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1 Crompton
(Surnames) Crompton /ˈkrʌmptən/ -
2 Crompton
['krʌmptən]"Кра́мптон" ( марка генераторов и электрических моторов одноимённой фирмы)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Crompton
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3 Crompton, Samuel
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 3 December 1753 Firwood, near Bolton, Lancashire, Englandd. 26 June 1827 Bolton, Lancashire, England[br]English inventor of the spinning mule.[br]Samuel Crompton was the son of a tenant farmer, George, who became the caretaker of the old house Hall-i-th-Wood, near Bolton, where he died in 1759. As a boy, Samuel helped his widowed mother in various tasks at home, including weaving. He liked music and made his own violin, with which he later was to earn some money to pay for tools for building his spinning mule. He was set to work at spinning and so in 1769 became familiar with the spinning jenny designed by James Hargreaves; he soon noticed the poor quality of the yarn produced and its tendency to break. Crompton became so exasperated with the jenny that in 1772 he decided to improve it. After seven years' work, in 1779 he produced his famous spinning "mule". He built the first one entirely by himself, principally from wood. He adapted rollers similar to those already patented by Arkwright for drawing out the cotton rovings, but it seems that he did not know of Arkwright's invention. The rollers were placed at the back of the mule and paid out the fibres to the spindles, which were mounted on a moving carriage that was drawn away from the rollers as the yarn was paid out. The spindles were rotated to put in twist. At the end of the draw, or shortly before, the rollers were stopped but the spindles continued to rotate. This not only twisted the yarn further, but slightly stretched it and so helped to even out any irregularities; it was this feature that gave the mule yarn extra quality. Then, after the spindles had been turned backwards to unwind the yarn from their tips, they were rotated in the spinning direction again and the yarn was wound on as the carriage was pushed up to the rollers.The mule was a very versatile machine, making it possible to spin almost every type of yarn. In fact, Samuel Crompton was soon producing yarn of a much finer quality than had ever been spun in Bolton, and people attempted to break into Hall-i-th-Wood to see how he produced it. Crompton did not patent his invention, perhaps because it consisted basically of the essential features of the earlier machines of Hargreaves and Arkwright, or perhaps through lack of funds. Under promise of a generous subscription, he disclosed his invention to the spinning industry, but was shabbily treated because most of the promised money was never paid. Crompton's first mule had forty-eight spindles, but it did not long remain in its original form for many people started to make improvements to it. The mule soon became more popular than Arkwright's waterframe because it could spin such fine yarn, which enabled weavers to produce the best muslin cloth, rivalling that woven in India and leading to an enormous expansion in the British cotton-textile industry. Crompton eventually saved enough capital to set up as a manufacturer himself and around 1784 he experimented with an improved carding engine, although he was not successful. In 1800, local manufacturers raised a sum of £500 for him, and eventually in 1812 he received a government grant of £5,000, but this was trifling in relation to the immense financial benefits his invention had conferred on the industry, to say nothing of his expenses. When Crompton was seeking evidence in 1811 to support his claim for financial assistance, he found that there were 4,209,570 mule spindles compared with 155,880 jenny and 310,516 waterframe spindles. He later set up as a bleacher and again as a cotton manufacturer, but only the gift of a small annuity by his friends saved him from dying in total poverty.[br]Further ReadingH.C.Cameron, 1951, Samuel Crompton, Inventor of the Spinning Mule, London (a rather discursive biography).Dobson \& Barlow Ltd, 1927, Samuel Crompton, the Inventor of the Spinning Mule, Bolton.G.J.French, 1859, The Life and Times of Samuel Crompton, Inventor of the Spinning Machine Called the Mule, London.The invention of the mule is fully described in H. Gatling, 1970, The Spinning Mule, Newton Abbot; W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London; R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester.C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press (provides a brief account).RLH -
4 Crompton, Rookes Evelyn Bell
[br]b. 31 May 1845 near Thirsk, Yorkshire, Englandd. 15 February 1940 Azerley Chase, Ripon, Yorkshire, England[br]English electrical and transport engineer.[br]Crompton was the youngest son of a widely travelled diplomat who had retired to the country and become a Whig MP after the Reform Act of 1832. During the Crimean War Crompton's father was in Gibraltar as a commander in the militia. Young Crompton enrolled as a cadet and sailed to Sebastopol, visiting an older brother, and, although only 11 years old, he qualified for the Crimean Medal. Returning to England, he was sent to Harrow, where he showed an aptitude for engineering. In the holidays he made a steam road engine on his father's estate. On leaving school he was commissioned into the Rifle Brigade and spent four years in India, where he worked on a system of steam road haulage to replace bullock trains. Leaving the Army in 1875, Crompton bought a share in an agricultural and general engineering business in Chelmsford, intending to develop his interests in transport. He became involved in the newly developing technology of electric arc lighting and began importing electric lighting equipment made by Gramme in Paris. Crompton soon decided that he could manufacture better equipment himself, and the Chemlsford business was transformed into Crompton \& Co., electrical engineers. After lighting a number of markets and railway stations, Crompton won contracts for lighting the new Law Courts in London, in 1882, and the Ring Theatre in Vienna in 1883. Crompton's interests then broadened to include domestic electrical appliances, especially heating and cooking apparatus, which provided a daytime load when lighting was not required. In 1899 he went to South Africa with the Electrical Engineers Volunteer Corps, providing telegraphs and searchlights in the Boer War. He was appointed Engineer to the new Road Board in 1910, and during the First World War worked for the Government on engineering problems associated with munitions and tanks. He believed strongly in the value of engineering standards, and in 1906 became the first Secretary of the International Electrotechnical Commission.[br]Bibliography1928, Reminiscences.Further ReadingB.Bowers, 1969, R.E.B.Crompton. Pioneer Electrical Engineer, London: Science Museum.BBBiographical history of technology > Crompton, Rookes Evelyn Bell
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5 Crompton, Thomas Bonsor
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 1791/2 d. 1858[br]English papermaker and inventor of a, drying machine.[br]The papermaking machine developed by the Fourdrinier brothers in 1807 produced a reel of paper which was cut into sheets, which were then hung up to dry in a loft. The paper often became badly cockled as a result, and ways were sought to improve the drying part of the process. Drying cylinders were introduced, but the first real benefit came from the use of dry felt in Crompton's drying machine. Various materials could be used, but Crompton found that felt made from linen wrap and a woollen weft was best. In 1820 he took out a patent for steam-heated drying cylinders, and in the following year a patent for a cutter to cut the paper reel into sheets. With Crompton's improvements, the papermaking machine assumed its modern form in essentials. In 1839 Crompton installed centrifugal air fans for reciprocating suction pumps in the suction boxes to extract water from the paper on the continuous wire mould. Crompton owned and operated a successful paper mill at Farnworth in Lancashire, supplying the principal merchants and newspaper publishers in London. He was also a cotton manufacturer and, for a time, owned the Morning Post and other newspapers. By the time he died in 1858 he had amassed a considerable fortune.[br]Further ReadingR.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Paper-making Machine, London: Pergamon Press.LRDBiographical history of technology > Crompton, Thomas Bonsor
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6 Crompton and Jervis' Exchequer Reports
Юридический термин: сборник решений суда казначейства (составители Кромптон и Джервис, 1830-1832)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Crompton and Jervis' Exchequer Reports
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7 Crompton and Knowles weft-mixing loom
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Crompton and Knowles weft-mixing loom
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8 Crompton and Meeson's Exchequer Reports
Юридический термин: сборник решений суда казначейства (составители Кромптон и Мисон, 1832-1834), сборник решений суда казначейства, составители Кромптон и Мисон (1832-1834)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Crompton and Meeson's Exchequer Reports
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9 Crompton loom
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10 Crompton's Star Chamber Cases
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Crompton's Star Chamber Cases
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11 Crompton's dobby
Текстиль: одноподъёмная каретка системы Кромптона -
12 Crompton, Meeson and Roscoe's Reports
Юридический термин: сборник судебных решений, составители Кромптон, Мисон и Роскоу (1834-1836)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Crompton, Meeson and Roscoe's Reports
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13 Crompton and Knowles weft-mixing loom
автоматический бесшатровый двухчелночный ткацкий станок системы Кромптона и НоулсаАнгло-русский словарь текстильной промышленности > Crompton and Knowles weft-mixing loom
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14 crompton loom
Англо-русский словарь текстильной промышленности > crompton loom
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15 crompton's dobby
Англо-русский словарь текстильной промышленности > crompton's dobby
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16 Crompton's dobby
English-Russian dictionary on textile and sewing industry > Crompton's dobby
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17 Alfred Crompton Amusement Machines Ltd v Customs and Excise Commissioners
гос. упр., юр., брит. ""Альфред Кромптон Эмьюзмент Мэчинз Лтд" против комиссаров Управления таможенных пошлин и акцизных сборов"* (название судебного прецедента 1974 г.; суд пришел к выводу, что, когда требования раскрытия конфиденциальности противоречат положению о неприкосновенности общественного интереса, выбор следует сделать в пользу общественного интереса)Syn:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > Alfred Crompton Amusement Machines Ltd v Customs and Excise Commissioners
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18 C. and K.
(Crompton and Knowles Corporation) английская фирма "Кромптон-Наулс" по производству текстильного оборудования -
19 C. and K.
(Crompton and Knowles Corporation) английская фирма "Кромптон-Наулс" по производству текстильного оборудования -
20 Belling, Charles Reginald
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 11 May 1884 Bodmin, Cornwall, Englandd. 8 February 1965 while on a cruise[br]English electrical engineer best known as the pioneer of the wire-wound clay-former heating element which made possible the efficient domestic electric fire.[br]Belling was educated at Burts Grammar School in Lostwithiel, Cornwall, and at Crossley Schools in Halifax, Yorkshire. In 1903 he was apprenticed to Crompton \& Co. at Chelmsford in Essex, the firm that in 1894 offered for sale the earliest electric heaters. These electric radiant panels were intended as heating radiators or cooking hotplates, but were not very successful because, being cast-iron panels into which heating wires had been embedded in enamel, they tended to fracture due to the different rates of thermal expansion of the iron and the enamel. Other designs of electric heaters followed, notably the introduction of large, sausage-shaped carbon filament bulbs fitted into a fire frame and backed by reflectors. This was the idea of H. Dowsing, a collaborator of Crompton, in 1904.After qualifying in 1906, Belling left Crompton \& Co. and went to work for Ediswan at Ponders End in Hertfordshire. He left in 1912 to set up his own business, which he began in a small shed in Enfield. With a small staff and capital of £450, he took out his first patent for his wire-wound-former electric fire in the same year. The resistance wire, made from nickel-chrome alloy such as that patented in 1906 by A.L. Marsh, was coiled round a clay former. Six such bars were attached to a cast-iron frame with heating control knobs, and the device was marketed as the Standard Belling Fire. Advertised in 1912, the fire was an immediate success and was followed by many other variations. Improvements to the first model included wire safety guards, enamel finishes and a frame ornamented with copper and brass.Belling turned his attention to hotplates, cookers, immersion heaters, electric irons, water urns and kettles, producing the Modernette Cooker (1919), the multi-parabola fire bar (1921), the plate and dish warmer (1924), the storage heater (1926) and the famous Baby Belling cookers, the first of which appeared in 1929. By 1955 business had developed so well that Belling opened another factory at Burnley, Lancashire. He partly underwrote, for the amount of £1 million, a proposed scientific technical college for the electrical industry at Enfield.[br]Further Reading1985, Dictionary of Business Biography, Butterworth.G.Jukes, 1963, The Story of Belling, Belling and Co. Ltd (produced by the company in its Golden Jubilee year).DYBiographical history of technology > Belling, Charles Reginald
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Crompton [1] — Crompton (spr. krommt n), Fabrikstadt in Lancashire (England), 4 km westlich von Oldham, mit (1901) 13,427 Einw … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Crompton [2] — Crompton (spr. krommt n), Samuel, Mechaniker, geb. 3. Dez. 1753 zu Firwood in Lancashire, zog 1757 nach Hall in the Wood und starb daselbst 26. Jan. 1827. Er konstruierte 1774–79 die vollkommenste Spinnmaschine, die (in wesentlicher Verbesserung) … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Crompton — (spr. krommt n), Fabrikstadt in der engl. Grafsch. Lancaster, bei Oldham, (1901) 13.427 E … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Crompton [2] — Crompton (spr. krommt n), Samuel, engl. Mechaniker, geb. 3. Dez. 1753 zu Firwood (Lancashire), gest. 26. Jan. 1827 zu Hall in the Wood, Erfinder der Mulemaschine. – Biogr. von French (2. Aufl. 1860) … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Crompton — (Krömmtʼn), engl. Stadt in der Grafschaft Lancaster, mit 6800 E., großen Baumwollenfabriken … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Crompton — Crompton, Samuel … Enciclopedia Universal
Crompton — [ krʌmptən], Samuel, britischer Erfinder, * Firewood Fold (bei Bolton) 3. 12. 1753, ✝ Bolton 26. 6. 1827; entwickelte zwischen 1774 und 1779 eine »Mule Jenny« genannte Spinnmaschine, die sich durch selbsttätige Garnzuführung über ein (1738 von… … Universal-Lexikon