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1 Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1 September 1865 Ouillins, Rhône, Franced. 25 November 1945 Paris, France[br]French metallurgist, originator of the Charpy pendulum impact method of testing metals.[br]After graduating in chemistry from the Ecole Polytechnique in 1887, Charpy continued to work there on the physical chemistry of solutions for his doctorate. He joined the Laboratoire d'Artillerie de la Marine in 1892 and began to study the structure and mechanical properties of various steels in relation to their previous heat treatment. His first memoir, on the mechanical properties of steels quenched from various temperatures, was published in 1892 on the advice of Henri Le Chatelier. He joined the Compagnie de Chatillon Commentry Fourchamboult et Decazeville at their steelworks in Imphy in 1898, shortly after the discovery of Invar by G.E. Guillaume. Most of the alloys required for this investigation had been prepared at Imphy, and their laboratories were therefore well equipped with sensitive and refined dilatometric facilities. Charpy and his colleague L.Grenet utilized this technique in many of their earlier investigations, which were largely concerned with the transformation points of steel. He began to study the magnetic characteristics of silicon steels in 1902, shortly after their use as transformer laminations had first been proposed by Hadfield and his colleagues in 1900. Charpy was the first to show that the magnetic hysteresis of these alloys decreased rapidly as their grain size increased.The first details of Charpy's pendulum impact testing machine were published in 1901, about two years before Izod read his paper to the British Association. As with Izod's machine, the energy of fracture was measured by the retardation of the pendulum. Charpy's test pieces, however, unlike those of Izod, were in the form of centrally notched beams, freely supported at each end against rigid anvils. This arrangement, it was believed, transmitted less energy to the frame of the machine and allowed the energy of fracture to be more accurately measured. In practice, however, the blow of the pendulum in the Charpy test caused visible distortion in the specimen as a whole. Both tests were still widely used in the 1990s.In 1920 Charpy left Imphy to become Director-General of the Compagnie des Aciéries de la Marine et Homecourt. After his election to the Académie des Sciences in 1918, he came to be associated with Floris Osmond and Henri Le Chatelier as one of the founders of the "French School of Physical Metallurgy". Around the turn of the century he had contributed much to the development of the metallurgical microscope and had helped to introduce the Chatelier thermocouple into the laboratory and to industry. He also popularized the use of platinum-wound resistance furnaces for laboratory purposes. After 1920 his industrial responsibilities increased greatly, although he continued to devote much of his time to teaching at the Ecole Supérieure des Mines in Paris, and at the Ecole Polytechnique. His first book, Leçons de Chimie (1892, Paris), was written at the beginning of his career, in association with H.Gautier. His last, Notions élémentaires de sidérurgie (1946, Paris), with P.Pingault as co-author, was published posthumously.[br]BibliographyCharpy published important metallurgical papers in Comptes rendus… Académie des Sciences, Paris.Further ReadingR.Barthélémy, 1947, "Notice sur la vie et l'oeuvre de Georges Charpy", Notices et discours, Académie des Sciences, Paris (June).M.Caullery, 1945, "Annonce du décès de M.G. Charpy" Comptes rendus Académie des Sciences, Paris 221:677.P.G.Bastien, 1963, "Microscopic metallurgy in France prior to 1920", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgical Society Conference Vol.27, pp. 171–88.ASDBiographical history of technology > Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert
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2 Charpy-Prüfung
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3 Charpy-Kerbschlagbiegeprobe
f <qualit.mat> ■ Charpy notched-bar impact test specimen; Charpy test specimen practGerman-english technical dictionary > Charpy-Kerbschlagbiegeprobe
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4 Charpy-Probekörper
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5 Charpy impact strength
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy impact strength
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6 Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit
German-english technical dictionary > Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit
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7 Charpy-testing
subst. Charpy impact test -
8 Charpy absorbed energy
работа разрушения образца при испытаниях по Шарли ( испытаниях на ударную вязкость образцов с V-образным надрезом); ударная вязкость по Шарпи; см. также Charpy V-notch energy; fracture energyАнгло-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy absorbed energy
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9 Charpy impact test
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy impact test
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10 Charpy machine
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy machine
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11 Charpy V-notch energy
ударная вязкость по Шарли; (работа разрушения образца при испытаниях по Шарпи испытаниях на ударную вязкость образцов с V-образным надрезом); см. также Charpy absorbed energy; fracture energyэнергия ( работа), разрушения ( при испытании) образцов Шарпи с V-образным надрезомАнгло-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy V-notch energy
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12 Charpy V-notch impact energy
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy V-notch impact energy
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13 Charpy V-notch impact test
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy V-notch impact test
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14 Charpy V Notch
Metallurgy: CVN -
15 Charpy V-notch
Engineering: CVN -
16 Charpy V-notch test
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Charpy V-notch test
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17 Charpy 50% FATT
переходная температура по Шарпи, определяемая по 50% площади волокнистого изломаАнгло-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy 50% FATT
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18 Charpy data
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy data
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19 Charpy impact energy
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy impact energy
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20 Charpy impact machine
маятниковый копёр (для определения ударной вязкости по Шарли на образцах с V-образным надрезом)Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Charpy impact machine
См. также в других словарях:
Charpy — ist der Name von Augustin Georges Albert Charpy (1865–1945), französischer Techniker und Entwickler des Kerbschlagbiegeversuchs Charpy Kerbschlagzähigkeit Charpy Schlagzähigkeit Diese Seite ist eine Beg … Deutsch Wikipedia
CHARPY (G.) — CHARPY GEORGES (1865 1945) Après ses études à l’École polytechnique, Charpy y reste comme préparateur, et passe en 1889 une thèse de chimie sur l’étude des solutions salines. C’est au laboratoire central de la Marine, où il entre en 1892 comme… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Charpy — Nom assez courant en Franche Comté et dans l Ain. Vu la région géographique où l on rencontre le patronyme, il faut sans doute considérer qu il s agit d un nom de lieu, désignant un bois de charmes (latin carpinus). C est en effet de la Drôme à… … Noms de famille
Charpy — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Patronymes Charles Antoine Charpy (1869 1941), général de division français Christian Charpy, haut fonctionnaire français, directeur général de l Agence… … Wikipédia en Français
Charpy test — Charpy test. См. Испытания по Шарли. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) … Словарь металлургических терминов
Charpy impact test — v · d · e Materials failure modes Buckling · … Wikipedia
Charpy-Kerbschlagzähigkeit — Gerät für den Kerbschlagbiegeversuch Skizze zum Kerbschlagbiegeversuch Der Kerbschlagbiegeversuch ist ein 1905 von Augustin Georges Albert Charpy eingeführtes Verfahren der … Deutsch Wikipedia
charpy machine — ˈshär(ˌ)pē noun Usage: usually capitalized C Etymology: after A. G. A. Charpy died 1945 French engineer : a machine for measuring the breaking strength of materials under impact … Useful english dictionary
charpy test — noun Usage: usually capitalized C : a test made with a Charpy machine … Useful english dictionary
charpy — char·py … English syllables
Charpy — … Useful english dictionary