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Математика: Крукс -
4 Crookes
n. 크록스(영국의 과학자) -
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crookes tüpü -
8 Crookes dark space
Crookes dark space crookesscher Dunkelraum mEnglish-German dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Electronics > Crookes dark space
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Crookes tube crookessche Röhre fEnglish-German dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Electronics > Crookes tube
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crookes tüpü -
11 Crookes, Sir William
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 17 June 1832 London, Englandd. 4 April 1919 London, England[br]English chemist and physicist who carried out studies of electrical discharges and cathode rays in rarefied gases, leading to the development of the cathode ray tube; discoverer of the element thallium and the principle of the Crookes radiometer.[br]Crookes entered the Royal College of Chemistry at the age of 15, and from 1850 to 1854 held the appointment of Assistant at the college. In 1854 he became Superintendent of the Meteorological Department at the Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford. He moved to a post at the College of Science in Chester the following year. Soon after this he inherited a large fortune and set up his own private laboratory in London. There he studied the nature of electrical discharges in gases at low pressure and discovered the dark space (later named after him) that surrounds the negative electrode, or cathode. He also established that the rays produced in the process (subsequently shown by J.J.Thompson to be a stream of electrons) not only travelled in straight lines, but were also capable of producing heat and/or light upon impact with suitable anode materials. Using a variety of new methods to investigate these "cathode" rays, he applied them to the spectral analysis of compounds of selenium and, as a result, in 1861 he discovered the element thallium, finally establishing its atomic weight in 1873. Following his discovery of thallium, he became involved in two main lines of research: the properties of rarified gases, and the investigation of the elements of the "rare earths". It was also during these experiments that he discovered the principle of the Crookes radiometer, a device in which light is converted into rotational motion and which used to be found frequently in the shop windows of English opticians. Also among the fruits of this work were the Crookes tubes and the development of spectacle lenses with differential ranges of radiational absorption. In the 1870s he became interested in spiritualism and acquired a reputation for his studies of psychic phenomena, but at the turn of the century he returned to traditional scientific investigations. In 1892 he wrote about the possibility of wireless telegraphy. His work in the field of radioactivity led to the invention of the spinthariscope, an early type of detector of alpha particles. In 1900 he undertook investigations into uranium which led to the study of scintillation, an important tool in the study of radioactivity.While the theoretical basis of his work has not stood the test of time, his material discoveries, observations and investigations of new facts formed a basis on which others such as J.J. Thomson were to develop subatomic theory. His later involvement in the investigation of spiritualism led to much criticism, but could be justified on the basis of a belief in the duty to investigate all phenomena.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1897. Order of Merit 1910. FRS 1863. President, Royal Society 1913–15. Honorary LLD Birmingham. Honorary DSc Oxon, Cambridge, Sheffield, Durham, Ireland and Cape of Good Hope.Bibliography1874, On Attraction and Repulsion Resulting from Radiation.1874, "Researches in the phenomenon of spiritualism", Society of Metaphysics; reprinted in facsimile, 1986.For many years he was also Proprietor and Editor of Chemical News.Further ReadingE.E.Fournier D'Albe, 1923, Life of Sir William Crookes. Who Was Who II, 1916–28, London: A. \& C. Black. T.I.Williams, 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists. See also Braun, Karl Ferdinand.KF / MG -
12 Crookes dark space
< phys> ■ Crookes'scher Dunkelraum m ; crookesscher Dunkelraum m ; Hittorf'scher Dunkelraum m ; hittorfscher Dunkelraum m -
13 Crookes dark space
ruang gelap Crookes -
14 crookes tube
tabung crookes -
15 Crookes dark space
nELECTRON, PHYS espacio oscuro de Crookes m -
16 Crookes glass
nC&G vidrio de Crookes m -
17 Crookes tube
nELECTRON tubo de Crookes m -
18 Crookes' lens
s.lente de Crookes. -
19 Crookes' space
s.espacio de Crookes. -
20 Crookes' tube
s.tubo de Crookes.
См. также в других словарях:
CROOKES (W.) — CROOKES sir WILLIAM (1832 1919) Après des études au Collège royal de chimie, Crookes est nommé assistant de météorologie à Oxford (1854) et enseigne la chimie à Chester (1855). Ayant hérité de son père une fortune importante, il se consacre… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Crookes F.C. — Crookes Football Club was a football club based in the suburb of Crookes in Sheffield. They changed their name to Sheffield Aurora in 1990, after playing their home games at the Aurora Sports Club, Bawtry Road for a number of years previous. The… … Wikipedia
Crookes — [krʊks], Sir (seit 1897) William, britischer Chemiker und Physiker, * London 17. 6. 1832, ✝ ebenda 4. 4. 1919; war 1850 54 Assistent von A. W. Hofmann in London und 1854 56 Meteorologe am Radcliffe Observatorium in Oxford, danach… … Universal-Lexikon
Crookes — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Crookes es un suburbio de la ciudad de Sheffield (Inglaterra), cerca de 2.5 kilómetros (1.5 millas) al oeste del centro de ciudad. Linda con Broomhill al sur, con Walkley y Crookesmoor al este y con campo abierto… … Wikipedia Español
Crookes — (sir William) (1832 1919) chimiste et physicien anglais. Il découvrit en 1878 la composition des rayons cathodiques et mit au point le tube (cathodique) de Crookes … Encyclopédie Universelle
crookes — crookes; crookes·ite; … English syllables
Crookes — (spr. kruks), William, Physiker und Chemiker, geb. 1832 in London, trat 1848 in das College of chemistry und arbeitete daselbst 1850–54 als Assistent bei A. W. Hofmann, ging dann nach Oxford als Beamter des Radcliffe Observatoriums und 1855 als… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Crookes — (spr. kruks), William, Physiker und Chemiker, geb. 1832 zu London, 1855 59 Lehrer der Chemie in Chester, seitdem ohne Amt in London; gibt seit 1864 das »Quarterly Journal of sciences« heraus, entdeckte 1861 das Thallium, erfand 1874 das… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Crookes — [krooks] Sir William 1832 1919; Eng. chemist & physicist … English World dictionary
Crookes — Coordinates: 53°23′02″N 1°30′29″W / 53.384°N 1.508°W / 53.384; 1.508 … Wikipedia
Crookes — William Crookes Sir William Crookes (* 17. Juni 1832 in London; † 4. April 1919 ebenda) war ein englischer Physiker, Chemiker, Wissenschaftsjournalist und Parapsychologe … Deutsch Wikipedia