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1 Dreux
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2 Robert, Nicolas Louis
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 2 December 1761 Paris, Franced. 8 August 1828 Dreux, France[br]French inventor of the papermaking machine.[br]Robert was born into a prosperous family and received a fair education, after which he became a lawyer's clerk. In 1780, however, he enlisted in the Army and joined the artillery, serving with distinction in the West Indies, where he fought against the English. When dissatisfied with his prospects, Robert returned to Paris and obtained a post as proof-reader to the firm of printers and publishers owned by the Didot family. They were so impressed with his abilities that they promoted him, c. 1790, to "clerk inspector of workmen" at their paper mill at Essonnes, south of Paris, under the control of Didot St Leger.It was there that Robert conceived the idea of a continuous papermaking machine. In 1797 he made a model of it and, after further models, he obtained a patent in 1798. The paper was formed on a continuously revolving wire gauze, from which the sheets were lifted off and hung up to dry. Didot was at first scathing, but he came round to encouraging Robert to make a success of the machine. However, they quarrelled over the financial arrangements and Robert left to try setting up his own mill near Rouen. He failed for lack of capital, and in 1800 he returned to Essonnes and sold his patent to Didot for part cash, part proceeds from the operation of the mill. Didot left for England to enlist capital and technical skills to exploit the invention, while Robert was left in charge at Essonnes. It was the Fourdrinier brothers and Bryan Donkin who developed the papermaking machine into a form in which it could succeed. Meanwhile the mill at Essonnes under Robert's direction had begun to falter and declined to the point where it had to be sold. He had never received the full return from the sale of his patent, but he managed to recover his rights in it. This profited him little, for Didot obtained a patent in France for the Fourdrinier machine and had two examples erected in 1814 and the following year, respectively, neatly side-tracking Robert, who was now without funds or position. To support himself and his family, Robert set up a primary school in Dreux and there passed his remaining years. Although it was the Fourdrinier papermaking machine that was generally adopted, it is Robert who deserves credit for the original initiative.[br]Further ReadingR.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Papermaking Machine, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 279–83 (provides a full description of Robert's invention and patent, together with a biography).LRD
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Dreux — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Dreux Escudo … Wikipedia Español
Dreux — Dreux … Deutsch Wikipedia
Dreux — [drø], Stadt im Département Eure et Loir, Region Centre, Frankreich, 35 200 Einwohner; regionales Handels und Industriezentrum mit Elektro , Papier , Metall , Fahrzeugindustrie. Stadtbild: Wachturm (1512 31), Kirche Saint Pierre (13. 15.… … Universal-Lexikon
DREUX — (Heb. דרו״שׁ), town in the Eure et Loire department, France, 53 mi. (86 km.) S.W. of Paris. During the Middle Ages, the Jews of Dreux were numerous enough to occupy their own quarter, which was remembered as the rue des Juifs up until the 19th… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Dreux — Surtout porté dans la Sarthe, doit désigner dans la plupart des cas celui qui est originaire de Dreux (28) … Noms de famille
Dreux — (fr., spr. Dröh), 1) Arrondissement im französischen Departement Eure u. Loire; hat 221/8 QM. u. 71,500 Ew. in 7 Cantonen; 2) Hauptstadt darin, an der Blaise; Civil u. Handelstribunal; Seidenweberei, Handel mit Vieh, Tuch u. Leinwand; neue von… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Dreux — (spr. drö), Arrondissementshauptstadt im franz. Depart. Eure et Loir, an der Blaise, Knotenpunkt an der Westbahn, unfern des Waldes von D. gelegen, hat die Kirche St. Pierre, aus verschiedenen Epoch en, ein Stadthaus aus dem 16. Jahrh., ein… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Dreux — (spr. drö), Stadt im franz. Dep. Eure et Loir, an der Blaise, (1901) 9697 E.; Gerberei, Handel; Familiengruft des Hauses Orléans. Hier 19. Dez. 1562 Niederlage der Hugenotten unter Condé … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Dreux — (Drö), franz. Stadt im Departem. Eure Loire, 4 M. von Chartres mit 6800 E., Bijouterie , Leder , Seide und Baumwollefabriken; in der goth. Kirche das Familienbegräbniß der Orleans. Niederlage der Hugenotten 19. Dezbr. 1562 … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Dreux — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Dreux (homonymie). 48° 44′ 14″ N 1° 21′ 59″ E … Wikipédia en Français
Dreux — For the saint of this name, see Saint Drogo. Dreux Saint Pierre church … Wikipedia
