engineer and metallurgist, originator of Monel Metal[br]Robert, the son of Thomas and Ada (Crooks) Stanley, helped to finance his early training at the Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, by working as a manual training instructor at Montclair High School. After graduating in mechanical engineering from Stevens in 1899, and as a mining engineer from the Columbia School of Mines in 1901, he accepted a two-year assignment from the S.S.White Dental Company to investigate platinum-bearing alluvial deposits in British Columbia. This introduced him to the International Nickel Company (Inco), which had been established on 29 March 1902 to amalgamate the major mining companies working the newly discovered cupro-nickel deposits at Sudbury, Ontario. Ambrose Monell, President of Inco, appointed Stanley as Assistant Superintendent of its American Nickel Works at Camden, near Philadelphia, in 1903. At the beginning of 1904 Stanley was General Superintendent of the Orford Refinery at Bayonne, New Jersey, where most of the output of the Sudbury mines was treated.Copper and nickel were separated there from the bessemerized matte by the celebrated "tops and bottoms" process introduced thirteen years previously by R.M.Thompson. It soon occurred to Stanley that such a separation was not invariably required and that, by reducing directly the mixed matte, he could obtain a natural cupronickel alloy which would be ductile, corrosion resistant, and no more expensive to produce than pure copper or nickel. His first experiment, on 30 December 1904, was completely successful. A railway wagon full of bessemerized matte, low in iron, was calcined to oxide, reduced to metal with carbon, and finally desulphurized with magnesium. Ingots cast from this alloy were successfully forged to bars which contained 68 per cent nickel, 23 per cent copper and about 1 per cent iron. The new alloy, originally named after Ambrose Monell, was soon renamed Monel to satisfy trademark requirements. A total of 300,000 ft2 (27,870 m2) of this white, corrosion-resistant alloy was used to roof the Pennsylvania Railway Station in New York, and it also found extensive applications in marine work and chemical plant. Stanley greatly increased the output of the Orford Refinery during the First World War, and shortly after becoming President of the company in 1922, he established a new Research and Development Division headed initially by A.J.Wadham and then by Paul D. Merica, who at the US Bureau of Standards had first elucidated the mechanism of age-hardening in alloys. In the mid- 1920s a nickel-ore body of unprecedented size was identified at levels between 2,000 and 3,000 ft (600 and 900 m) below the Frood Mine in Ontario. This property was owned partially by Inco and partially by the Mond Nickel Company. Efficient exploitation required the combined economic resources of both companies. They merged on 1 January 1929, when Mond became part of International Nickel. Stanley remained President of the new company until February 1949 and was Chairman from 1937 until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAmerican Society for Metals Gold Medal. Institute of Metals Platinum Medal 1948.Further ReadingF.B.Howard-White, 1963, Nickel, London: Methuen (a historical review).ASD
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