Cho

Grammatical information: f. (on the fem. gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 34).

Meaning: `going, road, street, ride, journey, march' (Il.), metaph. `way out, means' (Pi., IA.).

Compounds: Many compp., e.g. ὁδο-ποιέω `to open a path, to make one's way' (Att.) with - ποιία f. `road construction' (X.), - ποιός m. `roadworker' (X., Aeschin., Arist.); ὁδοι-πόρος m. `wayfarer, wanderer' (Ω 375, trag., com.) with - πορία, - ίη `journey (on land)' (h. Merc. 85, Hp., Hdt., X.), - πορέω `to cover a distance, to travel, to journey (through)' (ion., trag.); ὁδοι-δόκος m. `bushranger (Plb.; Wackernagel Unt. 26); on the 1 member with retained locatival inlection to avoid a sequence of three shorts Schwyzer 239 a. 452 w. n. 5, Schw.-Debrunner 155. -- As 2. member e.g. in εὔ-οδος `well-roaded' with εὑοδ-ία, - έω, - όω (Att.), also in εἴσ-, ἔξ-, μέθ-, σύν-οδος etc. `entrance etc.' (since κ 90) replacing lacking verbal nouns of εἰσ-ιέναι (*εἴσ-ι-σι-ς: Skt. - i-ti-) etc. (Schwyzer-Debrunner 356 n. 2 w. lit., Porzig Satzinhalte 201).

Derivatives: 1. ὅδιος ( ἐν-, παρ-, ἐφ- a.o.) `affiliated with the road' (Il.); 2. τὰ ὁδαῖα n. pl. `goods, in which one trades on the way' (θ 163, ο 445; cf. ὁδάω below); 3. - οδικός a.o. in μεθοδ-ικός `methodical, systematic' (hell.); 4. ὁδωτός `equipped with, passable, doable' (S. OK 495; cf. ὁδόω); 5. ὁδίτης ( παρ- a. o.) m. `traveler, wayfarer' (Il.; extens. Redard 31ff. w. lit.); 6. ὅδισμα n. `road construction' (A. Pers. 71 [lyr.]; as if from *ὁδίζω after τείχισμα a.o.). Denominative verbs: 7. ὁδεύω, very often with prefix, e.g. δι-, ἐξ-, μεθ-, παρ-, συν- (partly from δί-οδος etc.) `to travel by road, to travel, to wander' (since Λ 569) with (-) ὅδευσις (IA.) a.o.; 8. ὁδόω `to show the way, to lead' (Hdt., A., E.); 9. ὁδάω ( ἐξ-) `to sell' (E. Kyk.); ὁδεῖν πωλεῖν H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [887] * sod- `course'

Etymology: With ὁδός agrees a Slavic word for `course etc.', e.g. OCS chodъ m. ' βάδισμα, δρόμος', Russ. chód `course, progress', which like ὁδός very often occurs with prefix and may have its initial ( ch- for s-) exactly from prefixcompp. ( pri-, u-, per-). These compp. justify also the furher connexion with Indo-Iran. verbs like Skt. ā-sad- `tread on, go on', Av. apa-had- `go away, become weak', so also with the verb for `sit, sit down' in ἕζομαι a.o. (s. v.), IE * sed-, to which as verbal noun, prob. fist with prefix, *sodó-s \> ὁδός, OCS chodъ. -- Details w. lit. in WP. 2, 486, Pok. 887, W.-Hofmann s. 2. cēdō, Vasmer s. chód; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 306 f., Gliederung 170.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `lament, dirge' (trag. in lyr., Theoc.); `tedious, dull person', also adj. `slow' (hell.; cf. below).

Other forms: ἰήλεμος (on the distribution Björck Alpha impurum 16).

Derivatives: ἰαλεμώδης `plaintive' (H., Phot., Suid.), ἰαλεμέω, - ίζω ( ἰη-) `lament' (Hdn., Call.) with ἰηλεμίστρια f. `wailing woman' (A. Cho. 424, lyr.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Expressive word, perhaps from the interjection ἰή (cf. v. Wilamowitz on Eur. Her. V. 109; after the subst. ἰά); not very probable. The formation futher only in κοάλεμος, which may have influenced the later meaning of ἰάλεμος. Zacher IF 18 Anz. 86 assumes for ἰάλεμος Thraco-Phrygian origin. κοάλεμος is prob. Pre-Greek, and so will be our word (Fur. 151, 317).

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Grammatical information: n. pl.

Meaning: `heads, tops, mountain-tops' (Il.).

Other forms: second. sg. κάρηνον (h. Hom.), κάρᾱνον (A. Cho. 396 [lyr.], Mosch. 1, 12)

Derivatives: From it Lacon. κάρᾱνος `chief' (X. HG 1, 4, 3), Κόραννος βασιλεὺς Μακεδονίας (unclear; prob. appellat.), κάραννος κεκρύφαλος, κρήδεμνον (Aeol.); καρανώ την αἶγα. Κρῆτες H.; on the formation Solmsen Wortforsch. 150 n. 2. Denomin.: καρανόω `(crown), complete' (A.); *καρανίζω `behead' in καρανιστῆρες... δίκαι σφαγαί τε (A. Eu. 186), καρανιστης μόρος (E. Rh. 817); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 14; 18; 35; 49.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] *ḱerh₂- `head, horn

Etymology: From *κάρασ-ν-α; the alternating r-stem is found in καράρα κεφαλή H., from *καρασ-ρ-α (davon Καράρων V. d. Κάρανος); also in the ablauting Lat. cerebrum `brain' (\< * keras-ro-m \< *ḱerh₂-(e)s-rom). Further s. κάρᾱ, κρανίον, κραίνω; also κέρας.

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Grammatical information: n. pl.

Meaning: `chicory, Cichorium intybus'. (Nic. Al. 429; ῑ, verse begin)

Other forms: κιχόρη f. (Thphr.), κιχόριον n. (Thphr., Dsc., Plin.), - ια pl. (Ar. Fr. 293; for - εια = Lat. cĭchŏrēa pl.?)

Origin: XX [etym. unknown], PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: No etymology. DNP s.v. cichorei calls it growing in the mediterranean area, so Pre-Greek? But one type would come from Egypt.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `ear'; metaph. `handle'(Il.; IA).

Other forms: ὦς (Theoc., hell.). Gen. ὠτός, nom. acc. pl. ὦτα etc. (IA.), οὔατος, - ατα etc., with n. a. sg. οὖας (Simon.); besides ἆτα (cod. ἄτα) ὦτα. Ταραντῖνοι H.; prob. also sg. αὖς (Paul. Fest. 100, 4; Wackernagel IF 45, 312ff. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1252ff.); further details on the inflexion in Schwyzer 520.

Dialectal forms: Myc. anowoto; also anowe like ἀμφ-ώης `with two ears or handles' (Theoc.; ἄμφ-ωτος Od.).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὠτ-ακουστέω `to eavesdrop, to listen, to attend' (Hdt., X., D., Plb.), compound of ὠτὶ ἀκουστόν (opposite ἀν-ηκουστέω: οὑκ ἀκουστόν; cf. ἀμνηστέω and Schwyzer 726; not correct Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 68), with ὠτακουστής m. `eavesdropper, listener' (Arist.); ἀν-ούατος `without ears, without handles' (Theoc.), ἄ-ωτος `id.' (Philet., Plu.); μυόσ-ωτ-ον ( μύ-ωτον) n., - ίς f. "mouse-ear" (the plant) `madwort, Asperugo', from μυὸς ὦτα `id.' (Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 42). On λαγώς s. v.

Derivatives: ὠτ-ίον n. `handle, ear' (Theopomp. Com., LXX, NT), - άριον n. `id.' (com. IV^a); οὑατ-όεις `with ears, handles' (Simon., Call.; also in Hom. a. Hes. for ὠτώεις to be reconstructed; Wackernagel Unt. 168f.), ὠτ-ικός `belonging to the ear' (Gal., Dsc.). Also ὠτ-ίς, - ίδος f. `bustard' (X., Arist.; after the cheek-plumes or the tuft?; Thompson Birds s.v.); besides ὦτ-ος m. `eared owl' (Arist.; after the ear-plumes). -- On ἐνῴδιον, ἐνώτιον s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [785] *h₂(e\/o)us- `ear'.

Etymology: The pair οὖς, ὦς (cf. βοῦς, βῶς) can be derived from IE * ōus; Lat. aur-is, aus-cultō a.o. contain an e-grade (* h₂eus-), which may also be found in ἆτα from *αὔσ-ατα; s. also on ἀάνθα. To be noted old Att. ΟΣ, which seems to point to a contraction; one wanted to construct (since J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 407) a basis * ous-os, for which a support was seen in OCS ucho n. `ear', gen. ušes-e ; but it is also possible to read ὦς (after ὠτός etc.). The other forms can without problem be derived from IE * ōus-n-tos etc. with diff. phonetic developments, s. the extensive treatment in Schwyzer 520 a. 348, WP. 1,18 w. rich lit. The in οὔ-α-τος incorporated n-enlargement is also found in Arm. un-kn (with -kn after akn `eye'; so not comparable with ὠκίδες ἐνώτια H.) and in Germ., e.g. Goth. auso, ausin-s. -- From the further forms are especially notable the old duals Av. uš-i (IE * h₂us-ī, with zero grade); OCS uš-ī (IE * h₂us-ī ). Further details from diff. languages w. rich lit. in WP. (s. ab.), Pok. 785, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. auris, Vasmer s. úcho; older lit. also in Bq. -- (See also παρειαί, παρήϊον; not here ἀκούω, ἀκροάομαι.)

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `tent(-roof), booth, banquet; stage (building), scene' (IA., Dor.).

Other forms: Dor. σκᾱνᾱ́.

Compounds: Compp., e.g. σκηνο-πηγ-ία f. `tent-building' (Arist.), `the feast of tabernacles' (LXX, NT a.o.), σύ-σκηνος, Dor. σύν-σκανος m. `tent-, house-, table-mate' (Att., Tenedos a.o.) with - ία (X. a.o.); with ιο-suffix e.g. παρα-σκήν-ιον, - ια n. `room(s) next to the σκηνή' (D., Delos a. o.).

Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: σκην-ίς, - ίδος f. (Plu.), - ίδιον n. (Th.), - ύδριον (Plu.). 2. - ίτης m. `tent-dweller, chandler, nomad etc.' (Isoc., Str., inscr. a.o.; Redard 26f.); also - ευτής m. (EM, AB). 3. - εῖον n. `tent-pole, -rod' (pap. III^a). 4. - ικός `belonging to the stage, actor' (hell. inscr., Plu. a. o.) with - ικεύομαι `to perform as an actor' (Memn.). Denom. verbs: 5. σκην-άομαι, also w. κατα- a.o., `to pitch a tent, to camp' (Att.), - άω `to feast' (X.). 6. - έω, also w. δια-, συν-, ἀπο- a. o., `to be in a tent, to camp' (Att., esp. X., in non-pres. forms of - άω not well to distinguish) with - ημα (Dor. σκάναμα) n. `tent, camp' (A., X., Epid. III^a a. o.), also `body' (Maced. inscr.; cf. σκῆνος). 7. - όω, often w. κατα-, παρα-, συν-, ἐπι-, ἀπο- a. o., 'to pitch a tent, to camp' (Pl., X. etc.) with - ωμα n., mostly pl., `camp, dwelling', also `body' (E., LXX a. o.), κατα- σκηνη `cover, curtain' (A. Cho. 985), - ωσις ( κατα-) f. (Agatharch., LXX a. o.); - ωταί συσκηνοῦντες H. -- Besides σκῆνος, Dor. (Ti. Locr.) σκᾶνος n. `body' (= tent of the soul), `corpse' (Hp., Democr., Ion. inscr., Nic., Ep. Kor. a. o.; Leumann Hom. Wörter 308 f. w. n. 81); n. after σῶμα, cf. also κτῆνος, σμῆνος a. o. -- Unclear σκῆν ὅ τινες μεν ψυχήν, τινες δε φάλαιναν H., i. e. `butterfly' resp. `moth' (cf. σκήνωμα papilio gloss.); prop. of the pup, cf. Immisch Glotta 6, 198ff., Güntert Kalypso 233.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Formation like ποινή, εὑνή, φερνή etc. (Chantraine Form. 191f., Schwyzer 489); further isolated. On possible remote cognates s. σκιά and Solmsen Unt. 278 n. 2 (S. 279f.). Lat. LW [loanword] scaena (unly in the sense of `stage').

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βρῶμα, ατος, τό (s. βιβρώσκω; Thu., X. et al.; pap, LXX; En; TestSol 1:1 C; Test12Patr; Jos., Ant. 3, 29 and 30; 17, 62; Ar.; Just., D. 20, 1; 12:6; cp. TestReub 2:7 βρῶσις βρωμάτων)

① that which is eaten, food lit. Ro 14:15ab, 20; 1 Cor 8:8, 13; GEb 13, 79. Pl. (Hippocr. et al.; oft. LXX; En 98:2; Hippol., Ref. 1, 24, 1) Lk 3:11; 9:13; 1 Cor 6:l3ab; 1 Ti 4:3; Hb 13:9; B 10:9; PtK 2 p. 14, 20.—Esp. solid food (opp. γάλα) 1 Cor 3:2 (in imagery, but w. lit. components dominant). Pl. (w. ποτά, as 2 Esdr 3:7) ITr 2:3; (w. πόματα, as Plato, Leg. 11 p. 932a; Epict., Ench. 33, 2; TestReub 2:7) Hb 9:10.—The mng. ‘filth’, ‘stench’, as in Mod. Gk. (Rdm. 12) is most unlikely for Mt 14:15, Mk 7:19 (B-D-F §126, 3).—Of manna: τὸ πνευματικὸν β. 1 Cor 10:3.—In the endtime Papias (9:10); s. ἀπόλαυσις.

② nourishment of a transcendent nature, means of sustenance, food (πνεῦμα ἅγιον, ὅ ἐστι βρῶμα ζωῆς Iren. Haer. 4, 2 [Harv. II 294, 11]; ὁ περὶ β. ἀληθῶν καὶ πνευματικῶν λόγος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 49) doing the will of God is Jesus’ food J 4:34; ἔσται μου ἡ εὐχὴ βρώματα καὶ πώματα prayer will be my food and drink GJs 1:4 (cp. Aeschyl., Cho. 26; Soph., El. 363f). Cp. 1 Cor 3:2 above.—B. 329. DELG s.v. βιβρώσκω. M-M. TW.

κόπτω impf. ἔκοπτον; 1 aor. ἔκοψα, mid. ἐκοψάμην; fut. mid. κόψομαι. Pass.: 2 aor. ἐκόπην (Hs 8, 1, 4); pf. ptc. κεκομμένος (Hs 8, 1, 4) (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol; ApcSed 7:10; Ar. 8, 2; Just.; Mel., P. 19, 128; 29, 201)

① cut (off) act. (Jos., Vi. 171; Just., D. 86, 6) τὶ ἀπό (or ἔκ) τινος someth. fr. someth. (Quint. Smyrn. 11, 71 κ. τι ἀπό τινος) κλάδους ἀπὸ τ. δένδρων Mt 21:8. κλάδους ἀπὸ τῆς ἰτέας Hs 8, 1, 2; cp. 4; 8, 3, 1; 8, 4, 4f. στιβάδας ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν leafy branches from the fields Mk 11:8 (cp. X., Hell. 5, 2, 43; POslo 17, 7 [136 A.D.]; Is 44:14 ξύλον ἐκ τοῦ δρυμοῦ; 2 Ch 2:15; SibOr 3, 651).—Fig. πολὺ κόψετε τῶν προτέρων ὑμῶν ἁμαρτιῶν you will cut off many of your former sins Hs 6, 1, 4.

② beat one’s breast as an act of mourning, mid. (Aeschyl., Pers. 683, cp. Cho. 22–31; Pla., Phd. 60b; LXX; Jos., Ant. 7, 41; s. κοπετός) κ. τὰ στήθνη beat their breasts (PGM 36, 139) GPt 8:28. Then abs. mourn (greatly) (Lucian, De Sacrific. 15; 3 Km 13:29 v.l.; Zech 7:5) Mt 24:30; GPt 7:25; (w. θρηνεῖν, q.v. 2 and 3 and Jos., Ant. 8, 273) Mt 11:17; Lk 23:27; (w. κλαίειν, q.v. 1) GPt 12:52, 54; GJs 17:2. W. cognate acc. δύο κοπετοὺς ἐκόπτετο GJs 2:1. κ. ἐπὶ σάκκου καὶ σποδοῦ mourn in sackcloth and ashes B 7:5 (the unusual use of ἐπί is prob. to be explained by the fact that the mourner sat on ashes; cp. 3:2). W. acc. foll. mourn someone (Aristoph., Lys. 396; Pla., Rep. 10, 619c; Anth. Pal. 11, 135, 1; Gen 23:2; 1 Km 25:1 al.; Jos., Ant. 13, 399) Lk 8:52; cp. 23:27; GJs 24:3. τὴν χηροσύνην … τὴν ἀτεκνίαν 2:1. Also ἐπί τινα mourn for someone (2 Km 1:12; 11:26 v.l.) Rv 1:7; 18:9.—EMartino, Morte e pianto rituale nel mondo antico, ’58, 217–20 (lit.). The principal themes of lamentation Hom., Il. 18, 22–64.—B. 553; 557. DELG. M-M. TW.

παῖς, παιδός, ὁ or ἡ (Hom. et al.) child.

① a young pers. normally below the age of puberty, w. focus on age rather than social status, boy, youth (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Philo, Op. M. 105; Jos., Ant. 12, 210; Just., D. 78, 2 and 7; s. VLeinieks, The City of Dionysos ’96, 199–210 on age-classes) Mt 17:18; Lk 9:42; Ac 20:12. Ἰησοῦς ὁ παῖς Lk 2:43. In ref. to Jesus GJs 20:4; 22:2.—Pl. (as פְּדַיָּא a loanw. in rabb.) Mt 2:16; 21:15; B 8:3f.—ἐκ παιδός from childhood (Diod S 1, 54, 5; 1, 73, 9; 1, 92, 5; 19, 40, 2 al. Simplicius in Epict. p. 129, 26; UPZ 144, 19 [165 B.C.] τῆς ἐκ παιδὸς φιλίας; cp. Just., A I, 15, 6 ἐκ παίδων) Mk 9:21 D.

② one’s own immediate offspring, child as ‘son’ or ‘daughter’

ⓐ of a son ὁ παῖς (Hom.+; Diod S 20, 22, 1 οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ; ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 19 [Stone p. 16]; JosAs 23:9; ApcMos 42; Jos., Bell. 4, 646, Ant. 20, 140 al.; Just., A II, 2, 16 al.; Tat. 41, 1; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7, P. 53, 389; Ath. 20, 2 al.) ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ J 4:51 (=υἱός vss. 46f, 50; υἱός v.l. for παῖς vs. 51). This sense is also poss. in Mt 8:6, 8, 13, but these pass. prob. belong in 3a.

ⓑ of a daughter ἡ παῖς (for the feminine term, but not limited to ‘daughter’, s. Pind., Fgm. 107, 7 [122 Sch.] ὦ παῖδες=girls!; Hyperid., Fgm. 144; Phalaris, Ep. 142, 1; Chariton 1, 8, 2; Philostrat., Her. 19, 11 p. 204, 31; Gen 24:28; 34:12; TestJob 7:7f; Jos., Ant. 1, 254; 5, 266 al.; Tat. 8, 3; 33, 2) Lk 8:51; GJs fifteen times for Mary. ἡ παῖς (my) child (nom. w. art. for voc.; s. B-D-F §147, 3; Rob. 465f; 769) Lk 8:54.

③ one who is committed in total obedience to another, slave, servant

ⓐ of slaves and personal attendants slave, servant (since Hipponax [VI B.C.] 16 D.³; Aeschyl., Cho. 652. Also HUsener, Epicurea 1887 p. 168, 10; Plut., Alcib. 193 [4, 5], Mor. 65c; 70e; SIG 96, 26. Oft. pap. and LXX; TestAbr B; JosAs 99:3 al.; AscIs 3:5; Jos., Ant. 18, 192, Vi. 223.—Even an especially trusted male servant is termed ὁ παῖς: Diod S 15, 87, 6 Epaminondas’ armor-bearer; Appian, Iber. 27, 107 Scipio’s groom; Gen 24:2ff Abraham’s chief servant, vs. 5 ὁ παῖς) Lk 7:7 (=δοῦλος vss. 2f, 10); 15:26; AcPt Ox 849, 15 [Aa I 73, 21 Lat.]. W. παιδίσκη (q.v.) 12:45. Prob. Mt 8:6, 8, 13 also belong here (s. 2a).—Of those at a ruler’s court οἱ παῖδες courtiers, attendants (Diod S 17, 36, 5; Gen 41:10, 37f; 1 Km 16:17; Jer 43:31; 44:2; 1 Macc 1:6, 8) Mt 14:2.

ⓑ of special relationships

α. humans as God’s servants, slaves (Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 152 D.: θεῶν παῖδες [or ‘sons of gods’ as Polyb. 3, 47, 8; Chariton 2, 1, 5 and Diog. L. 9, 72]; LXX; ParJer 6:24 [Jeremiah]) Israel (Is 41:8f; PsSol 12:6; 17:21) Lk 1:54. David (Ps 17:1; Is 37:35) 1:69; Ac 4:25; D 9:2a.—Of guileless pers. τοὺς κατὰ θεὸν ἀκακίαν ἀσκοῦντας παῖδας ἐκάλουν, ὡς καὶ Παπίας δηλοῖ as Papias points out, those who led a godly life without guile were called children Papias (8).

β. angels as servants of God (God) does not trust his servants 1 Cl 39:4 (Job 4:18). Of the young man from heaven who released Paul from his chains παῖς λείαν (=λίαν) εὐειδὴς ἐν χάριτι AcPl Ha 3, 13f.

γ. of Christ in his relation to God. In this connection it has the mng. servant because of the identification of the ‘servant of God’ of certain OT pass. w. the Messiah (Is 52:13 et al.; BJanowski/PStuhlmacher, edd., Der Leidende Gottesknecht ’96 [lit.]; DBS XII 1000–1016) Mt 12:18 (cp. Is 42:1); B 6:1; B 9:2 (on the last two cp. Is 50:10). So prob. also D 9:2b (because of the immediate proximity of Δαυὶδ ὁ παῖς σου 9:2a); 9:3; 10:2f.—In other places (cp. Ath. 10, 2; 12, 2 al.; Iren. 3, 12, 5 [Harv. II 58, 8]) the mng. son is certainly to be preferred (παῖς was so understood in the Gk. world, when it expressed a relationship to a divinity: Il. 2, 205 Κρόνου παῖς; Sappho 1, 2 Diehl; Alcaeus 1; Bacchylides 17, 70 Minos, a παῖς of Zeus; Hermocles [IV/III B.C.] p. 174 Coll. Alex.=Athen. 6, 63, 253d: Demetrius Poliorcetes as π. Ποσειδῶνος θεοῦ; Diod S 17, 51, 1 the god Ammon has his prophet address Alexander thus χαῖρε, ὦ παῖ; what follows makes it clear that procreation is meant; Plut., Mor. 180d; Maximus Tyr. 14, 1d; Paus. 2, 10, 3 Ἄρατος Ἀσκληπιοῦ π.; Diogenes, Ep. 36, 1; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 7, 24 p. 279, 4; Porphyr., Vi. Plot. 23; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 2, 10; IG IV², 128, 50 [280 B.C.] and oft.; Sb 8314, 9 Hermes conducts the dead man to the Elysian fields ἅμα παισὶ θεῶν. S. above bα the παῖδες θεῶν. Cp. also Herm. Wr. 13, 2 ὁ γεννώμενος θεοῦ θεὸς παῖς; 13, 4; 14; Rtzst., Poim. 223f.—Celsus 7, 9) παῖς αὐτοῦ ὁ μονογενὴς Ἰησοῦς Χρ. MPol 20:2. God as ὁ τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ κ. εὐλογητοῦ παιδὸς Ἰησοῦ Χρ. πατήρ 14:1. Corresp. Christ as God’s ἀγαπητὸς παῖς 14:3; Dg 8:11. The same is true of the other pass. in Dg: 8:9; 9:1.—In the case of the rest of the pass. it is hardly poss. to decide which mng. is better: Ac 3:13, 26; 4:27, 30 (unless the παῖς σου your servant of 4:25 should demand the same transl. for the other pass. as well; JMénard, CBQ 19, ’57, 83–92 [Acts]); 1 Cl 59:2–4 (in wordplay w. παιδεύω; but here the word ἠγαπημένος repeated in vss. 2 and 3 [cp. the magical pap of c. 300 A.D. in TSchermann, TU 34, 2b, 1909, 3: Christ as ἠγαπημένος παῖς] could suggest the transl. son).—WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 56f; AvHarnack, Die Bezeichnung Jesu als ‘Knecht Gottes’ u. ihre Geschichte in d. alten Kirche: SBBerlAk 1926, 212–38; Jeremias, ZNW 34, ’35, 115–23; KEuler, D. Verkündigung v. leidenden Gottesknecht aus Jes 53 in d. griech. Bibel ’34; PSeidelin, D. ˓Ebed J. u. d. Messiasgestalt im Jesajatargum: ZNW 35, ’36, 194–231; HWolff, Jes 53 im Urchristent. ’50²; EMcDowell, Son of Man and Suffering Servant ’44; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 2–8; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 268f; OCullmann, Dieu Vivant 16, ’50, 17–34; HHegermann, Jes 53 in Field, Hexapla, Targum u. Peschitta ’54; ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht ’55; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes: ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; OCullmann, Die Christologie des NT ’57; JPrice, Interpretation 12, ’58, 28–38 (Synoptics); MHooker, Jesus and the Servant ’59; BvanIersel, ‘D. Sohn’ in d. synopt. Jesusworten, ’61, 52–65 (bibliog.); HOrlinsky, The So-called Suffering Servant in Isaiah 53, ’64 (s. review in CBQ 27, ’66, 147); EKränkl, Jesus der Knecht Gottes, ’72 (Acts); FDanker, Proclamation Comm.: Luke ’87, 82–86. WZimmerli/JJeremias, The Servant of God (tr. HKnight), ’65=Studies in Bibl. Theol. 20.—B. 87f. Schmidt, Syn. II 422–31. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

τίκτω fut. τέξομαι; 2 aor. ἔτεκον; pf. τέτοκα LXX; plpf. ἐτετόκει (Just., D. 78, 5). Pass.: fut. 3 sg. τεχθήσεται (Just., A I, 54, 8 1), ptc. τεχθησόμενος (LXX; Just., A I, 33, 1); 1 aor. ἐτέχθην (Hom.+) prim. ‘bring into the world, engender’ (when used of the father ‘beget’, when used of the mother ‘bring forth’); in our lit.

① to cause to be born or come into the world, give birth (to), bear w. acc. υἱόν etc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 3 al. Jac.; Jos., Ant. 1, 257) Mt 1:21; GJs 14:2 (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 8 Philip learns in a dream: ἡ γυνή σου τέξει σοι υἱόν, ὸ̔ς κυριεύσει τ. κόσμον πάντα; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 802 according to a saying of Themis, it is destined that Thetis will παῖδα τεκεῖν who will tower over everything); Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14), 25; Lk 1:31; 2:7; Rv 12:4b, 5, 13. Abs. J 16:21; Gal 4:27; 2 Cl 2:1 (the last two Is 54:1); Rv 12:2, 4a; GEg 252, 49, 51, and 53; ὁ χρόνος or αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν (acc. as subj.) Lk 1:57; 2:6. Pass. (Petosiris, Fgm. 9 ln. 93 ἐκ τῆς ἀχλύος [mist] τίκτονται σκώληκες; JosAs 17:4; ViMal 1 [p. 89, 1 Sch.]; Just., A I, 54, 8; Mel., P. 7, 53; Ath., 33, 2—S. B-D-F §76, 2) Mt 2:2; Lk 2:11.

② to cause to come into being, bring forth, produce, in imagery of the earth (Aeschyl., Cho. 127; Eur., Cycl. 333; Philo, Op. M. 132 γῆς τῆς πάντα τικτούσης) bring forth βοτάνην Hb 6:7. Of desire συλλαβοῦσα τίκτει (on this combination cp. Gen 4:17, 25; 29:35) ἁμαρτίαν Js 1:15 (cp. Aeschyl., Ag. 764 φιλεῖ δὲ τίκτειν ὕβρις ὕβριν; Solon in Stob. III p. 114, 7 H. ἡδονὴ λύπην τ.; Pla., Symp. 212a ἀρετήν, Ep. 3, 315c ἡδονὴ ὕβριν τίκτουσα ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ. The imagery is a favorite w. Philo. SibOr 3, 235 κακὰ τ.).—B. 281. DELG. M-M.

ὕμνος, ου, ὁ (s. ὑμνέω; Hom.+) a song with religious content, hymn/song of praise esp. in honor of a deity (ὕμνος θεῶν Aeschyl., Cho. 475; Pla., Leg. 7, 801d; Athen. 14, 627f.—Pla., Rep. 10, 607a; Athen. 1, 22b; 14 p. 626b; Arrian, Anab. 4, 11, 2; SIG 449, 2 τοὺς ὕμνους τοῖς θεοῖς; 450, 4 θεῷ ὕμνον; 695, 29; OGI 56, 69; PGiss 99, 8 [II A.D.]; POxy 130, 21. On hymns of var. kinds s. Pla., Leg. 3, 700b; Menand. Rh. p. 333. S. Pauly-W. IX 1, 141f.—Ps 39:4; Is 42:10; 1 Macc 13:51; PsSol; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 27 [Stone p. 54]; TestJob; Philo; Jos., Ant. 7, 305 [w. ᾠδαί] al.; TestLevi 3:8; TestGad 7:2; SibOr 3, 306; Just., A I, 13, 2; Hippol., Ref. 4, 49, 3 ὕμνους ἀναπέμπειν τῷ θεῷ; loanw. in rabb.) w. ψαλμοί (Jos., Ant. 12, 323), ᾠδαὶ πνευματικαί Eph 5:19; Col 3:16 (Diod S 5, 46, 3 ὕμνοι μετʼ ᾠδῆς in praise of the πράξεις of the gods and of their εὐεργεσίαι εἰς ἀνθρώπους; TestGad 7:2). ἀκούσασα τῶν ὕμνων αὐτῶν you who heard (the angels’) songs of praise GJs 15:3 (ὕμνον pap).—JQuasten, Musik u. Gesang in d. Kulten der heidn. Antike u. christl. Frühzeit 1930; RMessenger, Christ. Hymns of the First Three Cent.: Papers of the Hymn Soc. 9, ’42, 1–27; GSchille, Früchristliche Hymnen, ’62; JKroll, Antike 2, 1926, 258ff, Gnomon 5, 1929, 30ff; D. christl. Hymnodik bis zu Klemens v. Alex.² ’68; RDeich-gräber, Gotteshymnus u. Christushymnus in der frühen Christenheit: Studien zur Umwelt des NT 5, ’67, 188–214. S. ᾂδω, ᾠδή.—Pauly-W. IX/1, 140–83. DNP V 788–97. RAC, Lieferung 126, 915–46. DELG. M-M. TW.