Eleuthĕrĭa

ἐλευθερία, ας, ἡ (Pind., Hdt.; ins, pap, LXX, Philo, Joseph.; Just., D. 1, 5; Tat. 7, 1; Mel., P. 49, 353; 68, 490) the state of being free, freedom, liberty (for a Hellenic perspective Dio Chrys. 30 and 80; opp. δουλεία: Jos., Bell. 7, 255) 2 Pt 2:19; IPol 4:3; Hs 5, 2, 7. Esp. of freedom which stands in contrast to constraint of the Mosaic law, looked upon as slavery Gal 2:4; 5:1 (τῇ ἐ. dat. of advantage for freedom. KRengstorf, TLZ 76, ’51, 659–62). In contrast to legal serfdom, Js 1:25 refers to νόμος τ. ἐλευθερίας (FNötscher, Vom AT zum NT, ’62, 80–122 [Qumran]); 2:12 (on both Js-passages s. EStauffer, TLZ 77, ’52, 527–32).—In gener. of the liberty of a Christian (cp. Philo, Conf. Lingu. 94, Migr. Abr. 25, Rer. Div. Her. 124; 273; 275) 1 Cor 10:29; 2 Cor 3:17. ἐπʼ ἐλευθερίᾳ καλεῖσθαι be called for freedom (=to be free; cp. Plut., Sulla 9, 14; SIG² 845, 4; 8; BGU 1141, 24 [14 B.C.].—Lucian, Sat. 9 ἐπὶ τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ ζῶμεν) Gal 5:13a (s. καλέω 4). This freedom must not degenerate into license (Iren. 4, 37, 4 [Harv. II 288, 11]; cp. 4, 39, 3 [Harv. II 300, 4]) vs. 13b; 1 Pt 2:16. In contrast to the slavery of corruption stands the ἐ. τῆς δόξης τῶν τέκνων τοῦ θεοῦ the glorious freedom of God’s children Ro 8:21.—JWeiss, D. christl. Freih. nach der Verkünd. des Ap. Pls 1902; ABonhöffer, Epiktet u. d. NT 1911, 164; RBultmann, ZNW 13, 1912, 97ff; 177ff (esp. 100ff), Theol. des NT ’48, 326–48, Theology of the NT, tr. KGrobel ’51, I 330–45; OSchmitz, D. Freiheitsged. b. Epikt. u. d. Freiheitszeugnis d. Pls 1923; Mich. Müller, Freiheit: ZNW 25, 1926, 177–236; KDeissner, Autorität u. Freiheit im ältesten Christentum ’31; WBrandt, Freiheit im NT ’32; EGulin, D. Freiheit in d. Verk. d. Pls.: ZST 18, ’41, 458–81; EFuchs, D. Freiheit des Glaubens (Ro 5–8) ’49; HWedell, Idea of Freedom … in Paul: ATR 32, ’50, 204–16; AWilder, Eleutheria in the NT, Ecumenical Review (Geneva) 13, ’61, 409–20; KNiederwimmer, D. Begriff d. Freiheit im NT, ’66; idem, EDNT I 432–34; DNestle, Eleutheria, I: Die Griechen, ’67; MPohlenz, Freedom in Greek Life and Thought, 1900, esp. 170–74.—RAC VIII 269–306.—DELG s.v. ἐλεύθερος. M-M. TW. Sv.

lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.

Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person's freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.:

si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf.

5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:

nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu,

I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40:

judicium,

Quint. 6, 3, 32:

liberale conjugium,

a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.—Pleon.:

ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.—

Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).

In gen.:

ingenium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41:

artes liberales,

befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci eleutheria mathêmata appellant;

rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae,

Dig. 50, 13, 1:

hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.:

omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint,

id. Off. 1, 42, 150:

liberalissima studia,

id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

spes liberalioris fortunae,

of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26:

responsum,

kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.—

In partic.

Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus):

liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:

benefici liberalesque,

id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.:

liberalissimi et beneficentissimi,

id. ib. 14, 51:

liberalissimus munificentissimusque,

id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22:

virtus munifica et liberalis,

id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

largus, beneficus, liberalis,

id. Deiot. 9, 26.—

With gen.:

laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant,

Sall. C. 7, 6.—

With in and acc.:

in omne genus hominum liberalissimus,

Suet. Vesp. 7. —

Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant:

largum et liberale viaticum,

Cic. Fl. 6, 14:

potio,

Cels. 3, 6:

liberalius alimentum,

id. 8, 10, 7.—

Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.):

illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60:

lepidā et liberali formast,

id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50:

species,

id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.

In gen.:

homo liberaliter educatus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:

eruditi,

id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:

vivere,

id. Lael. 23, 86:

servire,

i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:

respondere,

kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18:

oratione aliquem prosequi,

id. ib. 2, 5.—

In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally:

benigne ac liberaliter,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

large et liberaliter,

id. ib. 2, 3, 88, §

204: instructus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 61.— Comp.:

vivo paulo liberalius,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3:

nec potui accipi liberalius,

id. Att. 16, 6, 1:

ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus,

Quint. 6, 3, 19:

ubi liberalius malos odimus,

more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.— Sup.:

dotem largiri liberalissime,

App. M. 10, p. 250, 13:

liberalissime polliceri,

Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.

Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17 th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713:

Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur,

Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15:

sacra,

id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411:

Liberalia tu accusas,

Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:

Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas,

id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.—Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Dionusia. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib.

lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.

Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person's freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.:

si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf.

5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:

nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu,

I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40:

judicium,

Quint. 6, 3, 32:

liberale conjugium,

a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.—Pleon.:

ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.—

Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).

In gen.:

ingenium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41:

artes liberales,

befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci eleutheria mathêmata appellant;

rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae,

Dig. 50, 13, 1:

hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.:

omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint,

id. Off. 1, 42, 150:

liberalissima studia,

id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

spes liberalioris fortunae,

of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26:

responsum,

kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.—

In partic.

Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus):

liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:

benefici liberalesque,

id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.:

liberalissimi et beneficentissimi,

id. ib. 14, 51:

liberalissimus munificentissimusque,

id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22:

virtus munifica et liberalis,

id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

largus, beneficus, liberalis,

id. Deiot. 9, 26.—

With gen.:

laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant,

Sall. C. 7, 6.—

With in and acc.:

in omne genus hominum liberalissimus,

Suet. Vesp. 7. —

Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant:

largum et liberale viaticum,

Cic. Fl. 6, 14:

potio,

Cels. 3, 6:

liberalius alimentum,

id. 8, 10, 7.—

Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.):

illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60:

lepidā et liberali formast,

id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50:

species,

id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.

In gen.:

homo liberaliter educatus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:

eruditi,

id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:

vivere,

id. Lael. 23, 86:

servire,

i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:

respondere,

kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18:

oratione aliquem prosequi,

id. ib. 2, 5.—

In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally:

benigne ac liberaliter,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

large et liberaliter,

id. ib. 2, 3, 88, §

204: instructus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 61.— Comp.:

vivo paulo liberalius,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3:

nec potui accipi liberalius,

id. Att. 16, 6, 1:

ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus,

Quint. 6, 3, 19:

ubi liberalius malos odimus,

more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.— Sup.:

dotem largiri liberalissime,

App. M. 10, p. 250, 13:

liberalissime polliceri,

Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.

Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17 th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713:

Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur,

Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15:

sacra,

id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411:

Liberalia tu accusas,

Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:

Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas,

id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.—Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Dionusia. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib.

lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.

Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person's freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.:

si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf.

5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:

nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu,

I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40:

judicium,

Quint. 6, 3, 32:

liberale conjugium,

a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.—Pleon.:

ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.—

Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).

In gen.:

ingenium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41:

artes liberales,

befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci eleutheria mathêmata appellant;

rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae,

Dig. 50, 13, 1:

hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.:

omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint,

id. Off. 1, 42, 150:

liberalissima studia,

id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

spes liberalioris fortunae,

of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26:

responsum,

kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.—

In partic.

Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus):

liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:

benefici liberalesque,

id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.:

liberalissimi et beneficentissimi,

id. ib. 14, 51:

liberalissimus munificentissimusque,

id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22:

virtus munifica et liberalis,

id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

largus, beneficus, liberalis,

id. Deiot. 9, 26.—

With gen.:

laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant,

Sall. C. 7, 6.—

With in and acc.:

in omne genus hominum liberalissimus,

Suet. Vesp. 7. —

Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant:

largum et liberale viaticum,

Cic. Fl. 6, 14:

potio,

Cels. 3, 6:

liberalius alimentum,

id. 8, 10, 7.—

Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.):

illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60:

lepidā et liberali formast,

id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50:

species,

id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.

In gen.:

homo liberaliter educatus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:

eruditi,

id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:

vivere,

id. Lael. 23, 86:

servire,

i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:

respondere,

kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18:

oratione aliquem prosequi,

id. ib. 2, 5.—

In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally:

benigne ac liberaliter,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

large et liberaliter,

id. ib. 2, 3, 88, §

204: instructus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 61.— Comp.:

vivo paulo liberalius,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3:

nec potui accipi liberalius,

id. Att. 16, 6, 1:

ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus,

Quint. 6, 3, 19:

ubi liberalius malos odimus,

more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.— Sup.:

dotem largiri liberalissime,

App. M. 10, p. 250, 13:

liberalissime polliceri,

Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.

Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17 th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713:

Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur,

Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15:

sacra,

id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411:

Liberalia tu accusas,

Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:

Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas,

id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.—Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Dionusia. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib.